palapala aie - Ua loaʻa i ka hui ʻo Adani kahi malu i hala. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ma kahi hoʻokolokolo i hana ʻia e Hindenburg Research - kahi paʻa e kālele ana i ke kūʻai pōkole. Hiki iā ʻoe heluhelu i ka hōʻike hoʻokolokolo piha ma aneʻi, a ke paipai nui nei au iā ʻoe e hana pēlā inā ua hoʻokomo kālā ʻoe i kekahi o nā hui ʻo Adani Group.
Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻino, heluhelu i ka mea hou hoʻokolokolo ʻia e FT ma ʻaneʻi.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Gautam Adani i kāna huakaʻi ma kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻo Jain ma Ahmedabad. I kona mau makahiki he 20, ua alualu ʻo Gautam Adani i ke kēkelē laepua ma ke kālepa mai ke Kulanui ʻo Gujarat.
Akā naʻe, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana i ke kulanui i kāna makahiki ʻelua a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kālele i ka ʻoihana a kona kaikunāne.
Na Tatas a me Birlas i hoʻokumu i ka moʻolelo ulu o India ma hope o ke Kūʻokoʻa, akā ua lilo ka hui ʻo Adani i ka synonym no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka waiwai i ke kenekulia 21.
ʻO ka waiwai nui o Gautam Adani he $114 biliona, a ʻo ia i kēia manawa kanaka waiwai ʻehā o ka honua. Loaʻa i kāna mau ʻoihana ʻehiku ka nui o ka mākeke ma kahi o $ 197.49 biliona (Iulai 19, 2022).
Hoʻonui i ka hui ʻo Adani
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka Pūʻulu Adani ʻaʻole ia he hanana hoʻokahi lā. E ʻike kākou i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hui ʻo Adani i kēlā me kēia pae, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki i kēia manawa, a he aha kā lākou hoʻolālā e hoʻonui ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana:
Ua hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi a Gautam Adani i ka wā i kāhea aku ai kona kaikuaʻana ʻo Mansukhbhai Adani iā ia mai Mumbai i ka makahiki 1981.
ʻO Gautam Adani, i kēlā manawa, ua hana ʻo ia no nā kaikunāne Mahindra ma ke ʻano he daimana sorter mai ka makahiki 1978. Ua koho ʻo Mansukhbhai Adani iā ia i kāna hale hana palaki e mālama i ka hana. No laila, ua lilo ka ʻoihana plastik i ʻīpuka no ke aupuni o ka hui Adani e hiki mai ana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kū i kāna ʻoihana i nā pilikia he nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā granules plastic. I ka lanakila ʻana i kēia mau hemahema, koi ʻo ia i 20 tons PVC i kēlā me kēia mahina e mālama i ke poʻo o kāna hui mai ka wai.
Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa mai kahi kuʻikahi mai ka mea hana hoʻokahi o India IPCL, ʻaʻole i hoʻolako pono i ka plastic i ka manawa.
Ua lanakila ʻo Gautam Adani i kēia paʻakikī me nā granules plastic ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā granules plastic ma o ke awa ʻo Kandla i ka makahiki 1988.
Wahi a kekahi luna kuʻuna o Adani,
"I ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai o ka mākeke plastic granules, i ka wā i hiki ʻole ai i nā hale ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokō i kā lākou ʻaelike, ʻo Gautam Adani wale nō ka mea nāna i hoʻokō i kāna ʻōlelo hoʻohiki.. "
ʻO Adani Group i ka Late 80s & Early 90s.
Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hemahema o ka ʻilika, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Adani i ka Letter of Authorization mai kahi mea hana ʻilika liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaka e kau i nā kauoha PVC nui; a ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hui pū ʻo Adani Group me ka Gujarat State Export Corporation e hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana o ka hui.
I ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka manaʻo i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā noi āpau ma lalo o ka GSEC, ua hoʻopau ʻo Gautam Adani i nā koi no kahi Letter of Authorization.
Ma ka lawe ʻana mai, ua hoʻohana ʻo Adani i ka GSEC i nā huahana o kā lākou koi, a kūʻai aku ʻo ia i nā huahana koena me ka uku maikaʻi i nā mea kūʻai aku.
Ma hope koke iho, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi laikini lawe mai e ke aupuni Gujarat me ke kaupaku o 12 crores Letter of Authorization.
I loko o kēia māhele, ua ulu ka ʻoihana o ka hui Adani i kahi wikiwiki. Ma waena o 1988 a me 1992, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka hui ʻo Adani mai 100 metric tonnes a i 40,000 metric tonnes.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Adani e hoʻokomo i nā waiwai ʻaila a me nā kemika me nā granules PVC. ʻO ka hui ʻo Adani, me ka manawa, ua hoʻonui iā ia iho i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana, a ʻaʻole koke i puka mai ka hui ʻo Adani ma ke ʻano he hale kalepa hōkū, kahi i hōʻemi ai i ka pono o nā hōʻoia panakō.
ʻO Adani Group i ka Late 90s
ʻO Adani Group, me ka EXIM Business, ua hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana i ka hopena o 90s. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e komo pū i nā awa a me nā mea kanu. No laila, ua lilo ke awa ʻo Mundra i kāna papahana ʻoihana kālā mua.
Akā ua hoʻomaka ka hui ʻo Adani e kū i ka hoʻohewa politika no kāna papahana awa mai nā poʻe kālai'āina koʻikoʻi e like me George Fernandes. Ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka lākou e alo i nā poho nui ma muli o kā lākou mau hana lohi ma Kandla a me ke awa ʻo Mumbai.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Adani e hoʻohuli iā Mundra i kahi awa pio pilikino e hoʻonā i ka pilikia lohi.
ʻO ka hui ʻo Adani a me ke awa ʻo Mundra
Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻoponopono LPG ma India i ka makahiki 1991. Ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni Gujarat ma 1994 e hoʻokele i nā awa hou ma ke ʻano he hui pū ʻana o nā hui mokuʻāina a me nā hui pilikino. Ua hoʻoholo i ka papa inoa o nā awa 10, me ka inoa o ke awa ʻo Mundra.
Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi waiwai o ke awa ʻo Mundra, ua hoʻolaha ke Aupuni o Gujarat i ka hoʻokele hoʻokele o ke awa ʻo Mundra, a ma 1995, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻaelike i ka hui Adani. Ua ʻike ʻia ka moku mua e ku ana ma ke awa ʻo Mundra i ka makahiki 1998.
Ma waena o 1998 a me 2002, ua hoʻonui ʻo Adani i ka ʻoihana lanahu a me Thermal power plant Business akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nui. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ke awa ʻo Mundra ma waena o kēia mau makahiki ʻehā, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupaianaha loa, a ʻo Gautam Adani i ʻōlelo ai ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia kāna hoʻoholo e lawe i ke awa ʻo Mundra.
ʻO ka Pūʻulu Adani Piʻi.
Ua hiki mai ka manawa hoʻololi hope no ka hui ʻo Adani i ka wā i lawe ai ke awa ʻo Kandla ma 2000 i ka hoʻoholo hoʻoholo iho ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o kekahi o nā mea hoʻokele awa nui loa ʻo P&O Ports Australia.
Ma hope o kēia hoʻihoʻi ʻana, hāʻawi ʻo P&O Ports i kēia kuʻikahi i ka Pūʻulu Adani ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kaulike ma ka hui ʻo Adani. Ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ke awa ʻo Mundra e ʻike i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma hope o kēia waihona kālā. ʻO ke awa ʻo Mundra kekahi o nā bipi kālā nui no ka hui Adani.
Ua loaʻa i nā awa ʻo Adani a me Special Exclusive Zones ka palena hana o 71% no nā makahiki he ʻumi. Ua koho ʻo Citibank i ka hui Adani no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kikowaena non-LNG ma ke awa ʻo Hazira. Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka makana palupalu ma 2009, hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana i ka makahiki 2010. Ua hoʻomaka ke awa i kāna hana ma 2012.
Ma hope mai ua hoʻolālā ʻo Gautam Adani e hoʻokumu i kahi mana mana ma Mundra me kahi mana hana mana 5,000 Megawatt. I kēia lā, ʻo 4640 Megawatt ka mana hoʻoulu mana o nā mea kanu wela o ka hui Adani.
Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kāna huli ʻana mai 3300 crores i 2000 a i 47,000 crores i 2013.
Hoʻonui i ka hui ʻo Adani ma ka mākeke honua.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hui Adani ma waena o 2009 a me 2012, i ka wā i loaʻa ai i ka hui ʻo Adani nā mines lanahu o Abbot point Portaur, Queensland, Australia.
I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia Initiative o ka Pūʻulu Adani, ua hoʻolilo ʻo Warburg i $110 miliona ma nā awa ʻo Adani a me nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa waiwai kūikawā o Adani. Ua hoʻokomo pū ka French Total i $2.5 Billiona kālā i loko o Adani Greens.
ʻO ka hui ʻo Adani i kēia manawa
ʻO ka hui ʻo Adani ʻo ia ka paionia o ka ʻoihana ʻenehana o India a komo i nā ʻāpana he nui.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Adani Group, ka mea e holo ana i kāna ʻoihana e pili ana i ka lanahu ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki, e ʻike i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hui ʻo Adani ma waho o ka wahie Fossil ma o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā waiwai nui i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, nā mines, nā awa, nā mea kanu mana, a me nā mokulele, nā kikowaena data, a me ka hana pale.
I kēia lā, ʻo kēia mau hoʻopukapuka koʻikoʻi o ka hui Adani e hana koʻikoʻi i nā manaʻo lōʻihi o India. I ka wā maʻi maʻi, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana helu ʻeono o ka hui Adani i 79 biliona kālā i kā lākou waiwai.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i kona hiki ʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i 2020. Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻo Adani Group i ka ʻaila nui Farani Total SE a me Warburg Pincus LLC. Aia ma kahi o Tata hui a me nā ʻoihana Reliance ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai.
He aha ka mea aʻe no ka hui ʻo Adani?
Ua manaʻo ʻo Adani Group e hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ʻewalu mau ʻāpana i kāna mau lālā i ka makahiki 2025. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana iā ia iho i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa pū ʻo Adani Group i nā mokulele mokulele ʻehiku National a me ka honua ma India, ʻo ia ka hapahā. o ka hooponopono kaapuni o Inia.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻonui i kona hiki i ʻewalu mau manawa e hoʻoulu ai i ka uila mana hou no India. Ua pili pono ia me ka hoʻokō ʻana o India e lilo i ʻāina kūʻokoʻa kalapona i ka makahiki 2070.
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Adani Group i kahi kuʻikahi me Edgeconnex e hoʻomohala i nā kikowaena data ma India a ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia e komo i ka ʻoihana pale, ʻoiai ua hoʻolālā ke Aupuni o India e hōʻemi i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mea kaua. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo e pili pono ana ka makemake o ke Aupuni o India a me Adani Group.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka aie o ka hui ʻo Adani
ʻO ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka hui ʻo Adani i nā makahiki ʻelima i hala iho nei ua hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia o kā lākou ʻoihana ma ka helu pupule. Inā ʻoe e ʻike, ua piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai o Adani Power i 800 pakeneka, ʻo Adani Enterprise ma 2400 pākēneka, a me Adani Greens ma kahi 5000 pakeneka.
Akā kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike ʻaʻole e noho ana ka hui ʻo Adani ma ke kuahiwi o ka loaʻa kālā, akā ʻo ka mauna o ka ʻaiʻē e like me ka ʻaiʻē ʻo Adani Group i piʻi e 40% i 2.21 Lakh crores ma FY22 e like me ka Kālā kālā.
Ua hōʻiliʻili ka hui ʻo Adani i kahi hōʻaiʻē noʻonoʻo o INR 2.2 trillion. Wahi a ka Credit Issues, ma waena o 2006-07, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o ka hui ʻo Adani he 16,953 crores e kūʻē i ka aie o 4,353 crores, akā i ka makahiki 2012-13, ʻo kāna loaʻa kālā he 47,352 crores e kūʻē i ka aie o 81,122 crores.
ʻOiai i kēia lā, ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka aie o ka hui Adani ma kahi o 20 biliona kālā. Aia kekahi manaʻo manaʻo inā mākou e loiloi i ka loaʻa kālā makahiki o ka Adani Group ma ke kāpae ʻana i ka Adani Wilmer, he $14.2 biliona wale nō, a ʻo ka huina kālā o nā hui o ka hui ʻo Adani he $1.4 biliona wale nō.
ʻO ka Oligarchy a me ka politika
Wahi a Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, nāna i kākau i ka Biography on Narendra Modi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Narendra Modi- The man, The times.', Ua ʻike ʻo Gautam Adani lāua ʻo Narendra Modi kekahi i kekahi mai 2003. Wahi a nā hōʻike he nui, ma 2003, i ka wā i hōʻole ai ʻo CII mai ka hoʻopukapuka kālā. ma Gujarat i ka pane ʻana i nā haunaele, ua hoʻopuka ka hui ʻo Gautam Adani i 1500 crores i nā papahana like ʻole ma Gujarat.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hōʻole ka hui ʻoihana Wharton India i ke kono iā Narendra Modi. ʻO Adani Group, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo nui o ka hanana nui, ua haʻalele pū i kāna kākoʻo mua me ka ʻole o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi ʻōlelo. Ua hōʻailona ka CAG i ʻelua mau manawa kahi i hāʻawi ai ke aupuni Gujarat i nā pono kūpono ʻole i ka hui Adani.
I ka manawa mua, ma waena o 2006-09, kūʻai aku ʻo Gujarat State petroleum i ke kinoea iā Adani Group ma nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. Ma kēia, ua loaʻa i ka hui ʻo Adani ka loaʻa kālā o 70.5 crores. I ka lua o ka manawa, ua loaʻa iā Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam kahi hoʻopaʻi he 79.8 crores e kūʻē i 240 crores i manaʻo ʻia e ka CAG.
Ua ʻike pū ʻo Adani Group i ka boycott honua i ka wā 'Stop Adani Movement' i ka wā i komo ai ka hui ʻo Adani iā ia iho i ka Controversial Carmichael coal mine, rail, a me ka papahana awa o Australia.
He pōʻino anei ka piʻi ʻana o ka aie no ka hui ʻo Adani?
ʻO Adani Enterprise wale nō ka hui i helu ʻia ma ka kumukuai makeke mua ma mua o 2008. Mai ka makahiki 2008 aku, ua hoʻomaka ka hui ʻo Adani e hoʻopaʻa inoa i kāna mau hui, a i kēia manawa aia ʻehiku mau hui i helu ʻia:
Adani Wilmar, Adani Enterprises, Adani Ports and SEZ, Adani transmission, Adani Green energy, and Adani Gas.
E like me ke koi o ka hui, ua hoʻonohonoho ka hui ʻo Adani i kahi ʻano paʻakikī o kahe kālā. I ka makahiki 2015-16, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Adani Properties, he lālā o Adani Enterprises, i 9.05 pakeneka o ka hoʻoili ʻana ma Adani no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike aia kēia mau ʻoihana ʻelua i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
I ka makahiki 2017-18, ua haʻalele nā waiwai ʻo Adani iā Adani Transmission.
No ka mea, ua lele nui i loko kumukuai nā kumukūʻai o Adani Transmission ma waena o ka makahiki kūʻai a me ka makahiki o ka puka ʻana. Ma waena o kēia mau manawa, e like me Iune 2015, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o ka hui Adani he 27.6 Rupees, i lele i 126 rupees i 2017.
Inā ua hoʻokomo ka hui ʻo Adani i hoʻokahi haneli kālā ma 2015, ua lilo ia i 400 crores ma 2017. Ke noho nei kēia kālā i loko o ka hui ke makemake ʻia e ka hui Adani; hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai aku i kāna mau ʻeke no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna papahana kūkulu.
ʻO ka lua, ma waena o 2013-18 Ua hakakā ʻo Adani Power me kāna kahe kālā. No ka mea, ʻoiai ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pāhana mana ma Mundra, ua manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa kahi lako lanahu haʻahaʻa mai Indonesia.
I ka wā i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai ʻo Indonesia i ke kumukūʻai o kāna lanahu i lawe ʻia aku i waho, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Adani Power Mundra ua piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai o ka lanahu i hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻolako hou i ka mana hoʻolōʻihi i nā kumukūʻai maoli.
No laila i loko o kēia manawa, hōʻike nā hōʻike makahiki o ka hui i nā manawa i hāʻawi pololei ʻia nā ʻoihana ʻo Adani i nā hōʻaiʻē iā Adani Power a me ka ʻole ma o nā hui e like me Infra India a i ʻole Kutch Power generation.
No laila, ʻo kēia paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa o ka permutation a me ka hui ʻana ʻo ia ka ʻike lōʻihi o ka hui Adani i ʻelua neʻe wale nō. Ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kaulike ma ka hui hui e hoʻopuka i ke kahe kālā, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hōʻaiʻē paʻa ʻē aʻe o ka hui ʻo Adani hui e kuhikuhi i ke kahe kālā i ka ʻoihana pilikia inā pono.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole o ka hui ʻo Adani e holo ana i ʻehiku mau ʻoihana like ʻole me nā tausani o nā kālā kālā.
Me kēia neʻe ʻana, hiki i ka hui ʻo Adani ke hoʻoulu koke i ka ulu ʻana i kā lākou mau waihona, a hiki i kēia nūhou i nā hale media, hoʻolaha lākou no ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka hui ʻo Adani.
Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ke kaulike keu ma o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana o ka poʻe ma nā hui ʻo Adani Group.
Panina
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka manaʻo o Adani Group i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua waiho i kahi ʻike hohonu i ka hoʻokele waiwai o India. I kēia lā ke kauoha nei ʻo Adani Group i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke mea kanu Solar hou o India, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mana, a me ka mākeke hoʻoili kinoea kūloko o India.
ʻO Gautam Adani, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Modi's Rockefeller, ʻoiai ma lalo o ke aupuni Modi, ua hoʻonui ʻia kāna waiwai ma 230%. Ke nānā nui nei ke aupuni i ka deregulating i nā PSU aupuni.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lanakila ʻo ia ma mua o $26 biliona ma nā ʻoihana aupuni a me nā papahana Infrastructure ma ka ʻāina. e like me ka Financial Times.
Akā, he mea hoihoi ia ke ʻike pehea e hele ai ʻo Adani Group, e noho nei ma luna o ka mauna o ka aie, e hele ana ma kahi laina lahilahi o ka piʻi ʻana o ka aie a mālama i ka ʻoihana i ka ulu paʻa.
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