Ndalama zenizeni zimakhala pachiwopsezo pogula masheya ndi zosankha, kotero kusankha koyipa kulikonse kumatha kutayika kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo ichi, amalonda amagwiritsa ntchito njira zogulira ndi kugulitsa potengera miyezo ndi malangizo osiyanasiyana mogwirizana ndi zomwe msika ukufunikira komanso zolinga za msika. Amayesa njira zosiyanasiyana asanalowe mumsika.
Poyambirira, amalonda amayesa njira zosiyanasiyana zogulitsira pamakompyuta pomwe akuwona ma chart amalonda. Chifukwa cha chitukuko chaukadaulo, opanga ambiri apanga mapulogalamu obwerera kumbuyo kuti ayese njira zabwino zogulitsira pogwiritsa ntchito deta yam'mbuyomu. Zotsatira zoyeserera zimathandizira kusintha njira yamalonda kuti muwonjezere phindu.
Njira zosiyana zobwerera kumbuyo, komabe, zimasiyana malinga ndi luso lazamalonda, njira yofikirako, dziko, ndi zina zofananira.
Masiku ano, tilinso ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba omwe amathandiza amalonda zosankha zamalonda kuti apeze phindu lalikulu.
Kubwezera kumbuyo ndi chiyani?
Options backtesting ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira momwe njira zanu zogulitsira zidzagwirira ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino kwambiri pochita malonda ndi ndalama zenizeni kuti mupange zisankho zanzeru.
Zosankha ndi stock backtesting zili ngati mbali ziwiri za ndalama imodzi. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa onse a iwo ndi kuti njira backtesting amawunika yeniyeni ya mfundo za options malonda.
Mumalandira zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo malonda omwe amalizidwa, kutsika, chiwopsezo cha mphotho, kubweza, kupambana%, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi Backtesting Software ndi chiyani?
Kuchita bwino kwa malonda kapena njira zopangira ndalama kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya backtesting, yomwe imathandizanso kulosera momwe zidzakhalire mtsogolo.
Zosangalatsa za a njira yamalonda kugwiritsa ntchito deta yakale kuchokera kuzinthu zachuma monga zosankha, magawo, ndi zina zimatengera code backtesting mu pulogalamuyi.
Kuti izi zitheke, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amsika ndi ma dataset amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kubweza kwachitsanzo. Kusankha njira yamalonda yomwe imachita bwino kwambiri potengera mbiri yakale, Msungidwe mabanki ndi alangizi azachuma amasintha njira zosiyanasiyana zamalonda ndikuwunika kuthekera kwa njira zamalonda.
Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azamalonda amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu obweza kumbuyo kuti apeze zambiri pazachuma chomwe chikuyembekezeka / kutayika, kuwonekera pamsika, kusinthasintha, kubweza kosinthika, ndikubwerera osayika ndalama zilizonse pachiwopsezo.
Tiyeni tiwone zida 12 zabwino kwambiri zobwezera kumbuyo ndi mapulogalamu:
KugulitsaThandizani
Pafupifupi anthu 200 miliyoni amayendera TradingView mwezi uliwonse, yomwe yakula kukhala imodzi mwamalo odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ochita malonda.
TradingView imapereka ntchito zingapo zowonetsera ndikuwunika zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zomwe zimagulitsidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale zili zaulere.
Kupitilira apo, TradingView imapereka njira yotsitsimutsa pulogalamu yotsatsira yomwe imathandizidwa ndi msika wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zamalonda ndi katundu (masheya, kusinthanitsa kwakunja, cryptocurrency, ndi zina zambiri).
Pali zolemba zambiri za backtesting ndi njira zomwe zilipo papulatifomu. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti ngakhale ambiri aiwo ndi aulere, muyenera kuwalipira ngati mukufuna kupeza njira zapamwamba.
Mawonekedwe ake osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi amodzi mwamaubwino a TradingView's backtesting chida. Lipoti lazotsatira ndilopambana.
Zimaphatikizapo zambiri za phindu la njira, kuphatikizapo phindu, kutsika, malonda opindulitsa, ndi zina. Malondawa amawonetsedwa m'mawonekedwe kuti awoneke mosavuta pa tchati.
Kusankha mitundu ya Pro ndi Pro Plus kumalangizidwa ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito TradingView pakubweza kwaukadaulo komanso kusanthula malonda.
Ndi chifukwa chakuti amapereka mwayi wopeza ma chart ambiri, zizindikiro, ndi zizindikiro zamalonda kuwonjezera pa kupereka chithandizo chosayerekezeka cha makasitomala ndi mwayi wopeza deta yeniyeni ya intraday pafupifupi pafupifupi katundu yense.
Anthu opitilira 2,000,000 nthawi zonse amapereka malingaliro ndi njira zogulitsira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kwaulere kapena kugula, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri pazida zobwezera kumbuyo za TradingView.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukulitsa masewera anu limodzi chifukwa gulu lonse likugwirizana kuti lichite bwino pakugulitsa malonda.
Malingaliro Amalonda
Trade Ideas ndiye chida choyenera chothandizira kukuthandizani kuti mutengere mwayi mwanzeru zakupanga chifukwa chayamba kukhala chomwe chimakonda kwambiri m'misika.
Pulogalamu yowunikira masheya ili ndi kuthekera kobweza kumbuyo komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowunika zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu kuti muwone momwe malingaliro amalonda akadachitira munthawi zosiyanasiyana.
OddsMaker, gawo lapadera lomwe lili mkati mwa Trade-Ideas stock scanner, ndilo dzina lachidziwitso chakumbuyo. Ikupezeka kuti mugulidwe mosiyana ndipo ndi gawo la zolembetsa za Trade Ideas Premium.
Tsopano ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri "wotengera zochitika" zochenjeza zamasheya. Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula kwa msika wa Real-time ndikuzindikira malingaliro amalonda omwe akuyembekezeka kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri kumatsimikizika pomwe pulogalamu yowunikira masheya ndi pulogalamu yobwezera kumbuyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.
Wogulitsayo amatha kuwona m'maganizo zomwe zikadachitika akadakhala kuti adapeza mwayi pomwe zidadziwonetsera. Palibe zolemba kapena zolembera zomwe zimafunikira kuti muthe kubweza kumbuyo, zomwe ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ma algorithms ophatikizika a AI atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera payankho la pulogalamu yobwezeretsa.
Trade Ideas Pro imapereka zidziwitso zolowera ndikutuluka komanso chidziwitso chokwanira pakuchita bwino kwamalonda.
Kupyolera mu API ya brokerage, wogulitsa akhoza kulola kuti pulogalamuyo izichita malonda paokha, kutengera zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale. Mfundo yakuti ma algorithms a AI akhala akuyenda bwino pamsika pakapita nthawi ndiyofunika kwambiri.
Forex Tester
Gawo lazachuma lamadzi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi msika wa Forex. Malonda a Forex ndi osiyana ndi malonda mumsika wina uliwonse wazachuma chifukwa nawonso ndiwosakhazikika.
Ngati mumagulitsa forex, mukufunikira woyesa kumbuyo kuti awonetse momwe njira yanu idzagwiritsire ntchito pamsika wovutawu.
Chidachi ndi mapulogalamu apadera obwezeretsa malonda a forex omwe angasonyeze momwe njira yanu idzagwiritsire ntchito pamene mukugulitsa ndalama ziwiri m'malo mwa katundu wa msika.
Zotsatira zake ndizosavuta kumvetsetsa, zomwe zimakulitsa luso la kuzindikira madera oyenera kusintha.
Kuphatikiza apo, Forex Tester ndi pulogalamu yowunikira kumbuyo yomwe imapambana pazomwe imachita. Forex Tester ndi imodzi mwamayankho osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito omwe alipo pakali pano, chifukwa chodzipereka pakukhazikitsa chida chothandizira kwambiri pakugulitsa malonda a forex.
Pa pulogalamu yawo yoyambira, Forex Tester imawononga nthawi imodzi $149. Tsoka ilo, woyesa woyambira amatha kuchita zambiri. Dongosolo la data la kampaniyo, lomwe limawononga $29.99 pamwezi, limagwira ntchito bwino likaphatikizidwa ndi pulogalamuyi.
TrendSpider
Pulogalamu ina yobwezera kumbuyo yomwe muyenera kuganizira ndi TrendSpider. Imathandizira kusanthula kwaukadaulo mothandizidwa ndi ma charting ndi zidziwitso. Mutha kudalira data yamasiku onse komanso zaka zopitilira 20 za mbiri yakale kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zasinthidwa.
Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuwonetsetsa kulondola kwamitundu yanu ndikupewa njira zamalonda zomwe zikanachita bwino mukugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni zenizeni.
Kuonjezera apo, zida zobwerera kumbuyo zimatha kukhazikitsa malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito malonda kuti abwereze zochitika zamalonda mudziko lenileni molondola ndipo ndizoyenera njira zazitali komanso zazifupi.
Monga mapulogalamuwa ali ndi tchati (kuyambira mphindi imodzi mpaka chaka), mutha kungopanga malamulo ogulira ndikugulitsa osadziwa kulemba mzere umodzi wa code. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kupanga njira zapadera, mutha kusakaniza zisonyezo zingapo, zizindikiro zamalonda zamitengo, voliyumu, ma chart a mbiri, ndi zina zambiri.
Zinthu zobwerera kumbuyo za TrendSpider zimakhazikika pamawonekedwe owoneka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino ngakhale kwa oyambira.
Ma chart amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwonetsa zotsatira za backtesting, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira osewera apamwamba ndi apansi ndi deta ina yovuta monga ma trendlines, kupambana, phindu, ndi drawdown.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kudziwa mwachangu kuti ndi malingaliro ati amalonda omwe ali odalirika kwambiri komanso omwe angapindule ndikusintha kwina kowonjezera.
Tickeron
Pazinthu, ma ETF, forex, ndi cryptocurrencies, Tickeron's backtesting imangokhala yokha ndipo imakhala ndi chizindikiritso cha tchati choyendetsedwa ndi AI komanso ma algorithms olosera. Zikafika popereka ma portfolio amtundu wanthawi zonse, ma signature okhazikika amalonda, kuthekera kochita bwino, komanso milingo yodalirika ya AI, Tickeron amapambana.
Malo ogulitsa a Tickeron amaphatikiza luntha lochita kupanga ndi luntha laumunthu kutengera gulu la amalonda kuti afananize momwe anthu ndi makina amaganizira.
Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka zinthu zambiri komanso zabwino zomwe zimayenderana ndi kalembedwe kanu, kuyang'ana kwambiri amalonda amasiku ano, ogulitsa maswiti, ndi osunga ndalama. Tickeron amapanga malingaliro amalonda kutengera kuzindikira kwapateni pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za AI.
Choyamba, amagwiritsa ntchito injini yosaka yachitsanzo kuti afufuze malonda akhalire pazachuma zomwe zikufanana ndi mitengo yochokera ku library yaukadaulo wowunikira.
Mtundu uliwonse womwe wapezeka, uli ndi mbiri yachipambano yomwe idabwezeredwa, ndipo Trend Prediction Engine yawo imaganizira bwino izi polosera.
metastock
Kusanthula kwaukadaulo, kutsimikizira kumbuyo, komanso kulosera zamtsogolo zimaphatikizidwa ndi nsanja yodziyimira payokha, yopanda ndale ya MetaStock mwaukadaulo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja, mutha kubwezeretsanso njira yanu pamsika wonse komanso chida china. Imaperekanso mwayi wopanga ndikuyesa njira zanu zotsogola zamalonda, komanso kusankha kuchokera pazomwe zidapangidwa kale.
Komabe, musasangalale kwambiri!
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mufunika chidziwitso chofunikira cholembera ngati mukufuna kupanga mitundu yovuta ya backtesting.
Chifukwa MetaStock imawonetsa deta yobwerera kumbuyo m'njira yosavuta kumva, amalonda amayamikiranso. Mutha kukumba mozama muzogula zilizonse zamapulogalamuwa kapena kugulitsa malonda.
Pochita zimenezi, mukhoza kufufuza zambiri monga kukula kwa malonda, kutalika kwake, phindu ndi kutayika, ndi zina.
Chida cholosera ndi chinthu china chomwe chimakokera amalonda ambiri ku MetaStock. Kuphatikiza ziwerengero ndi masamu kumabweretsa mtambo wowoneka bwino womwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti mudziwe zomwe mukuyimitsa komanso zopindulitsa zomwe mukufuna kuchita bwino.
Zikaphatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwa backtesting, amatha kuwonetsa njira yabwino yopezera phindu kuchokera ku data yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika.
Mawonekedwe a MetaStock ndiowongoka, ngakhale sikungakhale chilungamo kufotokoza kuti ali ndi zokongoletsa zolimba za retro. Pali chabe bwino kwambiri backtesting mapulogalamu kupezeka ngati ndinu okhwima za maonekedwe a pulogalamu ntchito.
TradeStation
TradeStation imadziwika kuti ndi kampani yotsatsa malonda masiku ano yomwe imapereka malonda opanda ntchito. Masheya, ma ETF, mapangano am'tsogolo, zosankha, ma cryptocurrencies, mwagwirizana ndalama, ndi zina zonse zikhoza kugulitsidwa.
Kumbali inayi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapamwamba zoperekedwa ndi nsanja yake yapamwamba ya TradeStation desktop nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika.
Mutha kubwereza, kuyeretsa, ndikusinthiratu njira yanu yogulitsira pamitundu ingapo ndi zinthu zamtsogolo kudzera pa TradeStation. Kuphatikiza apo, nsanjayi ili ndi mbiri yakale yamsika yazaka makumi angapo, kukulolani kuti mupange zitsanzo zodziwika bwino.
Kupanga, kuyesa, ndikukonza njira yanu yogulitsira munthawi yeniyeni popanda kuyika likulu lanu pachiwopsezo, kuphatikiza kuthekera kobweza kumbuyo ndi kuthekera kofananira kochita malonda kumatsimikizira kukhala kofunikira.
Pochita izi, mutha kumasuka ndikutenga nthawi yochuluka momwe mungafunire kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro komanso kukulitsa luso la njira yanu musanayigwiritse ntchito m'dziko lenileni.
Ninja Trader
NinjaTrader ndi njira yopangira malonda ndi ma chart apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe obwerera kumbuyo omwe amamangidwa pachilankhulo cha C #.
Pulatifomu, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri zamalonda am'tsogolo, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokonzekera misika yamoyo ndikuchita malonda ndi chidziwitso chamsika cha akatswiri.
NinjaTrader ndi imodzi mwa mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri obwerera kumbuyo omwe amapezeka pamsika malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Ogwiritsa ntchito nsanja ali ndi mwayi wopeza zakudya zambiri zakale, zida zamakono zopangira ma chart ndi kusanthula, zizindikiro mazanamazana, ndi masauzande azinthu zowonjezera ndi mapulogalamu enanso ambiri.
Opanga nsanja atsimikizira thandizo lopanda malire, mwayi wopitilira kuwongolera ndalama, komanso ma webinars ophunzitsidwa pafupipafupi.
Njira yabwino yogulitsira pa NinjaTrader ikhoza kumangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira yofananira.
Kuphatikiza apo, mumatha kupeza injini yochita bwino kwambiri pophatikiza zinthu zofananira ndi kuthekera kobwerera kumbuyo, zomwe zimakuthandizani kukonza zofooka zonse zapansi zophunzitsira kwaulere.
Pulatifomu ili m'gulu la mapulogalamu apamwamba obwerera kumbuyo omwe alipo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amalonda oyambira komanso odziwa zam'tsogolo. Simudzakhumudwitsidwa ngati mutasankha kutsatira.
Chobweza chake ndikuti layisensi ya NinjaTrader iyenera kugulidwa kuti ilumikizane ndi akaunti yobwereketsa.
MetaTrader 5
Kukhala nsanja yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi mwachilengedwe kumawonjezera udindo wolemekeza magwiridwe antchito a MetaTrader 5.
Ndizotetezeka kunena kuti sizikukukhumudwitsani, ngakhale pali zovuta zazing'ono monga mawonekedwe anthawi ya ogwiritsa ntchito.
Asanakhale amoyo, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kubwereranso ndikuwongolera njira zawo zogulitsira pogwiritsa ntchito luso la Metatrader Trading Strategy Tester. Kuonjezera apo, chida cha forex backtesting MetaTrader 5 chimathandizira kutumizidwa kwa "Katswiri Alangizi," kapena maloboti ogulitsa.
Kwa anthu omwe akuchita nawo malonda akunja, MetaTrader 5 Strategy Tester imathandizira kuyesa machitidwe azamalonda. Mbaliyi imatha kuthana ndi zovuta zamasamu komanso zowerengera.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesera komwe ma feed a data yakale, mitundu yokhathamiritsa magawo, ndi zida zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zotulutsa zimayimiridwa mowoneka bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ma graph, ma chart, ndi mitundu ya 3D, mofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mapulogalamu osanthula deta monga R ndi Python.
Atanena izi, omwe akuyamba kumene kufunafuna chida cham'mbuyo cha forex mwina sangapeze luso loyesa njira la Meta Trader 5 kukhala njira yothandiza kwambiri.
Koma izo zimadalira kudziwa kwanu ndi coding. Kwa ochita malonda omwe angoyamba kumene, kulimba kwa nsanja ndi ntchito zingapo zapamwamba zitha kukhala zolemetsa.
Komabe, mosakayikira ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri ngati mukuyang'ana dongosolo lotsogola kwambiri la mbiri yakale. Gawo labwino kwambiri ndilakuti MT5 imathandizira kupha ma algorithmic ndi makina, kumakupatsani ufulu wathunthu.
Othandizira Othandizira
Othandizira Othandizira imadziwikiratu mbiri yake yabwino komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo ngati imodzi mwamakampani abwino kwambiri ogulitsa.
Gawo lalikulu la msika lidadalira kampaniyo chifukwa inali imodzi mwazoyamba kuyambitsa kuchotsera, mtundu wabizinesi.
Eni maakaunti a Interactive Brokers amapeza mwayi wofikira pafupifupi chilengedwe chonse chandalama, kuphatikiza masheya, ma bond, ETF, zam'tsogolo, zosankha, ndalama zothandizirana, ndi malonda a FX.
Pulatifomuyi ili ndi zida zopitilira 30 zotsogola zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofuna za osewera pamsika.
Chida chapamwamba kwambiri cha Portfolio Builder chimaphatikizapo makina oyambira a Interactive Brokers.
Imapatsa amalonda chilichonse chomwe angafune kuti apange dongosolo loyika ndalama ndikuwunika momwe akuyendera potengera chidziwitso chofunikira, osati kusanthula luso, monga dzina lake lingachitire
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wapamwamba kwambiri komanso zidziwitso zoyambira, kuphatikiza masanjidwe ochokera kwa ogulitsa ogula, owunika, zidziwitso zenizeni zenizeni komanso kutsatsa nkhani, malipoti amasheya, ndi zina zambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ntchito yomanga ndi zida za Interactive Brokers.
Chifukwa cha mwayi wophatikizika wamsika, mutha kuchita malonda amoyo ndikungodina pang'ono mukangosangalala ndi momwe polojekitiyi ikugwirira ntchito panthawi yobwezera.
Microsoft Excel
Excel ilinso ndi kuthekera kobweza kumbuyo. Aka kanali koyamba kuti agulitse zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsanzo zochitira malonda.
Excel backtesting ntchito zimafuna kumvetsetsa kwa VBA. Mwachitsanzo, ma fomula a Excel atha kugwira ntchito ngati mukufuna kuchita zoyambira kapena kubweza ndalama.
Popeza Excel ili ndi maphunziro masauzande ambiri amomwe mungapangire backtesting, ngati mwatsimikiza kuzigwiritsa ntchito, muli ndi zida zonse zofunika kuti mukhale waluso.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuphatikizira njira yotsatsa yochokera ku Excel ndi ma broker ena, monga Interactive Brokers. IB Excel API iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti amalize njira yosavuta.
Kumbali yoyipa, nsanja zomangidwira kubweza kumbuyo ndi kupha anthu okha ndi amphamvu kuposa Excel. Poganizira kuti ichi si cholinga chake chachikulu, ndizomveka. Ngati mulibe luso lofunikira, Excel ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwa njira zabwino zobwereranso kumbuyo kwanu ndipo mosakayikira si njira yabwino kwambiri.
Izi ndichifukwa chazovuta zazing'ono za polojekitiyi komanso nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti ikhazikitsidwe ndikuyenda ngati pulogalamu yobwezera masheya. Komabe, iyi ndi yomwe mungasankhe ngati mukufuna chidziwitso ndi kusanthula kwachikhalidwe chamalonda.
Quantshare
Amalangizidwa kwa akatswiri owerengera omwe amapanga makina okhazikika okhazikika ndikupindula ndi mwayi wopeza malingaliro osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, koma muyenera kudziwa momwe mungalembe.
Monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, QuantShare imagwira ntchito pothandizira akatswiri ofufuza za kuchuluka kuti agawane machitidwe amasheya. Ali ndi msika wamakina okulirapo okhala ndi matani azinthu zoyesedwa, zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyesa zosankha zingapo ngati muli ndi malingaliro opanga mapulogalamu.
Amaperekanso kukhazikitsa kwa Point & Click system. Kuphatikiza kwa AI Optimizer's Artificial Intelligence ndikosangalatsa chifukwa amalola dongosolo kusakaniza malamulo angapo kuti adziwe omwe amathandizirana bwino. Amakhalanso ndi mitundu yolosera yamphamvu ya neural network.
Kutsiliza
Kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikofunikira chifukwa kumakupatsani mwayi wokonza njira yanu poyesa njira zingapo zowongolera zoopsa komanso njira zopezera phindu kuti muwone yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandizira kuzindikira zolakwika za mtundu wanu wamalonda. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuthana ndi zovuta m'malo ophunzitsira ndikuyesa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino popanda kuyika ndalama.
Nthawi zambiri, amalonda ndi openda amakhala ndi chidaliro kuti njira yobwezeretsedwayo ndiyabwino ndipo ikhoza kukhala njira yotheka kupita nayo ngati ipanga zotulukapo zabwino.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira zomwe sizikuyenda bwino panthawi ya backtest zidzapangitsa omwe adawapanga kuwakonzanso kapena kuwasiya kwathunthu.
Siyani Mumakonda