Ngati mwakhala mukuchita nawo ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali, mumadziwa kale mawu akuti dividends.
Koma ngati mwangoyamba kumene kuyikapo ndalama kapena mumadzimva kuti mwathedwa nzeru - ndiye kuti nkhaniyi ndi yanu!
Mu blog iyi, mudziwa zambiri za zopindula ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pokonzekera zachuma. Koma choyamba, kodi phindu ndi chiyani?
Kodi Dividend ndi chiyani?
Gawo la magawo ndi gawo la phindu la kampani kwa omwe ali nawo.
Kampani ikapeza phindu kapena zochulukirapo, bungwe litha kugwiritsa ntchito phindulo kubwezeretsanso bizinesiyo, kugawa kwa omwe ali ndi masheya kudzera mugawo lagawo, kapena kugula magawo akeawo.
A komiti ya oyang'anira kampani amasankha ngati angapereke zopindulitsa komanso nthawi yanji katundu. Bungweli limapanga chigamulochi chifukwa akuchita zinthu zokomera ma sheya, omwe ndi eni ake. Amafuna kuchita zinthu zomwe zingawonjezere mtengo wawo Msungidwe pamapeto pake.
Zogawana zitha kuperekedwa ndalama kapena kugawidwa ngati magawo owonjezera. Malipiro amaperekedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka ndipo amalipidwa kotala imodzi kapena zingapo pambuyo pa tsiku lililonse lolengeza.
Mitundu Yamagawo:
Pali mitundu yambiri yamagawo, koma yodziwika kwambiri ndi gawo la ndalama. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagawo omwe amaperekedwa ndi makampani.
- Magawo a Cash: Zogawana zandalama ndizomwe zimagawika kwambiri ndipo zimaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa omwe ali ndi masheya. Mudzalipidwa ndalama, nthawi zambiri kudzera pakompyuta.
- Magawo a Stock: Magawo amasheya amaperekedwa m'magawo amakampani m'malo mwa ndalama. Mudzalipidwa ngati magawo owonjezera m'malo molipira ndalama.
- Gawo lapadera: Chiwongola dzanja chapadera ndi malipiro owonjezera omwe amaperekedwa kwa eni ake ndi kampani yomwe siili gawo la magawo omwe amagawana nawo. Zopindulitsa zapadera nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwamakampani kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimasintha kawonedwe ka oyang'anira pabizinesiyo.
- Mapulani Obwezeretsanso Dividend (DRIPs): DRIPs ndi mapulogalamu omwe mungathe kubwezanso magawo anu andalama m'magawo ambiri akampani yomwe ikuperekayo.
Kodi deti lagawo lomwe linaperekedwa kale likusiyana bwanji ndi tsiku lolembetsedwa?
Tsiku logawanidwa kale ndi tsiku lolemba ndi masiku awiri omwe ali ofunikira kwa eni ake.
Tsiku lopereka gawo lakale ndi tsiku lomwe kampani yalengeza kuti siperekanso magawo kwa eni ake omwe amagula masheya pambuyo pa tsikulo.
Tsiku lolemba ndi tsiku lomwe bungwe la oyang'anira kampani limakhazikitsa omwe ali ndi masheya panthawi inayake, kotero kuti zolipira zonse zimapita kwa anthu amenewo.
Chisokonezo pakati pa tsiku la mbiri ndi tsiku lachigawidwe chakale ndizofala. Yoyamba imayikidwa ndi kampani, ndipo yotsirizirayi ndi yogulitsa masheya. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali nthawi yothetsa malonda opangidwa pakusinthana.
Chifukwa chiyani mumagula magawo agawo?
Chabwino, pali zopindulitsa zenizeni zokhala ndi magawo m'makampani omwe amakupezerani ndalama ngati omwe akugawana nawo. Kulipira kwagawo kumatha kuwonetsa kampani yathanzi.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa ngati kampani ikuchita bwino, njira imodzi yofulumira ndiyo kuyang'ana malipiro ake ogawa. Ngati kampaniyo ikulipira malipiro, zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi ndalama zokwanira kulipira malipirowo ndikugwirabe ntchito.
Magawo agawidwe atha kukhala njira yabwino yothanirana ndi kusakhazikika kwa msika. Ndalama zowonjezera zingathandize kuthana ndi zotayika zomwe zingatheke panthawi yocheperako kapena kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyikanso mwayi wina.
Magawo ndi njira yabwino yopezera ndalama. Gawo labwino kwambiri la magawo agawidwe ndikuti atha kukupatsani ndalama - ngakhale simukuchita malonda pamsika.
Ngati mumagula magawo amakampani omwe amalipira magawo nthawi zonse ndikusungabe kwazaka zambiri, mutha kuyamba kulipidwa popanda kugwira ntchito iliyonse!
Chifukwa Chake Makampani Amalipira Dividends
Makampani amalipira malipiro chifukwa akufuna kupereka mphoto kwa omwe ali nawo ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kampaniyo. Magawo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chilimbikitso kwa osunga ndalama kuti agwiritse ntchito magawo, m'malo mowagulitsa pamsika.
Kulipira kwa magawo agawo kungathandizenso kuchepetsa mtengo wolipirira ntchito ndi ntchito za kampani.
Makampani akamapereka malipiro, amapereka ndalama zomwe zikanagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Komabe, zopindula zingathandize kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kazachuma kakampani powonjezera mtengo wagawo ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokopa kwa osunga ndalama.
Makampani atha kuwonjezera malipiro awo agawidwe ngati phindu lawo likukula kapena ngati mtengo wagawo ukukwera kwambiri.
Momwe mungawunikire ma Dividends?
Powunika gawo lagawo, chinthu choyamba choyenera kuganizira ndi momwe zimakhalira zokhazikika. Makampani omwe amapereka malipiro osasinthasintha pakapita nthawi amatha kuchita izi chifukwa ali ndi bizinesi yokhazikika ndipo amatha kupanga ndalama zokwanira zothandizira malipirowo.
Nthawi zambiri, phindu likamakhala lalitali, katunduyo amakhala wamtengo wapatali. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungayesere zopindula.
- Chiŵerengero cha magawo agawidwe: Chiŵerengerochi chimayesa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe kampani ili nayo pambuyo pa zowononga ndi kulipira chiwongola dzanja. Zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zopindula pagawo lililonse (EPS) zomwe zikuperekedwa ngati magawo. Kukwera kwachiwerengerochi kumakhala, momwe gawoli likuwonekera kukhala lotetezeka.
- Chiŵerengero cha malipiro: Izi zikufanizira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zinaperekedwa muzopindula m'chaka chimodzi kuyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zidabwezeredwa m'ntchito kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina monga kugulidwanso kapena kugulidwa. Kuchuluka kwa malipiro kumatanthawuza kuti zopindula zambiri zikuperekedwa m'magulu opindula kusiyana ndi kubwezeredwa kuntchito kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Chiwerengerochi chikakhala chokwera, m'pamenenso kampaniyo idzavutikira kupereka zopindulitsa zamtsogolo.
- Kukula kwa Gawo: Chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa magawo chikuwonetsa momwe kampani imakulitsira mwachangu malipiro ake pakapita nthawi. Wopereka magawo omwe akukula amatsimikizira osunga ndalama kuti azitha kudalira ndalama zomwe amapeza pobweza ndalama zawo.
- Dzipatuleni Zokolola zamagulu amawerengedwa pogawa magawo a pachaka pagawo ndi mtengo wamakono wa masheya. Mwachitsanzo, ngati katundu ali ndi gawo la pachaka la Rs 2 pagawo ndipo mtengo wake ndi Rs 40 pagawo, ndiye kuti zokolola zake zidzakhala 5%. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola zamagulu, kumakhala bwino, chifukwa zimasonyeza kuti osunga ndalama akulipidwa chifukwa cha chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi katundu woperekedwa. Nthawi zina, makampani omwe amapereka zopindulitsa zazikulu mwina sakukula mabizinesi awo mwachangu kapena kutulutsa ndalama zokwanira kuti asunge zopindulazo pakapita nthawi. Izi zitha kukhala mbendera yofiyira kwa osunga ndalama omwe akufuna makampani omwe angapereke mwayi wopitilira kukula popanda kupereka ndalama zomwe zikubwera.
Msonkho Wandalama pa Zopeza Zagawidwe ku India
Magawo ndi gawo la ndalama zomwe munthu kapena kampani amapeza. Ngati kampani ipereka malipiro kwa omwe ali nawo, ndiye kuti omwe ali ndi masheya ayenera kulipira msonkho. Kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe alandilidwa ndi wogawana nawo amawonjezedwa ku ndalama zonse zomwe amapeza ndikulipidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Malinga ndi Finance Act, 2020, ngati mutalandira zopindula kuchokera ku kampani yaku India kapena a ndalama zonse Kupitilira Rs 5,000 pachaka, kampaniyo imachotsa msonkho pa 10%.
Kuchuluka kwa msonkho wochotsedwa kudzawonetsedwa pa satifiketi yanu yagawo, ndipo ngongole ya ndalamayi idzaperekedwa kwa inu mukamaliza kubweza msonkho wanu. Muyenera kulipira misonkho pambuyo pake malinga ndi zomwe mumapeza m'chaka chachuma chimenecho mukapereka msonkho wanu.
Mwachidule, pali zifukwa zambiri zokhalira ndi chiyembekezo komanso okondwa pakuyika ndalama zamagulu, makamaka popeza ukadaulo ukupitiliza kupangitsa kuti ndalamazi zikhale zosavuta komanso zopezeka.
Ngakhale mukuyenera kukhala okonzeka kuchita nawo kafukufuku ndikuphunzira pang'ono za msika, sizovuta kuti muyambe. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi njira zopezera ndalama komanso kukulitsa chuma kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'ana.
Osachepera, kuwunikanso mndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa kuyenera kukupatsani lingaliro labwino la zomwe magawo agawidwe ali, momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndipo ndi ati omwe atha kukhala zolinga zopezera ndalama kwa inu.
Siyani Mumakonda