Pamene tikulowa mubizinesi yachitetezo❶ yomwe imakhala ndi chiwopsezo chocheperako, timaganizira za ma bond ndi ndalama zophatikizidwa. Ndalama zophatikizidwa kwenikweni ndi ndalama zapayekha zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pagulu. Tiyeni tiwone magulu awiri ofunikira a ndalama zogulitsa lero - Bond ndi ETFs kapena Exchange Traded Funds.
Ma bond amagwera pansi pa zisungiko za ndalama zokhazikika❷ pomwe ma ETF amatha kukhala ndi ndalama zophatikizidwa, ndalama zangongole➌ komanso zitha kuganiziridwa kuti ndi zotetezedwa zokhazikika malinga ndi gulu lawo.
Mutha kudziwa bwino mawu oti ma bond, ndipo ngati muli ndi ndalama zambiri, mutha kukhala mutagulitsa ma ETFs, kapena mwamvapo za iwo. Tiyeni tiwone m'nkhaniyi ubwino woyika ndalama mu bond motsutsana ndi ubwino woyika ndalama mu ETFs. Tikambirananso za kuopsa ndi kuipa kwa mtundu uliwonse wa ndalama.
Komabe, tisanayike Bonds motsutsana ndi ETFs, tiyeni timvetsetse mawuwa mozama.
Chidziwitso: Pamapeto pake, mupeza tsatanetsatane wa mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito m'nkhaniyi. Mawuwa aphatikizidwa kuti akuthandizeni kuwerenga mosavuta komanso kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa mawu azachuma omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.
nsinga
Bond ndi ngongole yomwe imaperekedwa ku boma kapena bungwe labizinesi m'malo mwa chiwongola dzanja chomwe chimaperekedwa kawiri pachaka kapena pachaka. Mukagula bondi ya kampani yaboma kapena yachinsinsi, mukubwereketsa ndalama kukampaniyo. Nthawi zambiri, makampani amabwereka kuti apititse patsogolo bizinesi yawo. Boma ndi mabungwe aboma monga a Municipality atha kubwereketsa malinga ndi ma bond kuti amange misewu ndi masukulu.
Mukagula ma bond, ndinu Investor kukampani koma mulibe gawo la kampani monga momwe ma share➍ -amene amachitira. Eni ma bond ndi angongole ndipo alibe chonena kapena mangawa ku bungwe lobwereka.
Pakukula kwa bondi, mumalipidwa ndalama zoyambira. Chiwongola dzanja chomwe mukuyenera kulipidwa munthawi yowerengeredwa, nthawi zambiri kawiri pachaka.
Palibe kusinthanitsa➎ msika kapena malo apakati ogulitsira malonda. Ma bond amagulitsidwa kwambiri pa kauntala komanso kudzera mwa ogulitsa ma bond. Ma bond amathanso kugulitsidwa mwachinsinsi pakati pa wobwereka ndi wobwereketsa.
Msika wama bond, ngakhale wamwazikana, ndi waukulu padziko lonse lapansi. Ku India, msika wama bond ukukula kwambiri ndipo wakula kwambiri pazaka 5 zapitazi.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma bond, koma titha kuwagawa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
Ndalama Zaboma : Mabondi otulutsidwa ndi Boma Lapakati ndi Boma, Akuluakulu a Municipal and Public Sector Company amakhala pansi pa Bond Bond. Zomangira izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa Treasury Bonds.
Ndalama Zamalonda : Ma bond awa amaperekedwa ndi makampani apadera kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.
ETFs
ETFs kapena Exchange Traded Funds, mosiyana ndi ma bond, amagulitsidwa posinthanitsa. ETFs ndi gulu la zotetezedwa zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pamodzi kuti zigulitse. Ma ETF, monga masheya, amatha kugulitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Njira yabwino yomvetsetsa ma ETF ndikuganizira zamagulu ambiri➎ kapena ma bond ochokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana omwe amagulitsidwa onse.
Ma ETF amatha kukhala ndi ma bond kapena masheya a gawo limodzi lamakampani, monga IT, kapena akhoza kukhala ma bond / stocks amakampani osiyanasiyana.
Njira yabwinoko yomvetsetsa ma ETF ingakhale kuwafanizira ndi ndalama zogawana➏ . Zowonadi, ma mutual funds ndi ma ETF amagawana zinthu zingapo. Tiyeni tione.
- Ma ETF ndi Mutual Funds ndi njira zabwino zopezera ndalama kwa osunga ndalama omwe sakufuna kuchita nawo tsiku ndi tsiku kusanthula msika ndi zochitika.
- Ma ETFs ndi Mutual Funds amayang'ana kwambiri njira zomwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama monga momwe amapangira ndalama m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kapena makampani osiyanasiyana amakampani omwewo.
- Ma ETF onse ndi ndalama zogwirizanitsa zimagulitsidwa posinthana.
- Zonsezi zimayendetsedwa ndi oyang'anira ndalama kapena ma broker.
Ma ETF ku India, ali m'magulu awa:
Mgwirizano ETFs
Ma ETF a Bond akhoza kukhala ndi maboma aboma kapena mabungwe kapena onse awiri.
Index ETFs
Index ETFs ili ndi masheya amakampani osiyanasiyana.
Sector ETFs
Sector ETFs ili ndi masheya amakampani ochokera kugawo linalake.
Golide ETF
Ma ETF a golide amagulitsa pamsika wa golide wochuluka. Golide wa Bullion amakumbidwa golide yemwe ndi 99.5% wangwiro. Mitengo ya golide wa bullion imakwera ndikutsika ndi mtengo wagolide weniweni. Mtengo wa Gold ETFs umatengera kukwera ndi kugwa kwa bullion, komanso mosalunjika pamsika wa golide weniweni.
Mabanki ETFs
Ma ETF a banki ali ndi masheya a mabanki.
International ETFs
Ma ETF apadziko lonse lapansi amaika ndalama m'masheya ndi ma bond amakampani akunja.
Kodi mukufuna kugula ma SOVEREIGN GOLD BOND? Werengani nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Ndiye muyenera kuyika pati - Bond kapena ETFs?
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane funso lalikulu - kodi muyenera kuyikapo ndalama pati? Ma Bond kapena ETFs? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli mwachilungamo, tiyeni tione ubwino ndi kuipa kwa aliyense.
Ubwino wa Investment mu Bond
- Mabondi ndi ngongole zomwe zimaperekedwa kumakampani, ndipo mumapeza zokonda nthawi ndi nthawi pa ngongolezo. Mbali imeneyi ya ma bond imapangitsa kuti ikhale yochepa kusiyana ndi masheya.
- Zomangira ndizopindulitsa pazifupi komanso zapakati. Ma bond ndi opindulitsanso chifukwa chakuti ndi ngongole, mumabweza ndalama zonse pambuyo pa zaka zoikika. Ngati muli ndi chandamale chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zanu pazaka ziwiri, ndi bwino kuyika ndalama m'ma bond kusiyana ndi kusungitsa ndalama kubanki, chifukwa chiwongola dzanja cha bond chidzakwera.
- Ndalama za bond ndizopindulitsa makamaka kwa okalamba chifukwa pali chitsimikizo cha kubwereranso kwa ndalama zazikulu.
- Kukhala ndi ma bond mu mbiri yanu yoyika ndalama❼ kumachepetsa zovuta zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamitengo.
Ubwino wa Investment mu ETFs
- Ndi ma ETF, mutha kugulitsa masheya, golide, ma bond ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitetezo chokhala ndi (mofanana) ndi chiopsezo chocheperako.
- Ma ETF amagulitsidwa pakusinthana, chifukwa chake pali ndalama zambiri➑ zolumikizidwa ndi ma ETF. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma ETF amatha kugulitsidwa tsiku lonse ndipo akhoza kugulitsidwa mwachidule➒ .
- Mitengo ya broker ya ETF ndiyocheperako, chifukwa imayendetsedwa mosasamala. Kasamalidwe kazinthu zotetezedwa kumatanthauza kuti palibe kasamalidwe kogwira ntchito (ndi manejala) pomwe zotetezedwa zimayikamo. Mu ndalama za ETF zomwe zimayikidwa, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa zimayikidwa m'magawo onse amakampani onse omwe ali mugulu la ETF.
- Ma ETF ndi okonda misonkho chifukwa amakonda kuzindikira➓ kupindula pang'ono kwa capital capital❶❶ . Ma ETF ambiri omwe amagulitsa ndi kugula amawombola mwachifundo❶❷ , ndipo samalipira msonkho.
Kuipa kwa Bond
- Kusakhazikika kwa Msika ❶ ➌ : Chiwongola dzanja cha bondi chimadalira kusinthasintha kwa msika. Kwa ma bondi akanthawi kochepa, kusinthasintha kwa chiwongoladzanja sikumapereka phindu lalikulu, chifukwa chiwongola dzanja chimasinthasintha.
- Chiwopsezo Cha Ngongole : Nthawi zina makampani amakumana ndi vuto la ndalama, ndipo amatha kulipira chiwongola dzanja. M'mikhalidwe yoyipa kwambiri, makampani sangathe kulipira ndalama yayikulu.
Zoyipa za ETFs
- Kuonjezera Ndalama Zamalonda : Kugulitsa pafupipafupi ma ETF pakuchita malonda masana kumabweretsa chiwongola dzanja chokwera. Onjezani kuti komiti yogulitsa malonda pakugulitsa kulikonse komanso mtengo wowongolera ma ETF amakwera kwambiri.
Komanso, masheya amakampani osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi chindapusa chosiyana, kotero munthu sangakhale wotsimikiza kuti akuwononga ndalama zingati m'dzina la Commission pomwe akugulitsa masheya a ETF. - Kusakhazikika kwa Msika : Ngakhale kuti ndi okhazikika poyerekeza ndi ma bond ndi masheya, ma ETF nawonso amatha kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha kwa msika. Mwachitsanzo, ma ETF a Golide amawonetsa kusakhazikika kwa msika wa golide weniweni.
ETFs vs. Mabondi
Titha kufananiza ma Bond ndi ETF pazigawo zotsatirazi tisanatsitse chomwe chili chida chabwino kwambiri chogulitsira.
osiyana
Diversification imatanthauza kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha ndalama popereka ndalama kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera ndalama. Pankhani ya kusiyanasiyana, ma ETF amapereka ndalama zochulukirapo monga masheya / ma bond amakampani ambiri, ndipo mafakitale ambiri amatha kuyikidwapo.
Chiwopsezo Cha Ngongole
Ngakhale kuti Ma Bond ndi ETF ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha ngongole kusiyana ndi masheya, chiopsezo cha bond ndi chachikulu poyerekeza ndi ETFs.Kusiyanasiyana kwa ETFs kumapangitsa kuti kusakhale kovuta kwambiri kugwa mwadzidzidzi kwa ngongole. Masheya ena kapena ma bond akagwa, ena amakhala akulipirabe chiwongola dzanja kapena malipiro.
Malipiro a Commission ndi Broker
Ma bond amayendetsedwa mwachangu kapena mosasamala kutengera momwe mukufuna kuti broker kapena manejala wanu azisamalira ma bond. Ma ETF nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa mosasamala. Ndi ma ETF, pakhoza kukhala ma komishoni osiyanasiyana omwe amaphatikizidwa kumasheya / ma bond osiyanasiyana ngati malonda akugwira ntchito tsiku lililonse. Ndi ma bond ndi ma ETF onse, ndalama zomwe zimalipidwa zitha kuwongoleredwa ngati mutafufuza pang'ono musanayike ndalama, ndikuyang'ana zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kuti muwonjezere ndalama zogulira ndi kugulitsa.
Ndalama Zokhazikika komanso Zosintha
Bond amapereka chiwongola dzanja kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Ma ETF ena amapereka malipiro, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa poyerekeza ndi masheya. Komanso, ma bond amakhwima ndikubweza ndalama zoyambira. Ma ETF ambiri samakula, ndipo simungathe kubweza ndalama zanu zazikulu ngati simugulitsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zosankha Zamalonda
Ma ETF amatha kugulitsidwa kudzera muakaunti yanu yanthawi zonse ya Demat. Mitengo ya ma ETF imawonetsedwanso poyera posinthanitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malonda aziwoneka bwino. Ma bond amagulidwa kudzera mwa ma broker, ndipo pali mwayi wogula kusiyana kwamitengo kuchokera kwa broker kupita kwa broker.
Tiyeni tilingalirenso mutu wa Bonds ETFs vs Bond tisanafike pamfundo yotsimikizika:
- Ma Bond ETF amaphatikiza zomangira zamakampani osiyanasiyana kapena gawo linalake. Bond ndi kampani imodzi yokha. Pankhani ya kusiyanasiyana, ma ETF a Bond amapeza bwino kuposa ma bond.
- Ma Bond amakula pakapita nthawi koma ma ETF a Bond nthawi zambiri samakhwima. Izi zimapangitsa ma bond kukhala abwino kwa ndalama zazifupi komanso zapakati.
- Ma bond amalipira chiwongola dzanja pachaka kapena kawiri pachaka. Ndi ma ETF a Bond, popeza pali gulu la ma bond, mumapeza zokonda zimalipidwa pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse.
- Mitengo ya Bond ETF ndiyowoneka bwino kwambiri monga ikuwonetsedwa pakusinthana. Ma Bond ETF amatha kugulitsidwa masana malonda ngati masheya.
- Ma Bond ETF amatha kuyendetsedwa pa intaneti kudzera mu akaunti yanu ya Demat. Kwa ma bond amakampani pawokha, mumafunika broker wanu kuti akugulitseni kapena kugula ma bondi owonjezera.
Chigamulo chathu pa Investment mu Bonds ndi ETFs
Titha kunena mosabisa kuti ma Bond ndi ETF ali ndi malo ake pazachuma.
Tikukulangizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma ETF ngati muli:
- woyamba, ndikuyang'ana ndalama zopanda chiopsezo.
- kukonzekera ndalama zanthawi yayitali.
- kufunafuna njira yanthawi zonse yopezera ndalama mwachiwongola dzanja.
- kuyang'ana kuchepetsa ndalama zokhudzana ndi ndalama monga brokerage ndi commission.
- ndikufuna kuyamba ndi ndalama zocheperako pakuyika ndalama muchitetezo.
Ma bond ndi abwino kwa inu ngati muli:
- kufunafuna ndalama zazifupi zokhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera kuposa mabanki.
- dziwani msika wa bond pang'ono, ndipo mwachita kafukufuku wanu musanagule.
- okonzeka kutenga nawo mbali pakupeza mgwirizano woyenera pogula ma bond popeza mitengo imasiyanasiyana pamsika wama bondi.
- okonzeka kuyika ndalama zambiri pamsika wachitetezo.
Muyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale zilibe chiopsezo, ma bond ndi ma ETF sakhala ndi vuto la msika kwathunthu.
Chiwongola dzanja chochepa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone momwe ndalama zanu zakhalira komanso ndalama za ETF zingakuthandizireni kubweretsa phindu pazachuma.
BUKHU LOPHUNZITSIRA LA MAWU OGWIRITSA NTCHITO
❶ Zitetezo : Zitetezo ndi zida zandalama zomwe zitha kugulitsidwa ndi mtengo wandalama.
❷ Ndalama Zokhazikika : Ndalama zokhazikika ndi ngongole zomwe zimalipira ndalama zokhazikika monga chiwongola dzanja.
➌ Ngongole za Ngongole : Ngongole ndi ndalama zoyikapo ndalama zomwe zimayika ndalama zokhazikika ngati ndalama zawo zazikulu.
➍ Magawo ndi Masheya : Sitoko ndi chitetezo chomwe chimayimira gawo la umwini wa kampani imodzi kapena zingapo. Masheya ndi masheya ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana, pomwe masheya amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira wamba. Mwachitsanzo : Nditha kukhala ndi masheya m'gulu langa landalama, ndipo ndili ndi magawo a ABC Pvt. Ltd. Gawo limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kunena zachitetezo cha kampani inayake. Stock imadziwikanso kuti equity.
➎ Kusinthana : Kusinthana ndi msika wapakati wogula ndi kugulitsa zida zandalama monga masheya ndi Ndalama Zogulitsa Zogulitsa.
➏ Mutual Funds : Mutual Funds ndi mtundu wa ndalama zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pomwe osunga ndalama amaphatikizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zosiyanasiyana monga ETFS, masheya kapena ma bond. Mutual Funds imayendetsedwa bwino ndi akatswiri.
❼ Investment Portfolio : Katundu wanu wonse kapena zotetezedwa zimapanga mbiri yanu yogulitsa. Monga momwe mbiri yanu yantchito imasonyezera zomwe mwakumana nazo pa ntchito, mbiri yanu yogulitsa ndalama imawonetsa chuma chanu. Monga mbiri yantchito, mbiri yanu yoyika ndalama imakhala yabwino kwambiri ikasiyanasiyana, ndipo ikuwonetsa zotulukapo zabwino.
➑ Liquidity : M'zachuma, ndalama zapamadzi ndizosavuta kugulitsa masheya pandalama popanda kuluza.
➒ Kugulitsa Mwachidule : Kugulitsa mwachidule ndi njira yopezera ndalama momwe mumagulitsa masheya mukuyembekezera kutsika kwamitengo, ndikungowagulanso pamtengo wotsika. Lingaliro ndi kupanga phindu pogulanso pamitengo yotsika.
➓ Zindikirani : Zotetezedwa kapena masheya "amazindikira" zikagulitsidwa pamsika. Zotetezedwa zomwe zakwaniritsidwa zimakhudza dongosolo lamisonkho la Investor. Zitetezo zitha kugulitsidwa ngati phindu kapena kutayika.
❶❶ Kupindula Kwachuma : Zitetezo zikagulitsidwa pamtengo wapamwamba kuposa mtengo wawo wogula, zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu.
❶❷ Kuwombola Mwamtundu : Kuwombola kwamtundu wina kumachitika mukalipira masheya atsopano malinga ndi zitetezo zina m'malo mwa ndalama.
❶➌ Kusasunthika Kwamsika : Kusakhazikika kwa msika kumatanthauza kusatsimikizika kokhudzana ndi mtengo wokwera ndi wotsika wa zotetezedwa monga ma ETF, masheya ndi ma bond.
Siyani Mumakonda