Zotetezedwa zaboma, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti G-Secs, ndi njira yotchuka yopangira ndalama ku India. Zotetezedwa izi zimatchuka chifukwa cha chiopsezo chochepa komanso kubweza kosasunthika.
Amaperekedwa ndi Boma la India kuti alipire ndalama zomwe amawononga ndi kubwereketsa ndipo amathandizidwa ndi chikhulupiriro chonse ndi ngongole ya boma.
Nkhaniyi ipereka chiwongolero chatsatane-tsatane pakugula zitetezo za boma ku India. Ndifotokoza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya G-Secs yomwe ilipo, njira zoyenera kuzigula, komanso njira yogulira ndi kugulitsa G-Secs.
Kaya ndinu Investor wokhazikika kapena wongoyamba kumene, bukhuli likuthandizani kumvetsetsa makina oyika ndalama mu G-Secs ndikupanga zisankho mwanzeru. Tiyeni tiyambe.
Kodi Chitetezo cha Boma ndi chiyani?
Zotetezedwa zaboma, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti G-Secs, ndi ma bond omwe amaperekedwa ndi Boma la India kuti alipire ndalama zomwe amawononga komanso kubwereketsa. Amaonedwa ngati njira yabwino yopezera ndalama chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chonse komanso ngongole ya boma lomwe limawathandizira.
G-Secs imakupatsani chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika ndipo imaperekedwa ndi kukhwima kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka makumi angapo. Zitha kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe akuthupi kapena odetsedwa (demat) ndipo amagulitsidwa pamsika wachiwiri kudzera kusinthanitsa kwamasheya kapena njira zapa-the-counter (OTC).
Kodi Mawonekedwe a G-Secs ndi ati?
Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za G-Secs ku India ndi izi:
- Mlingo wokhazikika wobwerera: G-Secs imapereka chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika, chomwe chimalipidwa pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, pachaka, theka la pachaka, kapena kotala) mpaka bondiyo itakhwima.
- Ngozi yaing'ono: G-Secs ndi ndalama zotetezeka chifukwa boma limathandizira zotetezedwa izi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali chiopsezo chochepa cha kusakhulupirika kapena kusabwezera.
- Liquidity: G-Secs ndi zamadzimadzi kwambiri ndipo zimagulidwa ndikugulitsidwa mosavuta pamsika wachiwiri.
- osiyana: G-Secs imatha kusiyanitsa mbiri ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chonse.
Mitundu Yachitetezo cha Boma ku India
Reserve Bank of India imapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitetezo; Mitundu yayikulu ya G-Secs ndi:
- Ngongole Zachuma: Izi ndi zida zangongole zazing'ono zoperekedwa ndi boma kwa masiku 91, 182, ndi 364. Amaperekedwa pamtengo wotsika mtengo wake ndipo amawomboledwa pamtengo wamtengo wapatali akakhwima. Ndalama za Treasury zimatengedwa ngati zida zopanda chiwopsezo pomwe boma limapereka.
- Zotetezedwa zamasiku: Izi ndi zida zangongole zanthawi yayitali zoperekedwa ndi boma kwa zaka zoyambira 2 mpaka 30. Amalipira chiwongola dzanja kwa mwiniwakeyo pakapita nthawi ndipo amawomboledwa pamtengo wokwanira akakhwima.
- Ngongole zachitukuko cha boma: Izi ndi zitetezo za ngongole zomwe maboma amaperekedwa kuti azipereka ndalama zothandizira zomangamanga ndi ntchito zachitukuko. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa zaka zoyambira 5 mpaka 15.
Kupatula izi, boma limaperekanso mitundu ina yachitetezo: CMBs, TIPS, Zero-Coupon Bond, Capital Indexed Bond, Floating Rate Bond, etc.
Zonsezi za G-Secs zalembedwa m'malo ogulitsa masheya ndipo zitha kugulidwa ndikugulitsidwa ndi osunga ndalama. Amaonedwa kuti ndi njira zotetezeka zogulira ndalama monga momwe boma limawaperekera, koma amakhalanso ndi zobweza zochepa kuposa zotetezedwa zina, monga ma corporate bond.
Zofunikira Zoyenera Pachitetezo cha Boma ku India
Njira zoyenereza kutenga nawo gawo pazogulitsa ndikugula ma G-Secs ndi motere:
- Age: Palibe malire a zaka zogulira G-Secs.
- Ndalama: Palibe phindu lopeza ndalama pogula G-Secs.
- Ufulu: Nzika zaku India komanso Amwenye omwe si okhalamo (NRIs) amatha kugula G-Secs. Komabe, ma NRI akuyenera kutsatira lamulo la India la Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) ndi malamulo ena oyendetsera ndalama.
Kuti mutenge nawo gawo pakugulitsako ndikugula ma G-Secs, inu kapena bungwe lililonse muyenera kukhala ndi akaunti yotsitsa. Muyenera kukhala ndi akaunti yogulitsa yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi broker wolembetsedwa wa SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) kapena wotenga nawo gawo.
Njira yogulitsira malonda a G-Secs imachitika kudzera mu Negotiated Dealing System (NDS) ndi nsanja ya Reporting Schemes (R-PIS), nsanja zamagetsi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi RBI.
Muyeneranso kuzindikira kuti zoyenereza kugula G-Secs zitha kusiyanasiyana kutengera chitetezo chomwe chikuperekedwa komanso zomwe mukugulitsa. Nthawi zonse ndibwino kukaonana ndi mlangizi wazachuma kapena RBI kuti mumve zambiri pazofunikira pakugula G-Secs.
Chitsogozo cha Gawo ndi Gawo Kuti Mugule Zotetezedwa Zaboma ku India
Njira yogulira G-Secs imaphatikizapo izi:
1. Tsegulani Akaunti ya Demat
Akaunti ya dema ikufunika kuti mukhale ndi G-Secs pakompyuta. Kuti mutsegule akaunti ya depository, muyenera kupita kwa Depository Participant (DP). Iyenera kulembetsedwa ndi National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) kapena Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).
Muyenera kulemba fomu yofunsira ndikutumiza zikalata zofunika, monga umboni wa ID, umboni wa adilesi, ndi khadi ya PAN.
2. Sankhani Broker
Kuti mutenge nawo gawo pa malonda a G-Sec, muyenera kusankha wolembetsa wolembetsa wa SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) yemwe ali membala wa NDS (Negotiated Dealing System) ndi R-PIS (Njira Yofotokozera za Ndalama Zopeza) .
Mutha kusankha broker kutengera mbiri yawo, chindapusa, ndi ntchito zamakasitomala.
3. Ikani Dongosolo
Kuti muyitanitsa ma G-Secs, muyenera kutsatira njira zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi broker wanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kudzaza fomu yapaintaneti ndi zambiri monga mtundu wachitetezo chomwe mukufuna kugula, kuchuluka kwake, ndi mtengo womwe mukufuna kulipira. Wogulitsayo adzapereka ndalama zanu kudzera pa NDS kapena R-PIS nsanja.
4. Dikirani Kugulitsa
RBI imachita malonda a G-Sec pafupipafupi ndikulengeza tsatanetsatane wa zotetezedwa zomwe zikuperekedwa komanso ndondomeko yogulitsira pasadakhale. Mutha kuyang'ana ndandanda ndikuchita nawo malonda pogulitsa malonda anu kudzera mwa broker wanu.
5. Landirani Zotetezedwa
Ngati kutsatsa kwanu kukuyenda bwino, zitetezo zidzatumizidwa ku akaunti yanu yobwereketsa patsiku lomwe mwabweza, nthawi zambiri patatha masiku awiri abizinesi mutagulitsa. Ngati kutsatsa kwanu sikunapambane, ndalama zanu zidzabwezedwa kwa inu.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito Zerodha monga broker wanu, nayi momwe mungagulire G-Secs:
- Choyamba, muyenera kuwona ngati RBI yayambitsa malonda omwe mukufuna kutenga nawo gawo.
- Mukatsimikiza, pitani ku Coin Web ndipo lowani pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zanu za Kite.
- Pa dashboard, muwona "Boma la Boma" ndikudina pa izo.
- Pansi pa mtundu uliwonse, mudzawona mindandanda yazotsatsa zingapo zikatsegulidwa.
- Pakadali pano, palibe ma bond kapena zotetezedwa zomwe zimagulidwa kuchokera ku RBI.
- Mutha kudina "Dinani apa" kuti muwone ngati zotetezedwa zidzatsegukira kuti mugulitse.
- Maoda akakhala amoyo, mutha kusankha G-Sec yomwe mukufuna kuyikamo ndikudina "Place Order"
Chithunzi cha ngongole: Twitter Zerodha
- Kenako sankhani kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi omwe mukufuna kugula.
- Dinani pa "Tsimikizani" kuti mumalize kuyitanitsa
Chitsogozo cha Gawo ndi Gawo Kuti Mugulitse Zotetezedwa Zaboma ku India
Njira yogulitsa G-Secs ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi njira yogulira, ndi zosintha zazing'ono mukafika pamalo ogulitsa. Tiyeni tiwone:
1. Ikani Dongosolo
Kuti mugulitse G-Secs, muyenera kutsatira njira zomwe zafotokozedwera ndi broker wanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kudzaza fomu yapaintaneti ndi zambiri monga mtundu wachitetezo chomwe mukufuna kugulitsa, kuchuluka kwake, ndi mtengo womwe mungavomereze.
Wogulitsayo adzapereka mwayi wanu kudzera pa NDS kapena R-PIS nsanja.
2. Dikirani Wogula
G-Secs ipezeka kuti igulidwe ndi osunga ndalama ena kudzera pa NDS kapena R-PIS nsanja. Ngati wogula apezeka, zitetezo zidzasamutsidwa ku akaunti ya wogulayo pa tsiku lomaliza, makamaka patatha masiku awiri abizinesi mutagulitsa.
3. Landirani Malipiro
Zotetezedwa zikasamutsidwa, mudzalandira malipiro pakugulitsa. Ndalamazo zidzatumizidwa ku akaunti yanu yakubanki kapena kupangidwa kudzera mu cheke, malingana ndi zomwe mwagulitsa komanso ndondomeko za broker wanu.
Ndiroleni ndikupatseni chitsanzo cha momwe mungagulitsire G-secs ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito Zerodha ngati broker wanu:
- Pitani ku anu Zerodha kukhala ndi akaunti; mukhoza dinani apa.
- Sankhani ma G-secs omwe mukufuna kugulitsa, dinani "Zosankha", kenako dinani "Tulukani"
- Tsopano sankhani malire, ndikuyika mtengo womwe mukufuna kugulitsa.
- Dinani pa "Sell" kuti mugulitse zomwe mwasunga.
Zowopsa ndi Kubweza kwa Chitetezo cha Boma ku India
Zowopsa za Chitetezo cha Boma ku India
Zowopsa zomwe zingachitike pakuyika ndalama mu G-Secs ku India ndi izi:
- Chiwopsezo cha ngongole: Boma likukumana ndi mavuto azachuma nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma, sichingalephere kulipira nthawi yake ndi chiwongola dzanja pa zotetezedwa. Komabe, chiwopsezochi nthawi zambiri chimawonedwa ngati chochepa pa G-Secs yoperekedwa ndi boma la India makamaka. Chifukwa ife, monga dziko, tili ndi mbiri yabwino yolipira ngongole zathu munthawi yake.
- Chiwopsezo cha chiwongola dzanja: G-Secs imakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja. Ngati chiwongola dzanja chikukwera, mtengo wa G-Secs womwe ulipo wokhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chochepa ukhoza kutsika. Izi zitha kubweretsa kutayika kwachuma kwa Investor. Kumbali ina, ngati chiwongola dzanja chikutsika, mtengo wa G-Secs wokhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera ukhoza kukwera, ndikupereka chiwongola dzanja. phindu.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa inflation: G-Secs nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika. Choncho, boma likhoza kuwononga mtengo wa ndalama zomwe mumapeza kudzera mu chiwongoladzanja pakapita nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chiwongola dzanja chili chokwera kuposa chiwongola dzanja cha G-Sec, mtengo wa chiwongola dzanja pakugula ukhoza kutsika pakapita nthawi.
Kubweza kwa Chitetezo cha Boma ku India
Kubweza komwe kungabwere pakuyika ndalama mu G-Secs ku India ndikuphatikiza izi:
- Ndalama zokhazikika: G-Secs nthawi zambiri imapereka chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika, chomwe chimalipidwa kwa Investor pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, pamwezi, kotala, kapena pachaka). Izi zitha kupereka ndalama zokhazikika kwa osunga ndalama.
- Kuyamikira kwakukulu: Mtengo wa G-Secs ukhoza kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja kapena kufunikira kwa msika pazitetezo. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuyamikira kwa capital kwa Investor.
- Safety: Monga tanena kale, G-Secs nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi ndalama zotetezeka chifukwa imaperekedwa ndi boma la India, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zotolera misonkho ndi ndalama zina kuti alipire nthawi yake yayikulu ndi chiwongola dzanja.
Kutsiliza
G-Secs, kapena chitetezo cha boma, ndi zida zangongole zomwe boma limapereka kuti lipeze ndalama pazolinga zosiyanasiyana. G-secs ndi otetezeka chifukwa boma limatha kutolera misonkho ndi ndalama zina mosasamala kanthu za chuma. Izi zimalola boma kuti lipereke malipiro anthawi yake a wamkulu ndi chiwongola dzanja kwa omwe ali ndi zitetezo.
Zowopsa zomwe zingachitike pakuyika ndalama mu G-Secs zikuphatikiza chiwopsezo cha ngongole, chiwopsezo cha chiwongola dzanja, komanso chiwopsezo cha kukwera kwa mitengo. Komabe, kubweza komwe kungabwere pakuyika ndalama mu G-Secs kumaphatikizapo ndalama zomwe amapeza nthawi zonse, kuyamikira kwakukulu, komanso chitetezo.
Musanasankhe, muyenera kuganizira mozama za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike komanso kubweza kwa ndalama mu G-Secs. G-Secs ikhoza kukhala ndalama zabwino ngati mukufuna ndalama zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika kapena mukufuna kusunga mphamvu zogulira zomwe mumagulitsa pakapita nthawi.
Ponseponse, G-Secs ikhoza kukhala chowonjezera chofunikira pazachuma zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati mukufuna kuyika ndalama munjira yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika.
Siyani Mumakonda