Ndi msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wama bond obiriwira omwe akuyembekezeka kufika $ 1 thililiyoni pofika 2023 malinga ndi Climate Bonds Initiative, osunga ndalama akulimbirana kuti apange mabizinesi osamala zachilengedwe komanso kulimbikitsa nyengo.
Pofika Januware 2023, kukula kwa msika wama bond obiriwira ku India kunali $ 20 biliyoni. Izi zikuyimira 3.8% ya msika wotsogola wamakampani onse ku India, womwe ndi wofunika kuposa USD 500 biliyoni.
Pakati pa omwe akutsogola m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, India, m'zaka zaposachedwa, yakhala imodzi mwamalo abwino kuyikapo ndalama mumsika wa green bond, kutsimikiziranso mwayi wopeza ndalama womwe ungapezeke pakuwongolera kwa Investor.
Kuti mukambirane zambiri pamalingaliro awa, bukuli likuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka komanso momwe mungakhazikitsire ndalama zokhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira ku India.
Momwe Bonds Green
Kubwera kwa ndondomeko yachitetezo cha chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, lingaliro la ma bond okhazikika lidawonekera, lomwe likuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ndalama zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi mapulojekiti ogwirizana ndi nyengo. Zomangira zokhazikika zimaphatikizapo chikhalidwe, kukhazikika, ndi ma green bond (GSS).
Green bond imatenga gawo lalikulu pamabizinesi onse ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati ma bond achikhalidwe pomwe bungwe, kaya kampani kapena dziko, limapereka ma bondi kapena ma IOUs kuti apeze ndalama kuchokera kwa oyika ndalama, zomwe amazigwiritsa ntchito popereka ndalama zogwirira ntchito zosamalira chilengedwe.
Kupitilira apo, ma bond awa amaperekedwa kwa nthawi yoikika, ndipo akakula, osunga ndalama amalandila ndalama zawo limodzi ndi chiwongola dzanja china.
Green bond ndi yapadera chifukwa ndalama zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimangoyang'anira kuyika ndalama pama projekiti okhazikika. Ntchitozi zingaphatikizepo magetsi ongowonjezera, madzi aukhondo, kapena kupanga maziko osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kuti mufufuze mwachidule mbiri yakale, chigwirizano choyamba chobiriwira chinaperekedwa mu 2008 ndi World Bank ndipo chinadziwika kwambiri pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa 2015 wa Paris Climate. Monga za 2022, ma bond obiriwira opitilira $2 thililiyoni aperekedwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kufika $5 thililiyoni ndi 2025.
India - The Developing Wamphamvu
India amavomereza kuti ndi wochedwerapo pankhani yolowa msika wa green bond m'nyumba.
Komabe, kuwunika kukula kwa kutulutsidwa kwa ma green bond m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, zikuwonekeratu kuti msika wobiriwira waku India ukukwera kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi. Mu 2, mtengo wonse wa GSS ndalama za bonds zinali $7.85 biliyoni, zomwe ndi 585% kuposa zomwe zili mu 2020. Mwachiwerengero ichi, $ 6.11 biliyoni yokha idayikidwa mu ma bond obiriwira.
Ndikolimbikitsa kwambiri kuwonetsa kufunitsitsa kwamakampani kuti apereke zida zobiriwira pamsika kuti zilimbikitse ma projekiti okhudzidwa ndi nyengo. Chomwe chimapangitsa nkhani yaku India kukhala yosangalatsa ndi kuthekera kwakukula kwa ntchito zobiriwira komanso zongowonjezwdwa m'zaka zikubwerazi zomwe zikufuna kupititsa patsogolo zomwe boma likufuna kuti lisakhale ndi gawo la carbon pofika 2070 ndikuchulukitsa mphamvu zake zongowonjezeranso kanayi pofika 2030.
Izi zimatithandiza kufalitsa mapulani kuti timvetsetse kukula ndi kuthekera kopanga ndalama zobiriwira m'dziko lotukuka lomwe chuma chake chikukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, Boma la India lidachitapo kanthu mwachangu mu Bajeti Yachuma Yapachaka ya 2022-23 pakukhazikitsa Mabond a Green Green kwa nthawi yoyamba. Tsopano yakhazikitsa a chimango kwa anthu wamba ndipo adapereka ma bond amtengo wa $ 1.9 biliyoni, omwe adzasunthike pagulu kuyambira pa 25 Januware 2023.
Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti boma likufuna kuvomereza ma green bond ngati zida zachuma zomwe zingatheke ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti pakhale chilengedwe chabwino ndi chithandizo chowongolera kuti osunga ndalama azigulitsa nthawi yayitali pantchito zobiriwira.
Chifukwa chake, ndi chitukukochi, osunga ndalama tsopano atha kuyika ndalama m'malo mwachinsinsi komanso odziyimira pawokha obiriwira mdziko muno. Tiyeni tiwone momwe inu, monga wogulitsa ndalama, mungasankhire ma bond osiyanasiyana obiriwira, kuphatikiza odziyimira pawokha, kuti mupange ndalama ku India.
Momwe Mungasungire Ndalama mu Green Bonds
Otsatsa ali ndi mwayi woti akhazikitse ndalama zawo m'mabondi obiriwira aboma komanso achinsinsi. Nayi momwe mungachitire:
Zomangamanga Zobiriwira
Zomangamanga zobiriwira zidzaperekedwa ndi a RBI kudzera mu Uniform Price Auctions. Njirayi idzakhala yofanana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Zitetezo za boma (G-secs), komwe boma lidzabwereke ndalama zothandizira ntchito za boma pa chiwongoladzanja chofanana.
Malinga ndi kalendala ya RBI, 16000 crore rupees mtengo wobiriwira mabungwe idzalembedwa kuti iperekedwe ndi anthu mu magawo awiri pa 8000 crore rupees iliyonse pa 25 January ndi 9 February, motsatira. Ma bond awa adzaperekedwa ndi nthawi yakukhwima ya zaka 5 ndi 10 ndipo amathanso kugulitsidwa ngati ma bond ena.
Ogulitsa ogulitsa atha kuyitanitsa ma bond awa pa RBI-Retail Direct nsanja, yomwe ndi tsamba la boma lothandizira kuyitanitsa ma G-secs m'misika yapulayimale ndi yachiwiri kwa osunga ndalama. Mutha kulembetsa papulatifomu potsatira njira ili pansipa:
- kukaona RBI-Retail Direct webusaiti.
- Pangani akaunti imodzi kapena yolumikizana. Mudzalandira OTP pa nambala yanu yam'manja yolembetsedwa ndi imelo id.
- Mukatsimikizira OTP, muyenera kukweza cheke kapena kupereka chilolezo chotsimikizira zambiri za akaunti yanu pa intaneti.
- Pakadutsa masiku awiri, mudzalandira chidziwitso chofikira papulatifomu.
Mutha kugulitsa ma green bond pano mutakwaniritsa zomwe zalamulidwa ndi a RBI, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuika ndalama mu chitetezo china chilichonse cha boma. Komabe, zofunikazo zitha kukhala zochulukira kwa osunga ndalama ambiri, ndipo sangakhale oyenerera kuyikamo mwachindunji.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kuyika ndalama zama bond kudzera m'mabizinesi obwereketsa ngati Zerodha kapena nsanja zapadera zamalonda monga Wint Wealth nawonso. Mapulatifomuwa amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndalama zonse zaboma komanso zachinsinsi zomwe zimayandama ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.
Kuyika ndalama mu Private Green Bonds
Mofanana ndi boma, mabungwe azinsinsi monga mabungwe amayiko osiyanasiyana amatulutsanso ma green bond pa chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika kuti anthu azipereka ndalama zokhazikika.
Ma bond awa amabwera pansi pa gulu la ma corporate bond, okhala ndi njira zofananira zogulira ndalama mwa iwo, kupatulapo kuti ma bond obiriwira amamasulidwa ndi cholinga chapadera.
Kutulutsidwa kwa ma bond obiriwira kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi malangizo a SEBI pa "Ngongole zobiriwira,” potero kuwonetsetsa kuti makampani satulutsa ma IOU onyenga chifukwa cha ma green bond.
Mutha kugula ma bond obiriwira achinsinsi m'njira ziwiri:
- Mutha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi makampani pamsika woyamba. Amamasula zidziwitso za kuperekedwa kwa ma bond pamasamba awo, kapena mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kudzera ku banki yanu. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kukhala ndi akaunti ya Demat kuti musunge ma bond anu. Komabe, ndi njira yochedwerapo kwa omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, ndipo osunga ndalama m'mabungwe ndi mabungwe omwe siabanki omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
- Kupatula kugula mwachindunji ma bond obiriwira kukampani, inu, monga wogulitsa malonda, mutha kugula ma bond awa monga mwagwirizana ndalama kapena ndalama zogulitsirana (ETFs) pamsika wachiwiri. Izi zimaperekedwa ndi mabanki osiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe a mutual fund pamapulatifomu awo kapena kudzera m'makampani ogulitsa. Panthawiyi, nsanja zapadera ngati Wint Wealth, goldenpie.com, ndi thefixedincome.com amapatsanso ogulitsa ogulitsa mwayi wosavuta wopeza ma bond odalirika limodzi ndi zida zofufuzira zomwe zimafotokozera kuchuluka kwa ngongole, chiwopsezo chosasinthika, chiwopsezo chandalama, komanso chiwopsezo cha chiwongola dzanja cha kampani ndi ma bond.
Ndi dziko la India lomwe lili pachimake chofuna kukhala chuma chachitatu padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 3, boma ndi makampani awonjezera ndalama zawo pomanga zomangamanga zokhazikika mdziko muno.
Ndi malingaliro abwino onsewa, msika wa green bond ku India ukukula kwambiri kuposa kale, ndipo tsopano otsatsa malonda alinso ndi mwayi woyika ndalama munkhani yakukula ndikupeza phindu lalikulu.
Siyani Mumakonda