Pambuyo pa mndandanda wambiri wapaintaneti ndi makanema omwe akuwonetsa mbiri za osunga ndalama zamabizinesi ndi malingaliro awo oyika ndalama, kugulitsa masheya kwakhala kofala padziko lonse lapansi.
Anthu akuyamba kudziwa kuti msika ndi chiyani kwenikweni, momwe umagwirira ntchito, komanso choti achite kuti apindule bwino pamsika.
Mwachidule, nditha kunena kuti anthu akuyika chidwi chawo pazamalonda zamsika.
Ndipo, ndithudi, pamene ine ndikukamba za malonda akhalire kuyika ndalama, sindingachitire mwina koma kuganiza za Investor lodziwika bwino Peter Lynch. Peter sanangochita bwino kupatula, koma walimbikitsanso anthu ambiri omwe amaika ndalama pawokha kuti aphunzire kuchokera ku filosofi yake yosunga ndalama.
Nawa maphunziro asanu ndi awiri opangira ndalama kuchokera kwa Peter Lynch omwe angakuthandizeni kukhala Investor wabwino.
1. Kubwerera Kulikonse Ndi Mwayi Wopeza Chipambano:
Kwa zaka zambiri zachidziŵitso m’ndalama zogulira masheya, Peter Lynch nthaŵi zonse amanena kuti, “Anthu amene amachita bwino m’msika amavomerezanso kuluza nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, zopinga, ndi zochitika zosayembekezereka. Kugwa koopsa sikuwawopsyeza kuti achoke pamasewera. "
Monga osunga ndalama ena ochita bwino, Peter Lynch nawonso amachokera m'gulu la kukhulupirira ndalama zanthawi yayitali ngati kiyi yopezera phindu lalikulu.
Ndipo zikafika pazachuma chanthawi yayitali, nthawi zonse amalangiza omwe amagulitsa nawo ndalama kuti achepetse kulumikizana ndi nkhawa ndi ma capitulations, zomwe zitha kukhala ngati malingaliro omwe amabweretsa kutsika kwa ntchito yanu yogulitsa ndalama.
Mu msika wogulitsa, pali nthawi zina pamene msika umachitira umboni kusinthasintha kwakukulu, zomwe zimatsogolera osunga ndalama ku "Nkhawa" maganizo.
Koma kuti mukhale Investor wamkulu, muyenera kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhawa imeneyo kuti mutembenuzire kubwereranso kukhala mwayi wopambana, ngakhale pamtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Kutengeka kwina kotchedwa "Capitulation" kumakhudza wogulitsa ndalama akakumana ndi ndalama zawo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa msika. Pofotokoza maganizo amenewa, a Peter Lynch akuti osunga ndalama ambiri amanyadira kukhala osunga ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka atakumana ndi vuto lawo lalikulu ndipo amakakamizika kukhala osunga ndalama kwakanthawi kochepa.
Phunziro: Kuti mupeze phindu labwino, gwiritsani ntchito ndalama zanthawi yayitali, koma ndi kafukufuku wabwino komanso wokhazikika kuti mupeze phindu.
Osachita mantha ndi kutsika kowopsa kwa msika; khalani oleza mtima, khulupirirani kafukufuku wanu, ndipo sangalalani ndi chakudya chanu. Samalani ma buzz omwe amafunafuna nzeru zanu.
2. Osatsatira Zongoganizira Kapena Malangizo Ngati Siwo Kafukufuku Wanu:
Peter Lynch akunena kuti, pamsika, osunga ndalama ambiri akufunafuna njira zopezera phindu mwachangu kapena malangizo osinthira ndalama zawo kukhala phindu mwa kubisa mfundo yakuti nthawi zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa "nsonga zotentha" ndizo zogwa.
Ndicho chifukwa chake anati, "Osayikapo ndalama pa lingaliro lililonse lomwe simungathe kufotokoza ndi crayoni." Apa, krayoni imatanthawuza chibadwa chanu chazachuma komanso kuphunzira. Iye anatinso, “Dziwani Zomwe Muli Nazo.”
Ponena mizere iwiri iyi, Peter akuyesera kufotokoza, malinga ndi ine, ngati mukupeza malangizo a ndalama, muwatenge, koma musawagwiritse ntchito ngati simungathe kufotokoza kapena kupanga momwe kampaniyo idzachitire mu miniti yotsatira.
Musanapange ndalama, phunzirani mozama za kampaniyo, monga:
- Kodi unakhazikitsidwa bwanji?
- Ndi ndalama zotani zomwe adapeza koyamba, ndipo ndi ndalama zingati zomwe zidasinthira ndalamazo kukhala katundu?
- Kodi phindu lake linali chiyani pamsika?
- Opikisana nawo ndani?
- Chifukwa chiyani makasitomala ayenera kukhulupirira kampaniyi?
- Kodi mtsogolomu idzachita bwanji, powona ngati momwe ikugwirira ntchito panopa?
Mukapeza zonse izi, muyenera kuyang'ana zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pakugulitsa kampaniyi, ndipo zikachitika, mungabwezere bwanji ndalama zanu.
Phunziro: Monga Investor, muyenera kukhala otakataka ndi makutu onse kudziwa nthawi yopangira ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi yoti muchotse ndalama zanu kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndikuteteza kugona kwanu kwathanzi.
3. Ndibwino Kulakwitsa:
Petro kaŵirikaŵiri amati, “Opambana anu athamangire, nadulani otayika anu. N’zosavuta kulakwitsa n’kuchita zosiyana, n’kuzula maluwawo n’kuthirira namsongole.”
Polankhula izi, Peter akuyesera kuwonetsa kuti mumsika, kulakwitsa kumakhala kofala, koma musalole kubweza kwanu kuwononge chisangalalo chanu chogulitsanso ndalama zina. M'malo mwake, zomwe mungachite ndi, kusanthula ndalama zanu, lembani mfundo zomwe munaphonya kubisa, kupeza zolakwika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wanu watsopano kuti mupangitse ndalama zanu moyenera ndikuwonjezera zomwe mwapeza pamndandanda wanu kuti mupeze chipambano muzogulitsa zanu zamtsogolo.
Lynch adayika ndalama m'matangadza ambiri paulendo wake wochita malonda, pomwe ena adamupatsa phindu lowirikiza kakhumi komanso kusakhazikika.
Chifukwa chake, adaganiza zopeza phindu lowirikiza kakhumi ndipo adatcha masheyawo ndi mawu oti "thumba-khumi" kuti masheya oterowo ndi a ndalama zanthawi yayitali ndipo sangagulitsidwe kuti agulitse mpaka mphamvu zawo zisinthe kwambiri.
Phunziro: Muyenera kukhala oleza mtima pamabizinesi anu amatumba khumi kapena omwe akuchita bwino kwambiri ndikusangalala ndi chakudya chambiri akafika pachimake.
4. Khalani Oyambirira Koma Osati Poyambirira:
Peter Lynch nthawi ina anati,
"Nthawi zambiri ndimaganiza zopanga ndalama m'makampani okulirapo pankhani ya baseball. Ngati mumagula musanayambe kulengeza mzerewu. Mukuchita ngozi yosafunikira. ”
Ndi lingaliro ili, Peter akuyesera kunena kuti kuyika ndalama m'makampani omwe akukula, kutanthauza zoyambira ndi mwayi wabwino wamtsogolo, ndi ndalama zabwino ndi kafukufuku woyenera. Koma kuyika ndalama m'mayambiriro onse ndikuyembekeza kupindula bwino m'tsogolomu osasanthula chuma chawo kuli ngati kuyika dzanja lanu mu dzenje la mikango.
Muthanso kumvetsetsa lingaliro ili posapanga zisankho mwachangu kwambiri chifukwa makampani ena amayamba kupeza mwayi wambiri komanso amapeza ndalama zambiri. Koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi ndi utumiki wawo wokhazikika kapena wonyozeka, akhoza kutaya kutchuka kwawo.
Chifukwa chake, musayike ndalama m'makampani molawirira kwambiri, koma dikirani kuti akhazikike pamsika ndikupeza mwayi wopanga nawo malonda asanakweze mitengo yawo.
Phunziro: Ikani ndalama m'makampani mu gawo lawo lachiwiri kapena lachitatu lothandizira ndalama chifukwa atsimikizira kale luso lawo ndikukwaniritsa malonjezo awo kwa osunga ndalama. Ndipo, kwamakampani omwe adatchulidwa, ndikupangirani kuti muwone osachepera 4 kotala IPO.
5. Kupanga Zinthu Kuti Mupambane:
Peter nthawi zonse ankafanizira ndalama zamsika ndi zaluso ndi sayansi. Ndipo awa anali mawu ake enieni, "Kupanga ndalama pamsika wamasheya ndi kuphatikiza kwa sayansi, zaluso, ndi zoyeserera."
N’chifukwa chiyani ananena zimenezi? Tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo lake:
Zofunikira zamakampani ndi zoluka zimakhala ndi ubale wachindunji ndi ubale wawo woyambitsa-ndi-zotsatira. M'mawu osavuta, ngakhale chochitika chimodzi kapena ting'onoting'ono cholakwika pakampani zitha kukhudza kwambiri mitengo yake.
Chifukwa chake, pokhudzana ndi zaluso ndi sayansi, munthu amaika ndalama kukampani isanayambe kugulitsa. Kufufuza kumafuna talente kuti ifunse funso loyenera kwa munthu woyenera kuti apeze yankho lapafupi, kukuthandizani kupanga chisankho, kaya muyikepo ndalama kapena ayi.
Mafunso angakhale awa:
- Chifukwa chiyani kampaniyo idakumana ndi vuto pamsika m'mbuyomu?
- N’chiyani chinayambitsa zimenezi m’mbuyomo?
- Kodi amachira bwanji?
- Kodi pali mwayi uliwonse kuti kampaniyi ikumane ndi vuto ngati lomweli?
- Kodi mkhalidwe wam'mbuyomu umapangitsa bwanji kampaniyo mtsogolomu?
Phunziro: Ngati ndinu Investor ngati uyu amene amafunsa mafunso otere musanapange ndalama, dzioneni kuti ndinu wopanga komanso wodziwa bwino msika wamsika.
6. Nthawi Yakwana:
Peter sanatsatirepo mawu akuti "nthawi ya msika", koma m'malo mwake, adati, "Ndalama zambiri zatayika ndi osunga ndalama omwe akukonzekera kuwongolera kapena kuyesa kuyembekezera kuwongolera kuposa momwe adatayira pakuwongolera okha."
Monga momwe mwawonera pamwambapa, Petro nthawi zonse amalangiza kuti atsatire ndalama za nthawi yayitali ndi masheya abwino / apamwamba, koma pamodzi ndi izi, adanenanso kuti asadzipereke kwamuyaya ndi katunduyo.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti akupanga mfundo yakuti asachotse katundu wabwino msanga koma kuyembekezera nthawi yoyenera kuti achite m'malo momamatira kwa nthawi yochuluka.
Peter adalimbikiranso kusunga pepala la ndalama ndikuwunikanso miyezi ingapo iliyonse kuti awone:
- Chifukwa chiyani munagula poyamba?
- Kodi maziko ake anali otani?
- Kodi zikuyenda bwanji kuposa kale?
- Kodi kusintha kwa maziko awo ndi chiyani?
- Kodi pali chiyembekezo chokakamirabe kwa nthawi yochulukirapo?
- Kapena ndichotse, ndipeze phindu, ndikutseka mutuwo?
Mwa kusanthula ndi kuyankha mafunso awa, mwina mutha kutsegula mwayi watsopano wogula katundu wambiri pamene mphamvu zake zikusintha ngati pali mwayi wobwezeretsa, kapena kugulitsa kwa wina pamtengo wabwino kwambiri ndikupeza phindu.
Phunziro: Peter nthawi zonse ankagwiritsa ntchito mndandandawu kuti apindule kwambiri ndi ndalama zomwe amagulitsa mumsika, zomwe mungachitenso powonjezerapo mndandanda wazomwe mukugulitsa.
7. Dzipezeni Nokha:
Powona ndikuwona momwe msika ukuyendera, Peter adagawa msikawo m'malemba asanu ndi limodzi:
- Olima Pang'onopang'ono: Gulu lamakampani ili ndi lalikulu, okhwima, okhazikika, komanso oyenera kuyikapo ndalama ngati mukufuna ndalama zokhazikika. Amalipira kwambiri malipiro kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi chiwongolero cha pachaka cha 8-10%. Koma Peter sanawapeze kukhala ogwirizana ndi ndalama zazikuluzikuluzi.
- Stalwarts: Gulu ili lamakampani lili ndi mwayi wokulirapo, wokhala ndi mitengo ya 12-18% pachaka.
- Olima Mwachangu: Gulu lamakampani ili ndi phindu malinga ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mutha kufufuza makampani otere, kupanga ndalama, ndikumamatira mpaka kubweza komwe kukuyembekezeka kuperekedwa. mwachitsanzo, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala adapeza Titan m'gulu ili; mtengo wake unali 3 INR mu 2003, ndipo tsopano, mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi 2491.85 - 2550 INR pa katundu.
- Zanjinga: Peter Lynch amawona gululi ngati lodalirika kwambiri pakugulitsa ndalama, chifukwa makampani ake amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zapamwamba komanso machitidwe ozungulira. Peter akunena kuti amakumana ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu pa nthawi inayake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati alowa mumsika wolakwika, amakumana ndi kutayika kwakukulu, ndipo ngati pamsika woyenera, amapeza phindu lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupeza masheya oterowo, kuyikamo ndalama panthawi yopuma, ndikugulitsa mwakupeza mwayi woyenera. Makampani amagalimoto amagwera m'gulu ili.
- Kusintha: Pamsika wogulitsa, mudzapeza makampani ambiri omwe ma graph awo akutsika ndipo atsala pang'ono kugwa, koma pali nthawi zina pamene makampani ambiri atembenuza matebulo awo kuti apindule kwambiri atakumana ndi zotayika zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kwa omwe ali pachiwopsezo, makampani oterowo ndi oyenera kuyikapo ndalama, zomwe zimapereka phindu lalikulu ndi zoopsa zambiri.
- Sewero la Asset: Magulu awa amakampani ali ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimabisidwa m'maso ndi msika ndipo sizimawerengedwa. Apa, katundu akhoza kukhala ndalama, ndalama zina, nyumba ndi zomangidwa, ndi zina zotero. Osunga ndalama ambiri sayamikira katundu ndi makampaniwa panthawi yawo yopuma. Masheya amakampani otere amatha kugawidwa ndi msika pomwe katundu wawo akuchita.
Kutsiliza:
Peter Lynch ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ngati wogulitsa ndalama. Kaya mwangoyamba kumene ulendo wanu wopezera ndalama kapena muli pakati, kutengera upangiri wake m'malingaliro anu kungakuthandizeni kuti mubweze bwino.
Choncho, awerengenso ngati mukuona kuti ndi ofunika kuwawerenga.
Muli kukayikira kulikonse?
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Siyani Mumakonda