Kodi mbiri yabwino ya anthu olipidwa ndi iti?
Ndimafunsidwa funso ili nthawi zonse & anthu, nthawi zambiri, amavutika kuti amvetsetse yankho lomwe ndili nalo. Chifukwa chake, ndidaganiza zotenga mwayiwu kuti ndifotokoze malingaliro anga pamutuwu popereka chitsogozo chotsatiridwa ndi malangizo.
Chonde dziwani kuti uwu si upangiri wazachuma. Kupanga ma portfolio & kagawidwe kagawidwe kazinthu zimatengera momwe woyika ndalamayo alili.
Ngati ndinu munthu wolipidwa osatha kudziwa momwe mungamangire & kugawa ndalama zanu, nkhaniyi ingopereka malingaliro omveka omwe akuyenera kukuyambitsani. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, funsani mlangizi wa zachuma.
Tiyeni tizipita.
Mbiri ya Anthu Olipidwa - Kukhazikitsa Zolinga
Kukhazikitsa zolinga ndikofunikira pakuwongolera mbiri. Tiyenera kudziwa cholinga chomwe mbiriyo ikufuna kukwaniritsa. Zolinga izi zimatipatsa:
- chiwerengero chodziwika chobwerera;
- chiwopsezo chodziwika kuti mulingo;
- nthawi yofikira
M'dziko lenileni, osunga ndalama amatha kukhala ndi zolinga zingapo. Cholinga chilichonse chimakhala ndi kuthekera kwa gawo lonse kuti liwakhutitse. Wogulitsa ndalama akhoza kuphunzitsidwa kuti aziika patsogolo zolinga ngati ntchitoyo ndi yosakwanira kapena ziyembekezo zili zazikulu kwambiri.
Kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta, ndi cholinga cha nkhaniyi, tipanga malingaliro ena. Izi ndi:
- Investor ali ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha, ndiko, kukhalabe moyo wawo mpaka kupuma pantchito kutengera malipiro omaliza omwe adasinthidwa chifukwa cha inflation;
- Zaka zoyamba kugwira ntchito ndi zaka 25 & kupuma pantchito ndi pamene wogulitsa ali ndi zaka 60;
- Ndalama zogawikana ndi zokhazikika zomwe zidapangidwa ndi mbiriyi zimabwezeretsedwanso.
Portfolio for Salaried Individuals - Concept of Human Capital
Palibe zokambirana za kasamalidwe ka mbiri zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe pokhapokha titayang'ana ndalama zonse za Investor. Izi ndi capital capital (mbiri) kuphatikiza chuma cha anthu.
Ndalama zonse zamtsogolo kuchokera kubizinesi kapena malipiro omwe amalandila lero amatanthauzidwa ngati ndalama za anthu. Ichi ndi mtengo wapano wotsitsidwa pamtengo woganiziridwa. Chuma cha anthu ndichokwera kwambiri pa chiyambi cha moyo wa munthu wogwira ntchito komanso chotsika kwambiri pafupi kapena popuma pantchito.
Amalonda ndi anthu odzilemba okha amaonedwa kuti ali ndi ndalama za anthu zomwe zimayimira chilungamo. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi liti komanso ndalama zingati komanso kuti munthu wodzilemba yekha apanga liti.
Ma equity Investments samasiyana kwambiri. Kaya kampani ikulengeza a gawoli kapena ayi ndipo zomwe zidzakhale khalidwe la mtengo wagawo silingathe kutsatiridwa. Chifukwa chake, gawo lachiwopsezo ndilokwera.
Momwemonso, kwa anthu olipidwa, ndalama za anthu zimanenedwa kuti zimayimira ndalama zokhazikika. Munthu wolipidwa amalandira ndalama zokhazikika mwezi uliwonse.
Ndalama zokhazikika sizimasiyana kwambiri. Chiwongoladzanja chomwe kampani imalipira pama bondi ake & masiku ake akhoza kutsatiridwa. Chifukwa chake, gawo lachiwopsezo ndilochepa.
Chifukwa chake, kwa mabizinesi & anthu odzilemba okha omwe ali ndi ndalama zofananira ndi anthu, magawo omwe amagawika akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza. Momwemonso, kwa anthu olipidwa omwe ali ndi ndalama zokhazikika monga kuchuluka kwa anthu, magawo amalipiro akuyenera kuperekedwa ku gawo la equity.
Mbiri ya Anthu Olipidwa - Zinthu Zina
Kuganizira za chikhalidwe cha anthu paokha kungakhale kosavuta kupanga zisankho zogawira mbiri ya anthu. Munthu ayenera kuyamikira zinthu zina.
makampani
Ogwira ntchito ambiri cyclical mafakitale monga katundu, magalimoto, simenti, zitsulo, ndi zomangira ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri kuposa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo & maphunziro.
Mafakitalewa amachita bwino pamene chiwongola dzanja chili chochepa, ndalama zochokera ku mabanki zimapezeka zotsika mtengo komanso chuma chikukwera. Sinthani zinthu izi, ndipo mupeza kuti mafakitalewa akuvutika.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mafakitalewa, tikuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa malipiro kumawonetsa kusiyana komanso malipiro okhudzana ndi ntchito. Chifukwa chake, munthu sanganene kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu kwa munthuyo ndi kofanana ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza.
N'chimodzimodzinso ndi munthu wodzilemba yekha yemwe ali ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala kapena feteleza. Kupatula zochitika zowopsa monga nkhondo, miliri, ndi njala, kufunikira kwa zinthu ndi ntchito zamabizinesiwa kumakhalabe kosakhazikika.
Zinthu zozungulira monga chiwongola dzanja, ndondomeko yandalama, kapena kukula kwake sizikhudza kwambiri mafakitalewa. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti chuma chamunthu wabizinesi sichofanana.
Age
Kugawika kwa mbiriyo kuyeneranso kuganizira zaka za Investor. Kugawidwa kwapamwamba pazabwino kumakondedwa kwa munthu wazaka 25 yemwe angoyamba kumene ntchito yake.
Ngati msika ukutembenukira zoipa, yaitali nthawi yopuma pantchito imalola kuti zotayika zanthawi yayitali zibwezedwe.
Kutha kutenga chiwopsezo chachikuluchi kumachepa ngati zaka zolipidwa. Pazaka 50 zakubadwa, magawo omwe amagawidwira ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala ochepa komanso osakhalapo pafupi kapena akapuma pantchito.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa akapuma kapena atatsala pang'ono kupuma pantchito, munthuyo sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yobwezera kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kochepa m'misika yamalonda ndipo motero amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuchepa kwa mbiri yake akapuma pantchito.
Maganizo pa Chiwopsezo
Monga osunga ndalama, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa malingaliro amunthu pachiwopsezo. Kwa ife, mwayi woti mbiriyo ilephera kukwaniritsa cholinga chomwe chanenedwa ndi malire ena amatchedwa ngozi.
Otsatsa malonda akuyenera kuzindikira zotsatira za kutenga nawo mbali pachiwopsezo pazachuma chawo, zolinga zoyika ndalama ndi moyo wawo. Kulekerera kwachiwopsezo chokwera kwambiri kapena chochepa kwambiri kungayambitse zisankho zocheperako ndipo pamapeto pake kusagwira bwino ntchito.
osiyana
Monga osunga ndalama, ndikofunikiranso kuganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi zinali ndi tanthauzo pamasankhidwe amagulu azinthu ndi zotetezedwa m'gulu lazinthu.
Mwachizoloŵezi, osunga ndalama amamanga ma portfolio pogawa ndalama pakati pa equity ndi ndalama zokhazikika. Pakhala pali zochepa zomwe sizingaganizidwe ndalama zina, zomwe zitha kukhala ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera kapena zochepetsera chiopsezo.
Izi zasintha ndipo tsopano tili ndi umboni wotsimikizira kuti ma portfolio osiyanasiyana ali ndi mwayi wopeza ndalama zina, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- Nyumba ndi zomangidwa (inflation hedge & diversifies chiwopsezo);
- Hedge funds (kuwonjezera kubwerera & kusokoneza chiopsezo);
- Zogulitsa (mpanda wa inflation wokhala ndi mwayi wowonjezera kubweza ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana);
- Ndalama zachinsinsi (kuwonjezera kubweza & zoopsa zosiyanasiyana);
- Katundu wa digito (Kuchulukitsa kubwerera & zoopsa zosiyanasiyana).
Izi zikunenedwa, kuyang'anira koyang'anira & zotchinga zolowera kumalepheretsa kupezeka kwa magalimoto ambiri oyika ndalama kwa anthu omwe amalipidwa.
Mofananamo, kuganiza kwachikhalidwe pamsewu kumazindikiritsanso kukhala ndi zitetezo ziwiri kapena zitatu zotentha nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zimabweretsa kutsata kwakanthawi kochepa pakutsata zolinga zanthawi yayitali & kugulitsa kwambiri.
Zosankha zazing'ono zotere ziyenera kupewedwa & anthu olipidwa ayenera kusankha njira zopezera ndalama m'malo mochita changu. Izi ndichifukwa cha njira zopanda ndalama zopangira ndalama:
- Perekani kafukufuku & kachitidwe kachitidwe kwa akatswiri;
- Yambitsani kusiyanasiyana;
- Lolani wogulitsa ndalama kuti aziganizira kwambiri ntchito yake ndi banja lake.
The Perfect Portfolio kwa Anthu Olipidwa
Tsopano tikugwiritsa ntchito mbiri yathu popanga mbiri ya anthu olipidwa pazitsanzo. M'malingaliro anga, umu ndi momwe ndingakonde kudzipangira ndekha zinthu.
Mbiri Yabwino ya Munthu Wolipidwa - Wazaka: 25 mpaka 3
Tikuwona kuti:
- Ichi ndi chiwongolero chokhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yomwe ilipo;
- Kutalikirana kwa nthawi yayitali kumatithandiza kugawa mwachangu ndalama zazikulu (85%) Growth Stock Ndalama, chofunika Ndalama & Cryptocurrency.
- Lingaliro ndikupereka zopereka pafupipafupi kugululi kudzera pakusunga ndi ndalama zokhazikika kuti pang'onopang'ono mumange maudindo.
Mbiri Yabwino ya Munthu Wolipidwa - Wazaka: 35 mpaka 44
Titha kuwona kuti:
- Equity ndi Commodity ali ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe zaperekedwa kwa iwo;
- Zowonjezera ndalama ali ndi ndalama zambiri zoperekedwa kwa izo;
- Malo ogulitsa nyumba ali ndi ndalama zoperekedwa kwa iyo kudzera mu Investment in chuma chamasheya kapena chuma chakuthupi;
- Apanso, cholinga chake ndikuphatikiza zopindula kuyambira nthawi yomaliza kukhala zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana (45% kugawa ndalama zokhazikika, ndalama za Commodity & real estate) ndikusunga njira yolemetsa yokulirapo ndi gawo lalikulu (55%) pakukula kwamasheya ndi Ndalama za Crypto.
- Apanso, sitikukhudzidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa popeza ndalama zathu zimakhala zanthawi yayitali.
Mbiri Yabwino ya Munthu Wolipidwa - Wazaka: 45 mpaka 54
Titha kuwona kuti:
- Zangotsala zaka 15 kapena zocheperapo kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chathu chopuma pantchito, ndikofunikira kuti tichepetse zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chambiri yathu;
- A passive index tracking fund ilowa m'malo mwa Growth Stock fund pagawo lochepetsedwa;
- Ndalama zokhazikika komanso malo ogulitsa nyumba ali ndi ndalama zambiri zoperekedwa kwa iwo;
- Commodity ndi Cryptocurrency ali ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe amapatsidwa;
- Monga momwe tinganenere, pakadali pano ntchitoyi ilibe mwayi wonyalanyaza kusakhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo ikukhudzidwa ndi kuphatikiza zopindula, kuteteza ku kukwera kwa mitengo, ndikuyang'ana kuyamikira kwachuma m'njira yocheperako.
Mbiri Yabwino ya Munthu Wolipidwa - Wazaka: 55 mpaka 60
Titha kuwona kuti:
- Pamene kupuma kwatsala pang'ono kuyandikira, kuyang'ana kwakukulu tsopano kukukulirakulira pakusungidwa kwakukulu ndi kupanga ndalama kuti kuchulukitse chiwongola dzanja chonse munjira yoyezera. Chifukwa chake, 90% yamalipiro amaperekedwa ku ndalama zokhazikika & zogulitsa nyumba.
- Kugawidwa kwachiwopsezo kwina kumakhalabe kofanana ndi "kukankhira" pakuyesa kusonkhanitsa ndalama zonse.
Kupumula:
Ndi kupuma pantchito, palibe chifukwa choyesera zowopsa.
Cholinga cha mbiriyi tsopano ndikupereka ndalama zoyendetsera moyo wake mpaka akapuma pantchito. Chifukwa chake, mbiri yolemetsa yofanana imapangidwa pakati pa ndalama zokhazikika & zogulitsa nyumba.
Kutsiliza
Zitha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku zomwe takambiranazi kuti palibe yankho limodzi ku mbiri yabwino ya anthu olipidwa.
Mwanjira ina, yankho limatengera zinthu zambiri & titha kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa moyo ngati chitsogozo chomangira mbiri yabwino ya anthu omwe amalipidwa.
Dziwani kuti iyi ndi dongosolo chabe, chifukwa zochitika zenizeni zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri ndi zolinga zingapo zomwe sizingadikire mpaka mutapuma pantchito.
Chifukwa chake, ndikukulimbikitsani kuti mupeze upangiri wa akatswiri pazosankha zanu.
Siyani Mumakonda