Kupuma pantchito ndi nthawi komanso kutengeka. Ndimakumbukira kuti bambo ndi amalume anga ankakambirana za kupuma pantchito ngati nthawi yoti ndiyambe kulima dimba ndi kusamalira zidzukulu.
Nthawi zasintha, ndipo chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti anthu ambiri sapuma kwenikweni m’lingaliro lenileni panopa. Anthu ambiri safuna ngakhale kupuma pantchito! Atha kukhala ndi chipewa chapamwamba pazaka zawo zogwira ntchito ndi bungwe, koma anthu ambiri amakana lingaliro lopuma pantchito.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe tikuvutira kutaya maganizo opuma pantchito ndi chifukwa chakuti taphatikiza malingaliro oipa pa zosangalatsa. Timasonkhezeredwa ndi lingaliro lakuti tikhale “opindulitsa” ndi “opindulitsa,” kaya msinkhu wathu ulola.
Chifukwa Chake Konzani Ndalama Zopuma pantchito
Koma mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro anu opuma pantchito - kusangalala ndi zosangalatsa kapena kuyamba bizinesi yatsopano, chinthu chimodzi chimene aliyense angavomereze ndi chakuti tiyenera kusamalira zaka 60. tithandizeni kutsata njira yomwe tikufuna kukhala ndi moyo pamene tachepa mphamvu.
Monga tonse tikudziwa (koma mwina tifunika kukumbutsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi), tikamayamba kuyika ndalama, zimakhala bwino.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zoyambira ndalama mudakali moyo ndikusunga bwino zaka zopuma pantchito. Anthu ogwira ntchito m'boma sayenera kuda nkhawa chifukwa amalandira ndalama zambiri akapuma pantchito. Amakhalanso ndi ndondomeko ya penshoni yogwira ntchito. Anthu amwayi awa akhoza kudandaula pang'ono za zaka zopuma pantchito.
Kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'mabizinesi kapena omwe ali ndi bizinesi, nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi ndalama zokwanira zotengera kunyumba akapuma pantchito, kapenanso ndondomeko ya penshoni. Makampani ena apadera amapereka, koma makampani ambiri amazemba ndalama zowonjezerapo zoperekera penshoni.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azaka 60 ku India azidalira ana awo kuti azisamalira zosowa zawo. Izi zapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa milandu yozunza okalamba ku India. Ngakhale zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni, ndi choonadi.
Ndicho chifukwa chake kumakhala kofunika kusamalira zaka zanu zachikulire kuyambira paunyamata wanu. Timakubweretserani zolakwika zomwe zimachitika mukapuma pantchito zomwe mungapewe kuti mukhale ndi moyo wamtendere mukapuma pantchito.
PEWANI ZOPHUNZITSA ZOKHUMIDWA ZOKHUMIDWA ZOKHUDZA NTCHITO IZI
1. Kusaika ndalama mu ndondomeko ya penshoni
Ngati malo anu ogwira ntchito sapereka ndondomeko ya penshoni, mukhoza kusankha National Pension Scheme kapena imodzi mwa mapulani opuma pantchito omwe amaperekedwa ndi mabanki monga HDFC ndi ICICI.
Mapulani ambiri a penshoni amakhala ndi nthawi yotsekera mpaka zaka zina kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndalama zomwe zasungidwa zimasungidwa kwa zaka zambiri mutapuma pantchito.
Kuyika ndalama mu ndondomeko yopuma pantchito kapena ndondomeko ya penshoni ndi njira yopita patsogolo kuti muteteze zaka zanu zopuma pantchito. Ngati simukuikapo ndalama mu imodzi, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mukugulitsa zinthu zina zomwe sizikhala ndi nthawi yotseka mpaka nthawi yopuma pantchito.
Posankha ndondomeko ya penshoni yoperekedwa ndi mabanki osiyanasiyana, onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsa zonse zomwe ndondomekoyi ikufunira, ndikupeza phindu labwino pa ndalamazo.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito thumba la akaunti ya PF musanapume pantchito
Lingaliro lalikulu la Employees Provident Fund linali kupereka zaka zamtsogolo za ogwira ntchito. Komabe, zakhala zachilendo kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu Provident Fund kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamaphunziro a ana kapena maukwati.
Chifukwa chake, maakaunti ambiri a Provident Fund samapereka kwenikweni kwa munthu amene ali nayo, koma amangopezera ana awo ndi mabanja awo. M'malo mokhala chiyembekezo chawo chandalama kwa zaka zambiri atapuma pantchito, ndalama za PF zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kusungitsa zosowa ndi zofuna za banjalo.
Nthawi zambiri, zosowa ndi zofuna zotere zimatha kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi ina kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti ndalama zopuma pantchito zisagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusankha ngongole ya ophunzira ya mwana wanu m'malo mopereka ndalama zanu za thumba la ma provident.
Ndikofunikira kusunga ndalama zanu za Provident Fund mpaka mutapuma pantchito. Kupeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera muakaunti yanu ya Provident Fund kumatanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zoti mupange bizinesi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. ndalama pamwezi atapuma pantchito.
3. Osaika ndalama mu ETFs
ETFs kapena Exchange Traded Funds ndi njira zotsika mtengo zopangira ndalama mu zotetezedwa, popanda kuvutitsidwa ndi malonda a tsiku ndi tsiku. Zoonadi, ma ETF amatha kugulitsidwa pamalonda a tsiku, koma amakhala opindulitsa pakapita nthawi.
ETFs amaonedwa ngati chuma changwiro chopuma pantchito chifukwa ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso kasamalidwe kake. Komabe, musanapange ndalama mu ETFs, muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wanu bwino, popeza ma ETF amasiyana pakuwongolera, kusiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri.
Ngati muli ndi mwayi wopanga ndalama zambiri, pitani ku ma bond. Ma Bond amabweza ndalama zoyambira ndikulipira chiwongola dzanja pakanthawi kochepa.
4. Kusakhala ndi Ndalama Zokhazikika
Monga dziko, timakhazikika pakusunga. Mabanki ndi malo omwe timakonda kwambiri azachuma pazinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi ndalama.
Izi mwina ndi chifukwa cha kuopsa kochepa kokhudzana ndi kusunga ndalama kubanki. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti m'zaka khumi zapitazi, chiwongoladzanja cha banki chakhala chikusokonekera ngati msika wa equity, ndipo chiwongoladzanja chosungira chikutsika mpaka pansi pa 3%. Komabe, kuopa kusokonekera kumalepheretsa anthu ambiri kukhala kutali ndi msika wa equity.
Kusunga ndalama zabwino monga chisungiko chokhazikika kamodzi ndiyeno kubwezanso ndalama zokhwimazo kusungitsa ndalama zokhazikika kungakhale gawo limodzi la makonzedwe anu azachuma mukapuma pantchito.
Ngakhale mutayamba zaka 35 ndikuyika Rs 50,000 ngati ndalama zokhazikika kwa zaka 1.5 ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 6%, mukadzafika zaka 60, mudzakhala ndi ma rupees pafupifupi 2 lakh kuposa, kutengera chiwongola dzanja.
Ndikupangira kuti musungire ndalama zokhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa kuti mupitilizebe mpaka mutapuma. Mutha kuyamba ndi kasungidwe ka ndalama kakang'ono ndipo mwina kuwonjezerapo pang'ono nthawi iliyonse mukakonzanso nthawi yanu yosungitsa. Zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri pazaka zopuma pantchito.
5. Kusasunga gawo la ndalama zomwe zimapeza posunga kapena kuyikapo ndalama
Ngati muyamba ntchito yanu msanga, yambani kusunga ndalama zanu zopuma pantchito pakatha chaka choyamba.
Mukayamba ntchito yanu mochedwa, yambani kusunga ndalama zanu zopuma pantchito kuchokera pamalipiro oyamba.
Lingaliro lolakwika lodziwika bwino la kupuma pantchito kwa zaka chikwi ndikuti iwo adzakhala oyenera komanso olimba m'zaka zawo za 60 monga momwe alili tsopano ndipo akhoza kuyika maola 10 a ntchito yamphamvu.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti simuyenera kusunga ndalama zopuma pantchito chifukwa mudzakhala otanganidwa mokwanira kuti mugwire ntchito yanthawi zonse, ganiziraninso.
Ngakhale kwa anthu amene ali mubizinesi, kuchita maola ambiri pambuyo pa msinkhu winawake kungayambitse kutopa kotheratu. Ndipo n’chifukwa chake tiyenera kusunga nthawi imene tingathe kuti zinthu zitiyendere bwino pamene sitingathe.
Tiyenera kusunga osachepera 10% ya ndalama zomwe timapeza ndikuziyika. Gawo la ndalama za mwezi uno liyenera kusungidwa pambali ngati gawo la ndalama zathu zopuma pantchito.
Musakhale m'modzi mwa anthu akale omwe amayang'ana m'mbuyo ndikuzindikira kuti akanatha kupulumutsa ndalama zonse zomwe adawononga pa maphwando a koloko ndi kumapeto kwa sabata. Zowonadi izi ndi zofunika, koma tifunika kusamala kuti tisunge komanso kuwononga ndalama.
6. Kusasunga ndalama zosiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chachikulu chosungira ndalama zosiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ngati katundu wina watsika, enawo adzakwaniritsa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafalitsa chiwopsezocho mofanana, kupangitsa kuti ndalama zonse zipindule.
Zosiyanasiyana zimatanthawuzanso kuti mumaphatikiza zonse ziwiri zazitali komanso ndalama zazifupi. Kugulitsa kwanthawi yayitali m'mabondi kapena ma ETF kumatha kubweretsa zabwino kwazaka zopuma pantchito.
Magulu osiyanasiyana amathanso kukhala ndi katundu ngati katundu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhala gwero labwino kwambiri lopezera ndalama kwazaka zakale.
7. Kugulitsa katundu wa makolo/mudzi kuti apeze phindu kwakanthawi
Ngakhale mfundo iyi ingawoneke ngati yodabwitsa, ikuphatikizanso kusunga malingaliro anga pa kugula ndi kugulitsa katundu wa makolo ndi zotsatira za malondawa.
Ambiri a mbadwo wathu wakale amene anasamukira kumizinda kukagwira ntchito anagulitsa gawo lawo la malo a makolo awo m’midzi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ena anagula nyumba zawo mumzinda; ena anaika ndalamazo m’maphunziro a koleji a ana awo.
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira m'dziko lathu pazaka 20 zapitazi, midzi yambiriyi yakula kukhala matauni otukuka komanso madera akumidzi okhala ndi mabizinesi ambiri komanso ntchito zambiri.
Ndiye upangiri wanga ungakhale kuti musamafulumire kugulitsa katundu wakumudzi wa makolo anu. Mukapuma pantchito, mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zina zamabizinesi.
Mutha kuyisintha kukhala nyumba ya Airbnb kapena kuisintha kukhala malo ochitirako zochitika zaukwati ndi zochitika.
8. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zonse pa Zikondwerero zazikulu zamafuta
Maukwati onse ndi osangalatsa komanso ovina, koma kuwononga ndalama zonse ndikukonza maukwati apamwamba a ana anu kungawononge thanzi lanu lazachuma.
Timayika tsankho kwa anthu omwe amakonda zikondwerero zotsika mtengo m'malo mongodzisangalatsa. Koma ndi momwe zilili - kusalidwa ndi anthu. Ganizirani musanayike ndalama pazochitika zachikondwerero - kodi zimakuwonongerani ndalama zomwe mumasungira mukapuma pantchito?
Ngati zili choncho, muyenera kuchepetsa kunyada. Ndi bwino kukondwerera modzichepetsa kusiyana n’kukhala wosauka utakalamba.
Mutha kusunga ndikuyika ndalama padera munjira zanthawi yochepa zopezera zochitika ngati maukwati, koma yesani kuti musakhudzenso ndalama zanu zokhudzana ndi kupuma pantchito.
9. Kusasunga ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi ya umoyo
Kusakhala ndi dongosolo la inshuwaransi yazaumoyo ndikuphonya kwakukulu. Tonse tikudziwa kuti kugonekedwa m’chipatala kamodzi chifukwa cha matenda aakulu kungatiwonongere chuma chathu ndipo kungatibweretsere ngongole.
Dongosolo la inshuwaransi yazaumoyo limatha kusamalira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zathanzi. Kusanthula kukuwonetsa kuti ndalama zaumoyo zimawonjezeka pambuyo pa zaka 40. Chifukwa chake ngakhale mutazengereza kudzigulira inshuwaransi yazaumoyo m'zaka zanu za 30, pezani imodzi musanakwanitse zaka 40.
10. Kusakhala ndi inshuwaransi ya moyo
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa anthu omwe alibebe inshuwaransi ya moyo.
Inshuwaransi ya moyo ndi chinthu chaphindu. Mudzabweza ndalama zomwe munalipira nthawi yanu ikatha, ndipo ngati mwadzidzidzi kufa, banja lanu lidzalandira ndalama zotsimikizika.
Onetsetsani kuti nthawi ya inshuwaransi ya moyo wanu yayikidwa nthawi kuti muthe kukhwima mukamapuma pantchito. Mutha kusankha kusunga ndalamazo kuti zikhale zokhazikika kapena kuziyika mumalingaliro abizinesi.
Lingaliro lofunikira pakuyika nkhaniyi ndikuwongolera chidwi chanu pa mfundo imodzi iyi - chonde ganizirani zaka zanu zopuma pasadakhale. Kusungitsa ndalama zamtsogolo ndikofunikira monga kukhala moyo wanu pano.
Ngati muli ndi malingaliro pankhani yokonzekera kupuma pantchito, tiuzeni! Tikufuna kumva!
Gawani nkhaniyi ndi anzanu komanso abale kapena mugawane nawo kudzera pawailesi yakanema. Itha kukhala chikumbutso chabwino kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe mumamukonda kapena mumamudziwa.
Siyani Mumakonda