Choyamba chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1900 ku US, masiku ano makhadi a ngongole akhala amodzi mwa njira zolipirira anthu ambiri.
Ndi kukwera kwa anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zapakati, makadi a ngongole kwa zaka zambiri alimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, nthawi zina popanda kuganizira zotsatira zake.
Izi zili choncho makamaka m’mayiko amene akungotukuka kumene kumene makadi a ngongole akukhala otchuka kwambiri pamene anthu apakati akutulukira ndi kuwononga ndalama zambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ku India munali anthu 20 miliyoni okha ogwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi mu 2010, zomwe zidakwera mwachangu kufika pa 78 miliyoni mu 2022. Komabe, izi zadzetsa kukwera koopsa kwa ngongole za kirediti kadi. Mu 2022, ngongole zonse ku India zinali pafupifupi $22 biliyoni.
Bukhuli lisanthula zomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwa ngongole ndikuyang'ana njira zothetsera vutoli.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Zikukhudza?
Kukwera kwa ndalama zogulira makhadi sikugwirizana ndi kukwera kwa ngongole zamakampani. M'malo mwake kubwereka kwabizinesi sikuyenderana ndi ngongole yanu kukula, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse pakukula kwachuma.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito makadi a debit, zomwe zimasonyeza kukula kwa kachitidwe ka ndalama za ogula, zikutsikanso.
Izi zikusonyeza kuti mabanja aku India ayamba kukhala ndi ngongole zambiri, zomwe zikuyambitsa kukayikira ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pa kirediti kadi m'dzikolo kungatheke.
Koma kodi nchifukwa ninji ngongole ya kirediti kadi imawonedwa kukhala yoipa?
Makhadi a ngongole amaonedwa kuti ndi ngongole yoipa chifukwa cha chiwongoladzanja chapamwamba, ndipo ndalamazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogula, osati ndalama, kutanthauza kuti sizimapanga zinthu zatsopano zomwe ndalama zimapangidwira.
Zomwe Zikupangitsa Kukwera Kwa Ngongole Ya Kirediti Kadi
Zinthu zingapo zapangitsa kuti ngongole za kirediti kadi zikweze ku India. Tiyeni tiwone chimodzi ndi chimodzi:
Kukula kwa Chuma ndi Kukwera kwa Ndalama Zopeza
India yakhala ikukula kwambiri pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ndalama zotayidwa ziwonjezeke komanso kuwononga ogula.
Pamene chuma chikukula, anthu amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zogulira komanso amatha kubwereka.
Kukula kumeneku kwathandiza kuti anthu am’gulu lapakati achuluke komanso kuti anthu ambiri azikhala ndi makadi angongole, zomwe zachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri makadi angongole.
Kulephera kudziwa zachuma:
Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri aku India samvetsetsa kuwopsa kwake ndipo mwina sangamvetse bwino zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika, chiwongola dzanja, kapena kubweza zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kirediti kadi.
Mwinanso sangadziwe zilango zomwe zimaperekedwa pobweza mochedwa. Chotsatira chake n’chakuti amawononga ndalama mochulukirachulukira ndipo amaunjikira ngongole ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu.
Kuchulukitsa Kugula ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mopupuluma:
Chikhalidwe cha ogula ku India chawona kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamoyo, zamagetsi, kuyenda, ndi kudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatsa, chitsenderezo cha anthu, ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuyenderana ndi zizolowezi zapangitsanso khalidwe logula zinthu mopupuluma.
Khalidweli lingapangitse kuwononga ndalama mopambanitsa ndi kudalira makadi angongole kuti apeze ndalama zogulira zinthu, kudzetsa ngongole yaikulu ya kirediti kadi.
Kupeza ngongole mosavuta:
Mabungwe azachuma ndi makampani a kirediti kadi apangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa anthu kupeza makhadi. Nthawi zina, safuna ngakhale cheke cha ngongole.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti ogula alowe m'ngongole, ngakhale atakhala kuti sangakwanitse kubweza.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira zotsatsira mwamphamvu, mapulogalamu opatsa mphotho owoneka bwino, ndi zotsatsa zomwe zidavomerezedwa kale zalimbikitsa anthu kuti alembetse makhadi angongole osamvetsetsa bwino lomwe maudindo okhudzana ndi ngongole zomwe zingabweretse.
Chiwongola dzanja Chambiri ndi Zolipiritsa:
Makhadi a ngongole nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi chiwongola dzanja chambiri, makamaka pangongole yozungulira. Chiwongola dzanja chapakati pamakhadi angongole ku India ndi pafupifupi 20%.
Izi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa chiwongola dzanja chamitundu ina ya ngongole, monga ngongole zamagalimoto ndi ngongole zanyumba. Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zolipirira mochedwa, zolipirira pachaka, ndi zolipiritsa zina zimathanso kuwunjikana mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngongole zambiri ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogula amatha kulipira ndalama zambiri ndi chiwongoladzanja ngati sakubweza ngongole yawo ya kirediti kadi pa nthawi yake.
Kukhudzika kwa Ngongole ya Kirediti Kadi pa Mabanja aku India
Mavuto Azachuma ndi Katundu:
Kukwera kwa ngongole za kirediti kadi ku India kwadzetsa mavuto azachuma komanso kulemetsa kwa anthu. Mabanki apamwamba a makadi a kingongole, limodzi ndi chiwongola dzanja chambiri ndi zolipiritsa, zingapangitse kuti eni makhadi alemedwe kwambiri.
Mtolowu ukhoza kubweretsa zovuta pakukwaniritsa zolipirira pamwezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta pazachuma komanso kuchuluka kwa zigawenga. Izi zikuwonekera pozungulira 12.7% kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi osabweza ngongole zawo.
Zotsatira Zoipa pa Ngongole:
Ngongole yosasamalika ya kirediti kadi ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamlingo wangongole wa munthu.
Kulipira mochedwa, kubweza ngongole, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ngongole zambiri kungayambitse kuchepa kwa ngongole, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti anthu azipeza ngongole m'tsogolomu, kuphatikizapo ngongole ndi ngongole zanyumba, ndipo zingapangitse chiwongoladzanja chokwera.
Malinga ndi Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL), ngongole zochepera 750 zimaonedwa kuti ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa munthu kupeza ngongole.
Cholepheretsa Kusunga ndi Kuyika:
Anthu olemedwa ndi ngongole ya kirediti kadi angavutike kupatula ndalama zogulira zinthu zadzidzidzi, zosunga popuma pantchito, kapena mwayi wina wopezera ndalama.
Ndalama zomwe zikanaperekedwa kuti zisungidwe ndi kuyika ndalama m'malo mwake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza ngongole ya kirediti kadi.
Psychological and Social Impact:
Kupanikizika kosalekeza pazachuma, kuda nkhaŵa, ndi kudziloŵetsa m’ngongole kungawononge maganizo.
Komanso, anthu ochokera m'mabanja omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kapena omwe alibe ndalama zochepa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ngongole za kirediti kadi.
Zotsatira zake, kulemedwa kwa ngongole zachiwongola dzanja chambiri komanso kubweza pang'ono kumatha kukulitsa kusiyana kwachuma ndi kukulitsa kusalingana kwa ndalama.
Kodi Chingachitike Chiyani Kuti Muthetse Vuto La Ngongole Ya Kirediti Kadi?
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Pangani Bajeti
Kupanga bajeti ndiye maziko oyendetsera bwino ndalama. Zimaphatikizapo kufufuza ndalama ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mumvetse bwino za komwe ndalama zikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe zingakwaniritsire.
Tsatani ndalama zomwe mumapeza komanso zomwe zawononga: Yambani ndi kulemba magwero onse opezera ndalama ndi kugawa ndalama zomwe zimawononga. Izi zitha kuchitidwa pamanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a bajeti kapena ma spreadsheets.
Dziwani madera oti muwongolere bwino: Ganizirani momwe ndalama zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikupeza malo omwe angachepetse ndalama. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachidziwitso, monga kudya kapena zosangalatsa, kapena kusunga ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse monga zogula kapena zofunikira.
Ikani patsogolo kubweza ngongole: Perekani gawo linalake la bajeti kubweza ngongole ya kirediti kadi. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ngongole za ngongole zakwaniritsidwa pa nthawi yake ndipo zimalepheretsa kusonkhanitsa kwa chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja ndi zilango.
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Chepetsani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kirediti kadi
Kuchepetsa kudalira makadi a ngongole n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mupewe ngongole zambiri. Njira zotsatirazi zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi:
Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi: Sungani kugwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi pogula zinthu zofunika komanso zadzidzidzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito makhadi a ndalama kapena debit pochita zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku, mutha kupewa ngongole zosafunikira komanso kukhala ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
Gwiritsani ntchito kirediti kadi kapena ndalama: Yesetsani kulipira ndi ndalama zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta pa kirediti kadi kapena ndalama. Zimenezi zimalimbikitsa kusamala zandalama ndipo zimachepetsa chiyeso chodalira makadi a ngongole pogula zinthu.
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Lipirani Zochepera Zochepa
Kulipira ndalama zochepa zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa pamakhadi a ngongole kungayambitse ngongole ya nthawi yaitali ndi chiwongoladzanja chowonjezereka.
Lipirani kuposa zosachepera: Ngati n’kotheka, yesetsani kulipira ndalama zopitirira zimene zimayenera kulipira mwezi uliwonse. Popereka ndalama zambiri, mutha kuchepetsa ndalamazo mwachangu ndikuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja chomwe chimaperekedwa.
Ikani patsogolo ngongole zachiwongola dzanja chachikulu: Ngati mutanyamula mabanki pamakhadi angapo angongole, yang'anani kulipira khadi ndi chiwongola dzanja chambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, perekani ndalama zochepa pamakadi ena. Njirayi imachepetsa chiwongola dzanja chonse komanso kuthandiza anthu kukhala opanda ngongole bwino.
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Kuwongolera Zachuma ndi Kusintha kwa Makhalidwe
Kupanga ndi kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino zachuma ndikofunikira pakuwongolera ngongole kwa nthawi yayitali. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti musinthe:
Pangani thumba lazadzidzi: Kukhazikitsa thumba lachidziwitso kumapereka chitetezo chandalama pazowonongeka zosayembekezereka. Kukhala ndi ndalama zodalira kumachepetsa chiyeso chogwiritsa ntchito makhadi a ngongole pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa ngongole zina.
Yang'anani pafupipafupi mawu a kirediti kadi: Onaninso mosamalitsa mawu a mwezi uliwonse pa kirediti kadi kuti muzindikire msanga kusagwirizana, zolipiritsa zosaloleka, kapena kuchita zachinyengo. Kupereka lipoti ndi kuthetsa nkhani mwachangu kungapewe mavuto ena azachuma.
Kupititsa patsogolo luso lazachuma: Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yanu kudziphunzitsa nokha za ndalama zandekha, ziyeneretso za khadi la ngongole, kuwerengera chiwongoladzanja, ndi njira zoyendetsera ngongole. Kuwerenga mabuku, kupeza zothandizira pa intaneti, kapena kupita kumisonkhano kungakuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zandalama mwanzeru.
Kutsiliza
Kuthana ndi vuto langongole ya kirediti kadi ku India kumafuna njira zingapo zophatikizira maphunziro azachuma, njira zoyendetsera, machitidwe obwereketsa odalirika, komanso udindo wamunthu payekha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi, anthu amatha kuwongolera ngongole zawo, mabungwe azachuma amatha kulimbikitsa kubwereka moyenera, ndipo owongolera amatha kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogula.
Siyani Mumakonda