Lachiwiri, February 1, 2022, adawona mwambo wa Bajeti ya Union womwe udaperekedwa ndi Nduna ya Zachuma ku India, Ms. Nirmala Sitharaman.
Adanyamula piritsi kuti awerenge zomwe zagawika m'mafakitale onse, zomwe zimakulitsa lingaliro la digito mdziko muno.
Tiyeni tidutse mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Budget'22 kuti tiwone zomwe boma lakonzera dziko lino chaka chino.
Digitalization ndi Technology
Pakhala pali chidwi chachikulu pakupanga digito ndi boma mochedwa, ndipo bajeti ndi umboni wa izi.
Zofunikira zazikulu mu gawo la digito ndiukadaulo zinali -
1. Kupanga mayunivesite a digito kudzachitika m'dziko lonselo kuti apatse ophunzira aku India mwayi wophunzirira kutali komanso maphunziro apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Maphunzirowa azichitika m'zilankhulo zingapo zachigawo kuti alimbikitse maphunziro m'madera onse komanso kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a ophunzira.
2. Padzakhala malonda a 5G spectrum omwe adzachitika m'chaka cha 2022-23 kuti atulutse maukonde amtundu wa 5G chaka chino ndi mabungwe apadera. Mawonekedwe otsogozedwa ndi mapangidwe adzakhazikitsidwanso kuti azitha kukonza zachilengedwe zolimba za 5G kuti zilimbikitse kufalikira kwa maukonde padziko lonse lapansi.
3. Ma positi ofesi onse, okwana 35 crores, tsopano alumikizidwa ku banki. Izi zidzathandiza anthu okhala kumadera akumidzi ndi akumidzi komanso anthu akuluakulu kupeza ma akaunti awo a PO mosavuta pafoni zawo zam'manja. Anthu azithanso kusamutsa ndalama pakati pa maakaunti a positi ofesi ndi mabanki mosasamala.
4. Dongosolo la zaumoyo padziko lonse la digito lakhazikitsidwa kuti likhazikitsidwe posachedwa kuti lipititse patsogolo chisamaliro chaumoyo mdziko muno ndikupititsa patsogolo chisamaliro cha odwala ndi akaunti. Chowonjezera pa ndondomekoyi ndi National Tele Mental Health Programme, yomwe yakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha umoyo wamaganizo a nzika zomwe zakhudzidwa chifukwa cha mliriwu zomwe zidzapereke uphungu wabwino.
5. Dzikoli lakhazikitsidwa kuti likhazikitse rupiya yake yoyamba ya digito, yomwe idzagwire ntchito pa intaneti ya blockchain. Ndalama ya digito ya banki yayikulu. Idzakulitsa chuma cha digito mdziko muno polimbikitsa kubweza kopitilira muyeso kutengera luso laukadaulo komanso momwe India amaonera zolipira zopanda ndalama.
6. Mabanki 75 ali okonzeka kukhazikitsidwa m'maboma 75 osiyanasiyana kuti alimbikitse kukhazikika kwachuma m'madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi.
7. Chip ophatikizidwa ndi ma e-Passports okhala ndi ukadaulo wamtsogolo adzakhazikitsidwa kuti athandize nzika zonse zoyenda kunja kwanyanja. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapasipoti akuthupi kudzachepetsedwa ndi gawo ili la digito.
zomangamanga
Kuyang'ana kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga mdziko muno kwadziwika ndi Union Budget 2022.
Kuchokera pakupanga misewu yayikulu, kupereka ndalama zothandizira kupititsa patsogolo ndi kumanga njanji, kupereka chithandizo kuzinthu zina zachitukuko - pafupifupi Rs. 40 lakh crores ayikidwa pambali kuti athandizire ku India.
1. Misewu ikuluikulu yapadziko lonse yakonzedwa kuti ikulitsidwe ndi makilomita a 25,000 chaka chino, pamodzi ndi pulogalamu ya chitukuko cha ropeway yomwe ikuyambitsidwa mu chitsanzo cha mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi mabungwe. Misewu yolimba mdziko muno ithandiza kutukuka kwachuma ku India komanso kupititsa patsogolo misewu yayikulu.
2. Sitima zapamtunda za 400 za Vande Bharat ndi malo atsopano onyamula katundu 100 adzayambitsidwa ndikupangidwa zaka zitatu zikubwerazi. Pafupifupi 1.5 lakh crores aperekedwa ku njanji chaka chino.
3. Ndalama 1500 crores ayikidwa pambali makamaka pazochita zachitukuko ku North East limodzi ndi kuthandizira ntchito zopezera amayi ndi achinyamata a boma.
4. Ma park a multimodal logistics park akhazikitsidwa chaka chino chandalama m'malo anayi osiyanasiyana.
Izi zidzakulitsa mphamvu yonyamula katundu m'dzikolo ndi malo ochepera maekala 100 pagawo lililonse lokhala ndi malo apadera osungira, mayendedwe osavuta, ndi nyumba zosungiramo makina.
Agriculture
Popeza ulimi ndi msana wa dziko lathu, nthawi zonse wakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu bajeti iliyonse.
Mu uno mwaka, nankyo, kulondalonda balondi ne kwibakomeja kushintulula’ko pa kufikidija būmi bwa bene Kidishitu.
1. Ndalama zotsimikizika kwa alimi onse zalengezedwa ndi kugawidwa kopitilira Rs. 2 lakh crores yomwe ibwera pamtengo wochepera wachindunji wothandizira ulimi wa tirigu ndi paddy chaka chino.
2. Kisan Drones pofuna kuyesa mbewu, digito ya zolemba, ndi kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo akupatsidwanso chidwi chachikulu, ndipo boma likuthandizira kwambiri ma Drone onse omwe amapanga zoyambira kuti azilimbikitsa ulimi waku India ndiukadaulo.
3. Malowa akuthandizira ulimi wopanda mankhwala komanso zachilengedwe kudzera mu PPP popereka ntchito zaukadaulo waukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito digito kwa alimi onse mdziko muno. Ndalama zaperekedwa kuti zithandizire mokwanira zaulimi ndi mabizinesi akumidzi.
4. Kuchulukirachulukira kukuganiziridwa mu gawo la zaulimi ndi nkhalango za ulimi waku India, pomwe kusintha kwa malamulo kukuchitika limodzi ndi thandizo la ndalama kwa alimi ochokera ku milandu ya SC ndi ST.
5. Silabasi ya mayunivesite a zaulimi isinthidwa chaka chino kuti igwirizane ndi bajeti ya ziro, ulimi wa organic, kasamalidwe ka mtengo, ndi ulimi wamakono.
misonkho
Ngakhale msonkho wa phindu ma slabs amakhalabe momwemo kale, pakhala kusintha kwa malamulo amisonkho.
1. Katundu wonse wa digito, kuphatikiza ndalama za crypto ndi Digital Rupee yomwe yangoyambitsidwa kumene, idzakhomeredwa msonkho pamlingo wa 30%. Kusamutsidwa ndi phindu zidzaphatikizidwa m'peresenti ya msonkhoyi, popanda kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuchotsera ndalama, kupatulapo mtengo wogula zinthuzi. 1% TDS yowonjezera idzalipidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito chuma cha digito panthawi iliyonse yachuma kuti musunge zolembazo.
2. Onse ogwira ntchito m'maboma ndi m'maboma awona kuwonjezeka kwa malire ochotsera msonkho kuchoka pa 10% kufika pa 14% kuti apititse patsogolo ubwino wa chitetezo cha anthu operekedwa ndi maboma a boma kwa antchito awo ndikuwabweretsa mofanana ndi ogwira ntchito m'boma.
3. Kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja chamakampani kudachitikanso ngati gawo la bajeti ya Union 2022, yomwe idachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 12% mpaka 7.
4. Mabungwe amgwirizano adzalipiritsidwa msonkho wochepera 15% poyerekeza ndi 18.5% yam'mbuyomu, pomwe makampani adzaloledwa kulipira 15% yokha.
5. Boma lakhazikitsa 15 peresenti ya msonkho wamakampani kumakampani onse atsopano mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chino chandalama cha 2022-2023.
ndalama
Pafupifupi 1 lakh crore yaperekedwa kuti ithandizire dzikolo ndi mabizinesi, kuphatikiza kuthandiza mayiko kuti apititse patsogolo lingaliro lonse lazachuma.
1. India tsopano ipereka zomangira payekha kuthandizira ndalama zogwirira ntchito zobiriwira mdziko muno ngati gawo la pulogalamu yobwereketsa boma chaka chino. Izi zithandiza kuti anthu azitha kuyika ndalama m'mabizinesi aboma omwe atha kubweza mtsogolo.
2. Mapiritsi 7.5 lakh crore ikuperekedwa kuti igwiritse ntchito ndalama zazikulu ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu kwa CAPEX kuti chuma chitsitsimuke patatha zaka ziwiri za mliri.
3. Kuchotsa ndalama m'dzikolo kwakhazikika pa Rs. 65,000 crores kudzera m'makampani aboma, ochepera chaka chatha cha 1.75 lakh crore, kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa boma m'mabizinesi.
4. Boma lifuna ndalama zokwana $203 biliyoni poyambitsa LIC IPO yake pa 5% yogulitsa gawo lake kukampani.
5. Ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zidzakwera kuchokera ku 1.3% kufika ku 2.9% ya GDP kuti zithandizire chuma.
Education
Kuwonjezeka kwa Rs. 11,000 crores kuposa masiku onse, Bajeti ya Union yapereka pafupifupi Rs. 1 lakh crore m'gawo la maphunziro ndipo onse ali okonzeka kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa ophunzira omwe anali m'gulu la omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliriwu.
1. Ntchito ya One-Class TV Channel ikuganiziridwa pansi pa ndondomeko ya PM e-Vidya. Njira zophunzirira zidzakulitsidwa kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 200 kuti zilimbikitse maphunziro apamwamba m'zilankhulo ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana.
2. Maphunziro a pakompyuta nawonso akupita patsogolo, ndipo ndalama zopitirira ma Rs. 400 crores yoperekedwa kwa yemweyo.
3. Chiwembu chopereka ma e-content apamwamba kudzera m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana chidzakhazikitsidwa chomwe chidzachitike pa intaneti kudzera mwa aphunzitsi a digito.
4 Rs. Mamiliyoni 1800 aperekedwa ku masukulu 15,000 kuti agwiritse ntchito National Education Policy 2020 ndikupititsa patsogolo luso ndi luso lomwe masukulu akuyenera kupereka.
5. Dipatimenti yofufuza ndi zatsopano idzapatsidwa Rs. 200 crores, ndi thandizo la ndalama zokwana Rs. 9420 crores (mayunivesite apakati) ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama za IIT ndi IIM poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.
Ufulu
Zaumoyo nthawi zonse zakhala zofunikira kwambiri ku boma la India chifukwa zimalimbikitsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa nzika zake.
Zosintha zina zachitika pansi pa ndondomeko yazaumoyo mu bajeti ya chaka chino.
Nyumba za 1. 80 lakh zonse ziyenera kumalizidwa chaka chino pansi pa PM Awas Yojana.
Mabanja aku India okwana 2 crore adzathandizidwa ndi pulogalamu ya Har Ghar Nal Se Jal kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa madzi mosalekeza kumadera akumidzi ndi akumidzi.
3. Pulogalamu ya aspirational block idzakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhazikitse midadada yotsalira m'maboma onse omwe akufuna kuti apite patsogolo.
4. Kuyang'ana kwambiri midzi yaku Northern Border yomwe sinayiwonedwe pazachitukuko pansi pa Vibrant Villages Programme.
Mawu omaliza
Bajeti ya mgwirizano wa 2022 yawona ndalama zonse zaboma za Rs. 3,944,909 crores, kuyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chatha.
Ngakhale magawo ena awona kuchepa kwa kugawidwa kwa bajeti, magawo ena monga digito, ukadaulo, ndi zomangamanga, akhala akuchulukirachulukira kuposa kale.
Pali chidwi chofuna kupangitsa India kukhala ya digito ndi mapulogalamu ochulukirachulukira omwe akuyambitsa kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kudzera m'magawo osiyanasiyana adzikolo.
Siyani Mumakonda