Mari chaiyo iri panjodzi kana uchitenga masheya uye sarudzo, saka chero sarudzo isina kunaka inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru.
Nekuda kwekusagadzikana uku, vatengesi vanoshandisa nzira dzekutenga nekutengesa zvichienderana neakasiyana mazinga uye nhungamiro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinangwa zvemusika. Vanoedza nemaitiro akasiyana vasati vapinda mumusika.
Pakutanga, vatengesi vanoedza nzira dzakasiyana dzekutengesa pamakomputa vachiona machati ekutengesa. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, vagadziri vazhinji vakagadzira backtesting software yekuyedza nzira dzekutengesa dziri nani vachishandisa yapfuura data. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inobatsira mukugadzirisa nzira yekutengesa kuti iwedzere purofiti.
Nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzosera kumashure, zvisinei, dzinosiyana zvichienderana nedanho rehunyanzvi hwekutengesa, iyo inosvikika system, nyika, uye zvimwe zvakafanana.
Nhasi, tine zvakare software yepamusoro inobatsira vatengesi mukati sarudzo dzekutengesa kuitira kuti vawane purofiti yakakura.
Chii chinonzi Backtesting?
Sarudzo backtesting inzira inotyisa yekuona kuti sarudzo dzako dzekutengesa sarudzo dzichashanda sei uye kuona kuti unoshandisa nzira yakanaka uchitengesa nemari chaiyo kuita sarudzo dzakangwara.
Sarudzo uye stock backtesting yakafanana nemativi maviri emari imwechete. Musiyano mukuru pakati pevari vaviri ndeyekuti sarudzo backtesting inoongorora yakatarwa seti yezviyero zvekutengesa sarudzo.
Iwe unogashira yakazara data inosanganisira kutengeserana kwakapedzwa, kudhirowa, njodzi-mubairo chiyero, kuwedzera kudzoka, kubudirira%, nezvimwe.
Chii chinonzi Backtesting Software?
Kubudirira kwemaitiro ekutengesa kana ekudyara kunoedzwa uchishandisa backtesting software, iyo inobatsirawo kufanotaura kuti ichaita sei mune ramangwana.
Kutandara kwe a urongwa hwokutengesa kushandisa zvakapfuura data kubva kumari zvinhu senge sarudzo, migove, uye nezvimwe zvinoenderana neiyo backtesting kodhi musoftware.
Kuti uite kudaro, mamiriro akasiyana emusika uye datasets anoshandiswa kuyedza kudzoka kwemuenzaniso. Kusarudza nzira yekutengesa inoita zvakanakisa zvichienderana neruzivo rwenhoroondo, inivhesitimendi mabhanga nevapi vezano vezvemari vanogadzirisa akasiyana siyana ekutengesa nzira zvinhu uye kuongorora kugona kwenzira dzekutengesa.
Zvakare, nyanzvi dzekutengesa dzinogona kushandisa backtesting software kuwana data pane inotarisirwa mambure purofiti / kurasikirwa, kuratidzwa kwemusika, kushanduka-shanduka, njodzi-yakagadziriswa kudzoka, uye kudzoka pasina kuisa chero mari panjodzi.
Ngatitarisei iyo gumi nembiri sarudzo dzekudzosera kumashure maturusi uye software:
KutengesaView
Vanosvika mamirioni mazana maviri vanhu vanoshanyira TradingView mwedzi wega wega, iyo yakakura kuita imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa epasirese ekutengeserana masocial network.
TradingView inopa akati wandei machati uye ekuongorora mabasa ayo anogona kushandiswa pazviridzwa zvinotengeswa paanenge ese epasirese stock exchange, kunyangwe ari emahara.
Kupfuurirazve, TradingView inopa inovandudza backtesting software mhinduro inotsigirwa nemusika wepasi rose kuwana uye akasiyana ekutengesa zviratidzo uye midziyo (masheya, mari yekunze, cryptocurrency, nezvimwe).
Kune akawanda akasiyana backtesting zvinyorwa uye matekiniki anowanikwa pachikuva. Nekudaro, rangarira kuti kunyangwe mazhinji acho ari emahara, iwe unofanirwa kuvabhadharira kana iwe uchida kuwana nzira dzepamberi.
Yayo mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika dhizaini ndeimwe yemabhenefiti makuru eTradingView's backtesting tool. Mishumo yemhinduro yakanaka.
Inosanganisira ruzivo pamusoro pekuita purofiti, kusanganisira net profit, drawdown, purofiti trades, nezvimwe. Iwo anotengeserana anoratidzwa zvinooneka kuti zvive nyore kutaridzika kwekutarisa pane chati.
Kusarudza iyo Pro uye Pro Plus vhezheni inorairwa kana iwe uchifunga kushandisa TradingView kune yakawedzera hunyanzvi yekudzosera kumashure uye kuongororwa kwekutengesa.
Imhaka yekuti ivo vanopa mukana kune akakura akakura emachati, zviratidzi, uye masaini ekutengesa mukuwedzera pakupa isingaenzaniswi nevatengi sevhisi uye kuwana intraday chaiyo-nguva data pazvinhu zvinenge zvese.
Pamusoro pe2,000,000 vanhu vanogara vachiendesa pfungwa uye nzira dzekutengesa dzaunogona kushandisa mahara kana kutenga, inova imwe yeakanakisa maficha eTradingView's backtesting chishandiso.
Pamusoro pezvo, iwe unogona kukwira pamwe chete mutambo wako nekuti nharaunda yese yakabatana kuyedza kuita zvirinani kuita zvekutengesa.
Pfungwa dzekutengesa
Trade Mazano ndiyo yakanakira backtesting chishandiso chekubatsira iwe kutora mukana weiyo inogoneka yehungwaru hwekugadzira sezvo iri kukurumidza kuita tsika inotonga mumisika yemasheya.
Chirongwa chekuongorora masheya chine otomatiki yekudzosera kumashure masimba ayo anokuita kuti uongorore zviitiko zvakapfuura kuti uone kuti chaiwo mazano ekutengesa angadai akaita sei mumamiriro akasiyana.
OddsMaker, yakasarudzika module yakadzikwa mukati meTrade-Ideas stock scanner, ndiro zita reiyo backtesting ficha. Inowanikwa pakutenga kwakasiyana uye chikamu cheiyo Trade Ideas Premium kunyoreswa.
Ikozvino ndiyo yakanyanya musika "chiitiko-based" stock alert backtesting. Zvakare, Chaiyo-nguva yekuongorora musika uye kuwanikwa kwepamusoro-purofiti inotarisirwa kutengeserana mazano inovimbiswa kana stock analyzer uye backtesting software inoshandiswa pamwechete.
Mutengesi anogona kuona kuti chii chaizoitika dai akatora mukana pawakatanga kuzviburitsa. Iko hakuna scripting kana programming inodiwa yekugonesa backtesting, iyo inoshamisa mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika.
Yakabatanidzwa AI yekutengesa algorithms inogona kushandiswa seyekuwedzera kune backtesting software mhinduro.
Trade Ideas Pro inopa masaini ekupinda uye ekubuda uye yakazara data pane kutengeserana kwakadzoserwa kubudirira.
Kuburikidza neiyo Brokerage API, mutengesi anogona kutobvumira software kuti iite kutengeserana yakazvimirira, zvichienderana neyakagadzikwa maitiro. Iyo chokwadi chekuti AI algorithms yagara ichipfuura musika nekufamba kwenguva inonyanya kukosha.
Forex Tester
Iyo yakanyanya mvura chikamu chemari pasi rose ndiyo Forex musika. Kutengeserana kwe Forex kwakasiyana nekutengesa mune chero imwe misika yemari nekuti zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kushanduka.
Kana iwe ukatengesa forex, iwe unoda back tester kuratidza maitirwo ako maitiro mumusika uyu unotyisa.
Chishandiso ichi isoftware yakasarudzika yekudzosera kumashure forex trades iyo inoratidza kuti hunyanzvi hwako huchashanda sei kana iwe uchitengesa mari peya pachinzvimbo chemusika wemasheya.
Migumisiro yacho iri nyore kunzwisisa, izvo zvinowedzera kushanda kwekuziva nzvimbo dzekuvandudza.
Uyezve, Forex Tester chirongwa chakatarisana chekudzosera kumashure icho chinokunda pane zvachinoita. Forex Tester ndeimwe yeakanyanya mushandisi-ane hushamwari mhinduro iripo izvozvi, nekuda kweiyi tarisiro yakazvipira pakugadzira iyo huru yekudzosera chishandiso chekutengesa forex.
Kune yavo base chirongwa, Forex Tester inodhura imwe-nguva mubhadharo we $149. Nehurombo, iyo yekutanga tester inokwanisa chete yakawanda. Iyo kambani Super data chirongwa, iyo inodhura $29.99 pamwedzi, inoshanda zvakanyanya kana yakaunganidzwa nechirongwa.
TrendSpider
Imwe backtesting software chirongwa chekufunga nezvacho TrendSpider. Inofambisa hunyanzvi hwekuongorora nerubatsiro rwechati uye chenjedzo. Iwe unogona kuvimba neakakosha intraday data uye anopfuura makore makumi maviri enhoroondo data yemazuva ese nguva furemu yekudyisa mune backtested matekiniki.
Neiyi nzira, iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuwedzera kwemhando dzemodheru dzako uye kudzima nzira dzekutengesa dzingadai dzakaita zvisina kunaka uchishandisa chaiyo-nguva data.
Pamusoro pezvo, maturusi ekudzosera anogona kushandisa inoshanda kutengeserana-nemitemo kudzokorora ruzivo rwekutengesa munyika chaiyo nemazvo uye akakodzera kune ese marefu uye mapfupi maitiro.
Sezvo iyo software iri chati-yakavakirwa (kubva paminiti 1 kusvika pagore), unogona kungogadzira tekinoroji yekutenga nekutengesa mitemo usingazive kunyora mutsara wekodhi. Saka, semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kugadzira akasarudzika nzira kubva kutanga, unogona kusanganisa akati wandei zviratidzo, mutengo chiito chekutengesa masaini, vhoriyamu, portfolio machati mapatani, nezvimwe.
Izvo zvinodzosera kumashure zvinhu zveTrendSpider zvakanangana zvachose pane yekuona interface, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka sarudzo kunyangwe kune manovices.
Machati anoshandiswawo kuratidza mhedzisiro yekudzosera kumashure, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuona vatambi vepamusoro nevepasi uye imwe data yakakosha senge otomatiki maitiro, kuhwina-chiyero, purofiti, uye kudhirowa.
Naizvozvo, iwe unogona kukurumidza kuona kuti ndedzipi pfungwa dzekutengeserana dzinonyanya kuvimbisa uye ndedzipi dzinogona kubatsirwa kubva kune imwezve gadziriso yakanaka.
Tickeron
Zvemastock, ETFs, forex, uye cryptocurrencies, Tickeron's backtesting ndeye otomatiki uye inoratidzira yakasarudzika AI-powered chati pateni kuzivikanwa uye kufanotaura algorithms. Kana zvasvika pakupa thematic modhi portfolio, chaiyo pateni-yakavakirwa masaini ekutengesa, budiriro mukana, uye AI mazinga ekuvimba, Tickeron anokunda.
Chikuva chekutengesa chaTickeron chinosanganisa hungwaru hwekugadzira nehungwaru hwevanhu hunoenderana nenharaunda yevatengesi kuenzanisa kuti vanhu nemichina vanofunga sei.
Uyezve, inopa huwandu hwakaoma hwezvimiro uye zvakanakira zvakagadzirirwa kune yako yekudyara maitiro, inotarisa kune vatengesi vemazuva, vatengesi ve swing, uye vanoisa mari. Tickeron inogadzira mazano ekutengesa anoenderana nemaitiro ekuzivikanwa achishandisa AI misimboti.
Chekutanga, vanoshandisa yavo pateni yekutsvaga injini kutsvaga iyo pamusika wemari kune equities inokodzera chaiyo mutengo mapatani kubva kuraibhurari yehunyanzvi hwekuongorora mapatani.
Imwe neimwe yakawanikwa pateni, hongu, ine nhoroondo yekubudirira yakadzoserwa kumashure, uye yavo Trend Prediction Injini inotora budiriro iyi mukufunga kana vachifanotaura.
metastock
Yepamberi scanning, backtesting, uye fungidziro inosanganiswa neyakazvimiririra, broker-neutral platform MetaStock nehunyanzvi.
Uchishandisa chikuva, unogona kudzosera zano rako pamusika wese uye chimwe chiridzwa. Inopawo mukana wekugadzira uye kuyedza yako yakaomesesa nzira dzekutengesa, pamwe nekusarudza kubva pre-yakagadzirwa backtesting mamiriro.
Usadaro, zvisinei, kunyanya kufara!
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iwe unozoda imwe yakakosha ruzivo rwekodha kana iwe uchida kugadzira yakaoma backtesting modhi.
Nekuti MetaStock inoratidza iyo backtesting data nenzira yakapusa-ku-kunzwisisa, vatengesi vanoifarirawo. Iwe unogona kuchera zvakadzika mune yega yega chirongwa chekutenga kana kutengesa masaini ekutengesa.
Nekuita izvi, unogona kuongorora rumwe ruzivo senge ukuru hwekutengesa, kureba kwayo, purofiti uye kurasikirwa, nezvimwe.
Chishandiso chekufanotaura chimwe chinhu chinokwevera vatengesi vazhinji kuMetaStock. Kubatanidza nhamba uye masvomhu kunoguma mune yakajeka mukana wegore raunogona kushandisa kuona yako kumira-kurasikirwa uye purofiti zvinangwa zvakanyanya.
Kana yakasanganiswa neiyo backtesting kugona, vanogona kuratidza nzira yakanaka yekuwana purofiti kubva kune reactive uye proactive data.
MetaStock's interface yakatwasuka, kunyangwe zvingave zvisina kunaka kuitsanangura seine yakasimba retro aesthetic. Pane zviri nani zviri nani backtesting software iripo kana iwe wakaomarara nezve kutaridzika kwechirongwa chaunoshandisa.
TradeStation
TradeStation inonyanya kuzivikanwa seyepamusoro-zuva rekutengesa brokerage femu inopa komisheni-yemahara kutengeserana. Stocks, ETFs, zvibvumirano zveramangwana, sarudzo, cryptocurrencies, itirana mari, uye zvakawanda zvinogona kutengeswa.
Kune rimwe divi, huwandu hweakaomesesa maficha anopihwa neayo epamusoro-tier TradeStation desktop papuratifomu kazhinji haaonekwe.
Iwe unogona kudzosera kumashure, kunatsa, uye kunyatso gadzirisa yako yekutengesa hurongwa mukati mehuwandu hweequities uye remangwana midziyo kuburikidza neTradeStation. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo puratifomu ine makumi emakore 'yakakosha yenhoroondo yemusika data, ichikubvumidza iwe kuti ugadzire ane ruzivo rwemhando.
Kugadzira, kuyedza, uye kunatsiridza yako yekutengesa nzira munguva-chaiyo usingaise capital yako panjodzi, musanganiswa weiyo backtesting kugona uye inoteedzerwa yekutengeserana kugona kunoratidza kuti ndiyo yakafanira chinodiwa.
Nekuita izvi, unogona kuzorora uye kutora nguva yakawanda sezvinodiwa kuti uwedzere kuzvisimbisa uye kuwedzera kushanda kwemaitiro ako usati wazviita munyika chaiyo.
Ninja mutengesi
NinjaTrader inzira yekutengesa simulation ine yakaomesesa machati uye backtesting maficha akavakirwa paC # programming mutauro.
Iyi puratifomu, iyo inonyanya kutarisisa nezve remangwana rekutengesa, inzira inonakidza yekugadzirira misika mhenyu ine kudzidzira kutengesa uye nyanzvi yemusika data.
NinjaTrader iri pakati peakanakisa backtesting softwares inowanikwa mumusika maererano nekushanda.
Vashandisi vepuratifomu vanokwanisa kuwana yakakura yakasarudzika mafidhi enhoroondo, akaomesesa machati uye ekuongorora maturusi, mazana ezviratidzi, uye zviuru zvevechitatu-bato ma-add-ons uye maapplication ekuwedzera mamwe maitiro.
Vagadziri vepuratifomu vakavimbisa rubatsiro rusingagumi, kuwana kuenderera mberi kwekutungamira kwekudyara, uye kugara uchidzidzira webinars.
Iyo yakabudirira yekutengesa zano paNinjaTrader inogona kuvakwa uchishandisa yakabatanidzwa simulation yekutengesa modhi zvakare.
Uyezve, iwe unowana mukana kune yakakwira-inoshanda injini kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvekufananidza uye backtesting kugona, izvo zvinoita kuti iwe ugone kugadzirisa zvachose kushaya simba kwepasi kwekudzidziswa kwemahara.
Iyi puratifomu iri pakati peakanyanya backtesting software sarudzo dziripo uye inoshandiswa nevose vari vaviri novice uye vane ruzivo rwemangwana vatengesi. Iwe hauzonyadziswi kana ukasarudza kutevera.
Iyo drawback ndeyekuti rezinesi reNinjaTrader rinofanira kutengwa kuti ubatanidze kuakaundi yebrokerage.
MetaTrader 5
Kuve inonyanya kushandiswa forex yekutengesa chikuva pasi rese zvinongowedzera mutoro wekuremekedza MetaTrader 5's backtesting performance.
Zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti hazvikuregi pasi, kunyangwe zvidiki zvidiki senge dated mushandisi interface.
Vasati vaenda kurarama, vashandisi vanogona kudzosera kumashure uye kunatsiridza nzira dzavo dzekutengesa vachishandisa Metatrader Trading Strategy Tester kugona. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo forex backtesting chishandiso MetaTrader 5 inogonesa kutumirwa kwe "Nyanzvi Advisors," kana kutengesa marobhoti.
Kune vanhu vanobatanidzwa mumabasa ekutengeserana ekunze, iyo MetaTrader 5 Strategy Tester inogonesa kuyedzwa kwemaotomatiki ekutengesa masisitimu. Iyo ficha inokwanisa kugadzirisa yakaoma masvomhu uye computational nyaya.
Kune akasiyana siyana ekuyedza modes uko nhoroondo data feeds, parameter optimization modhi, uye mamwe maturusi anogona kushandiswa.
Iyo inobuda inomiririrwa zvinoyevedza ichishandisa magirafu, machati, uye 3D modhi, zvakanyanya seaya akagadzirwa nemapurogiramu ekuongorora data seR nePython.
Tataura izvozvo, vanotanga kutsvaga intuitive forex backtesting chishandiso vanogona kusawana iyo Meta Trader 5 zano rekuyedza kugona kuve ndiyo inonyanya kushanda sarudzo.
Asi izvo zvinoenderana nekuziva kwako nekodha. Kune vatengesi vekutanga, simba guru repuratifomu uye akasiyana emabasa epamberi anogona kunge achinyanya kuwanda.
Nekudaro, pasina mubvunzo ndeimwe yeakanakisa sarudzo kana iwe uchitsvaga yakanyanya yepamusoro nhoroondo backtesting system. Chinhu chakanyanya kunaka ndechekuti MT5 inogonesa algorithmic uye otomatiki kuuraya, ichikutendera iwe rusununguko rwakakwana.
Inopindirana Broker
Inopindirana Broker inomira kunze kwemukurumbira wayo westellar uye mitengo inokwanisika seimwe yeakanakisa mafemu ebrokerage.
Chikamu chakakosha chemusika chakavimba nekambani nekuti yaive imwe yekutanga kuunza kuderedzwa kwebrokerage, bhizinesi modhi.
Varidzi vemaakaunti eInteractive Brokers vanowana mukana weiyo yese yekudyara nyika, kusanganisira masheya, mabhondi, ETFs, ramangwana, sarudzo, mutual funds, uye FX yekutengesa.
Iyi puratifomu ine muunganidzwa wakakwana weanopfuura makumi matatu ekucheka-kumucheto ekutengesa maturusi akagadzirwa kuti asangane nevatambi vese vemusika zvinodiwa.
Iyo yakaomesesa Portfolio Builder chishandiso inosanganisira Interactive Brokers 'yakakosha backtesting michina.
Inopa vatengesi nezvese zvavanoda kuvaka chirongwa chekudyara uye kuongorora kubudirira kwayo zvichienderana neruzivo rwakakosha, kwete. zvekushandisa ongororo, sezita raro
Uyezve, kutsvagisa kwepamusoro-soro uye data yakakosha, kusanganisira masosi kubva kune vanotungamira kutenga-padivi vatengesi, vanoongorora, chaiyo-nguva data uye nhau kutenderera, stock report, nezvimwe, zvinoshandiswa kutsigira Interactive Brokers 'portfolio kuvaka uye backtesting zvishandiso.
Nekuda kweiyo yakasanganiswa yakananga musika kuwana, iwe unogona kuita kushambadzira kwepamoyo nekungodzvanya kushoma kana iwe uchinge wanakidzwa nekuita kwehurongwa panguva yekudzosera kumashure chikamu.
Microsoft Excel
Excel ine backtesting kugona zvakare. Yakanga iri yekutanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya vatengesi vezvishandiso vakashandiswa kugadzira modhi dzekutengesa otomatiki.
Excel backtesting mabasa anoda kushanda kubata kweVBA. Semuenzaniso, seti yeExcel formula inoshanda kana iwe uchida kuita imwe yekutanga-level stock kana currency backtesting.
Sezvo Excel iine zviuru zvezvidzidzo zvekuita backtesting, kana wakatsunga kuishandisa, une ese maturusi anodiwa kuti uve nyanzvi.
Pamusoro pezvo, iwe unogona kutobatanidza iyo Excel-based trading system nemamwe mabroker, seInteractive Brokers. Iyo IB Excel API inofanirwa kuiswa kuti ipedze iyo iri nyore maitiro.
Padivi rakashata, mapuratifomu akanyatso kugadzirirwa backtesting uye otomatiki execution ane simba kupfuura Excel. Tichifunga kuti ichi hachisi chinangwa chayo chekutanga, zvine musoro. Kana iwe uchishaya hunyanzvi hwakakosha, Excel inogona kunge isiri pakati peyakanakisa yekudzosera dzimwe nzira dzako uye pasina mubvunzo haisiriyo inonyanya kushanda sarudzo.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvidiki zvepurojekiti uye nguva yainotora kuimisa uye kumhanya sestock backtesting software. Nekudaro, iyi ndiyo yekusarudza kana iwe uchida ruzivo neyechinyakare kutengeserana ongororo.
Quantshare
Inokurudzirwa kune vaongorori vehuwandu vanogadzira akasimba otomatiki masisitimu uye kukoshesa kuwana kune akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa zvakanyanya-anogadzirwa nevashandisi mazano, asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva maitiro ekunyora.
Sezvinoreva zita, QuantShare inyanzvi mukugonesa vaongorori vehuwandu kugovera masisitimu emasheya. Ivo vane yakakura masisitimu musika ine matani ezvinoedzwa, anogona kushandiswa zvinhu. Iwe unogona kuisa mukudzidzira uye kuyedza nhamba isingaperi yesarudzo kana uine pfungwa yekuronga.
Ivo zvakare vanopa Point & Click system kuita. Iyo AI Optimizer's Artificial Intelligence yekubatanidza inonakidza sezvo ivo vachirega sisitimu ichisanganisa mitemo yakati wandei kuona kuti ndeipi inopindirana zvakanyanya. Ivo zvakare vane yakasimba neural network-based prediction models.
mhedziso
Kudzokera kumashure kwakakosha nekuti kunokubvumidza kuti ugadzirise nzira yako nekuyedza nzira dzakasiyana dzekutarisira njodzi uye purofiti mamiriro kuti uone kuti ndeipi yakanyatso kuenzana.
Pamusoro pezvo, inobatsira mukunongedza kukanganisa kwemuenzaniso wako wekutengesa. Nenzira iyi, unogona kugadzirisa matambudziko munzvimbo yekudzidzira uye kuyedza kushanda kwechirongwa pasina kuisa chero mari.
Kazhinji, vatengesi nevanoongorora vanokudziridza chivimbo chekuti iyo yakadzoserwa zano ndeyechokwadi uye inogona kunge iri sarudzo inogoneka yekuenda nayo kana ikaburitsa zvakanaka.
Sezvineiwo, marongero anoita zvisizvo panguva yekudzokera kumashure achaita kuti vagadziri vawo vagadzirise kana kuvasiya zvachose.
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