California, iyo Goridhe nyika yeUnited States, ine hupfumi hukuru hwemadhora mazana matatu nemazana mana emadhora (3.4), inozivikanwa neSilicon Valley yayo, mamiriro ekunze akanaka, mahombekombe ane jecha, kushanya, uye Hollywood studio.
California yakasangana nekumhanyisa goridhe muna 1848, zvichiita kuti vanhu vazhinji vagare mudunhu. Kutama kwakakura uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu vakakwanisa California kune statehood muna 1850. Uye gare gare, yakava musha kumakambani epamusoro-soro eSilicon Valley akaita seApple, Microsoft, Google, Tesla, nezvimwewo.
Nekudaro, mumakore achangopfuura, yakatarisana nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwehupfumi, izvo zvakakanganisa hupfumi hwenyika pamwe nehuwandu hwayo.
California Economy in Present
California iri kutungamira US maererano nesoftware, mota, tekinoroji yedhijitari, kufamba kwemazuva ano, nharaunda, uye indasitiri yemuchadenga. Zvakare, iri pamhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweUS, inoonekwa semusuwo wepamberi pakati peUnited States, Pacific Rim, uye musika weAsia uri kubuda.
Nekudaro, mushure mekuuya kwedenda, hupfumi hweCalifornia hwakatanga kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi.
Ngationgororei zvikonzero uye ramifications zvakadzama.
Denda rinonzi coronavirus
California ndiyo yaive nyika yekutanga muUnited States kumisa kuvharika, ichitungamira kurwisa coronavirus. Asi hurongwa husina kunaka hwehurumende uye nzira yekubata nayo denda iri zvakanyanya kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu nehupfumi.
Kuve iyo nyika yakakura uye yakasiyana zvakanyanya muUS, huwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mamirioni makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nedenda.
Nyika yakashuma mazana matatu nemazana mapfumbamwe ezviuru muna 3.9, inova 2021% yezviitiko zvese munyika uye vangangoita gumi neshanu muzana vakafa (11.0 vakafa), sekureva kwe California Dhipatimendi reHurumende Hutano.
Zvakare, kuvharika kwakaiswa nevakuru veCalifornia kwakawedzera huwandu hwekushaya mabasa ne16%. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hupfumi hwenyika hwakarasikirwa nemabasa anopfuura mamirioni mazana maviri neshanu, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya indasitiri yekugadzira yeCalifornia.
Kushanya kweCalifornia, hotera, kusikwa kwenhau, uye maindasitiri emararamiro akatarisanawo nedambudziko rakakura nekuda kwekuvharika kwakakura.
Kunze kweizvozvo, sezvo California ichivimba zvakanyanya nevashandi vekurima kupfuura chero nyika ipi neipi, chikamu chekurima chakatarisana nekurasikirwa kukuru, kunyanya muindasitiri yemombe, mukaka nenyama. Mumakore akajairika, basa remapurazi rinokwira mumwedzi waChikumi muCalifornia, asi panguva yedenda muna 2020-21, huwandu hwakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwemirairo yehurumende yekugara-pamba.
Kubuda kwaMazhinji kweMakambani Makuru
Makambani makuru epamusoro-tech seHP, Oracle, Apple, Palantir, uye SpaceX vari kuvaka yavo megafactory muAustin, Texas. Makambani anopfuura 1800 akachinja mahofisi avo kubva kuCalifornia chete muna 2016. Mamwe makambani makuru-Toyota, Nestlé, Charles Schwab, uye Jamba juice vakatotamisa muzinda wavo kuTexas mu2018.
Ndechipi chikonzero chekubuda kwevanhu vakawanda kweaya epamusoro-mbiri MNCs kubva kuCalifornia?
Mitero, mutengo wedzimba, uye mutengo wekugara muCalifornia wakakwira 50 muzana kupfuura mune dzimwe meidan nyika. Nepo masevhisi eruzhinji, anosanganisira hutano uye zvikoro, haaenderane nedzimwe nyika.
Pakutanga, pakanga pasina imwe nzira yekuti makambani epamusoro-soro aende kune imwe nzvimbo. Asi ikozvino vanogona kuenda kuHouston neTexas, vachipa aya makambani mikana iri nani uye mutero wakaderera.
Zvakare, iwo makambani eHigh-tech akatarisana nemirairo yakasimba neVakuru veCalifornian panguva yedenda, kusanganisira kugara-pamba-mirairo yevashandi uye kuvharika kwekumanikidzwa, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari. Zvichakadaro, dzimwe nyika dzakabvumira vamwe vatezvara kuzorora kumaindasitiri aya.
Sezvo maDemocrat ane hukuru hwepamusoro mudzimba mbiri dzeCalifornia State, vanhu vakakamurwa pamusoro pemitemo yavo yebhizinesi, uko vashoma vanovadaidza kuti inofambira mberi uye vamwe vanopokana uye vanodaidza nyika kuti haina hushamwari kune bhizinesi. MaDemocrats akaomarara pakushandisa peturu, kuburitsa mota, uye zvivharo zvemvura uye anoisa mitemo yakasimba pamusoro pemaindasitiri anosvibisa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti California idhure kuita bhizinesi nayo.
Mitero: Maneuvering California's Industrial fabric
California inovimba zvakanyanya nekubhadharwa kwemitero nevanhu vakapfuma uye mitero inorema yemitero pamametric ese zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzemuUS. Semuyenzaniso, California ine mitero yakakwira bhizinesi uye yakaoma tepi yekuzorora maitiro pamusoro pemutero wemutero kiredhiti maitiro.
Nepo dzimwe nyika pfumbamwe dzeUS dzinobhadharisa mutero pamuhoro wemunhu, kusiyana neCalifornia.
Izvi zviri kuwedzera mutengo wekugara wevashandi zvakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandi vaviri kubva pavatatu mumaindasitiri ese muCalifornia vari kutsvaga kugara kunze kwenyika kana vakawana mikana yebasa-kubva-kumba.
Kuenda kweMakambani: Impact paCalifornia Economy
California inogamuchira mari yakanaka kubva kune vanotambira zvakanyanya uye inotsamira zvakanyanya pamitero iyi. Sekureva kweCalifornia's Franchise Tax Board, vepamusoro 0.5 muzana yevanowana mari yakawanda, vazhinji vavo vari muchikamu chetekinoroji, vanobhadhara. 40% yemutero wehurumende.
Nekudaro, maitiro achangobva kubuda emakambani makuru ari kuzokanganisa hupfumi hwenyika yeCalifornia.
Kungofanana nekufananidza, New Jersey State yaifanira kugadzirisa bhajeti rayo nekuti mumwe bhirionaire akasara. Fungidzira kukanganisa kwehupfumi hweCalifornia apo mabhirioni akaita saElon Musk anochinja makambani avo kuenda kuTexas.
Naizvozvo, kana California ikasagadzirisa mitemo yekuzorora mutero yemakambani epamusoro-tekinoroji aya, mabasa, mamiriro ekugara, uye mari yenyika zvinopera.
Pakapera kudzikira kwehupfumi muna 2008, zvakatora California makore mashanu kuti isvike padanho rekuderera rakapfuura. California yakagamuchira madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu emari yemutero yakaderera mumakore mashanu iwayo, uye hurumende yakamanikidzwa kubhadhara nekucheka California's $45 bhiriyoni muzvirongwa zvehutano hwemagariro.
Munoona, tiri kutaura nezve mabhiriyoni emadhora, ayo achaoma kubva muhomwe yeCalifornia nekubuda kukuru kwemakambani etekinoroji aya.
Kusanaya kweCalifornia kuri Kuwedzera Hupfumi hwayo.
Hupfumi hweCalifornia hwemadhora mabhiriyoni 3.4 hwakatanga kunzwa kupisa kwekusanaya kwemvura uye Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze mumakore achangopfuura.
Hurumende yanga iine kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya mumakore mashoma apfuura, uye yakaramba ichienderera mberi kwemakore. Hapana mvura yakakwana yevaridzi vedzimba, indasitiri yekugadzira, varidzi vedzimba, indasitiri yehove, uye kurima.
Sezvo nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzichitsamira zvakanyanya pamvura yepasi pekurima, kudzikira kwemvura kunozonyanya mumakore anotevera.
Saizvozvo, kuSouthern California, iyo inotsamira zvakanyanya paRwizi rweColorado pazvinodiwa zvemvura, mwero wemvura wanga uchidonha kwenguva yakati rebei. Vaitorambidza kudiridza lawn kanopfuura kamwe chete pasvondo.
Iyo Public Policy Institute yeCalifornia yakashuma kuti California yakasangana ne3.5 degrees Fahrenheit tembiricha inodziya zvichienzaniswa nezana ramakore rechi20. Izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwe8% mukudyara kwemvura yechirimwa muna 2021.
Zvakare, kushomeka kwemvura yakawedzera kuwanda kwekupisa masango mumakore mashoma apfuura, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwepfuma nezviwanikwa zvakawanda kuhupfumi.
Real-Estate Dambudziko muCalifornia
California, nefungidziro dzese, ipfupi ne3-4 miriyoni dzimba. Kudzvanya munyu pachironda, kukwira kwemitengo yekugara kwakawedzera kuipa kwevashandi vemakambani makuru ehunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Zvakaipa kune vese sezvo mabhizinesi akazvimirira ari kutsvaga purofiti, uye kana makambani akapinza vanhu basa muhurumende, anozofanira kubhadhara mihoro yakakwira, nekudaro vachidzikisa purofiti yavo.
Kana tichienzanisa, dzimwe nyika mhiri kweUS dzakachipa zvakanyanya pekugara uye pekugara zvichienzaniswa neCalifornia.
Kuti tinzwisise kuti dambudziko reCalifornia Real-Estate rinouraya sei, ngatitarisei data kubva kuWhite House, iyo inoti California inotora hafu (47%) yehuwandu hweUS vasina kuchengetedzwa. Varombo muCalifornia, vasingakwanisi kuwana pekugara, vanomanikidzwa kugara mumigwagwa nemavan. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vanobva kumapoka epakati neakaderera-mari vanotsvagawo imwe nzira yekuCalifornia.
Hupfumi hweCalifornia Huri Kuenda Kunodzika here?
Kwekanguva kakati wandei, maRepublican akasimbirira kuti hupfumi hwavo hwaenda kumawere. Iyo GDP yeCalifornia yakaita kondirakiti yakananga kwekupedzisira kwezvikamu zviviri muzvina zvegore 2022, maererano nedata rehupfumi rakaburitswa ne Federal hurumende yeCalifornia muna August.
Mabasa: Huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa muCalifornia hwaive 4.2%, pamusoro peavhareji yenyika ye3.6%, uye ndiyo yechigumi yepamusoro muUnited States.
Maitiro evatengi: Sezvo njodzi yekuderera kwehupfumi huchiwedzera, Vatengi vanowanzorega kutenga zvinhu uye vanotanga kuzvigadzirira nekuwedzera mari yavo.
Chirevo chakabudiswa neNew York-based Conference Board ongororo muna Nyamavhuvhu inoratidza kuti kuvimba kwevatengi kwave kuderera kwemwedzi mitatu yapfuura, izvo zvingave nemhedzisiro yekufamba kwenguva.
Inflation uye mubereko: Mitengo yevatengi yakaonekwa iri pa9.1 percent mugore rino rezvemari. Kusvetuka kwepagore uku ndiko kukuru kubva muna 1981. Mukati memamiriro ezvinhu aya, mutengi anorega kubhadhara mitengo yakakwira nemhindu, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvadzora kukura kwehupfumi.
Kuronga Kwenguva Yakareba: IUS ine chikwereti chepamusoro kuGross Domestic Product ratio. Zvinoita sezviri kuwedzera zvakanyanya mumwedzi mishoma iri kuuya, zvichigadzira dhefisiti yakakura yemubatanidzwa uye zvichitungamira kune yakakura chikwereti sevhisi reshiyo zvakare.
Naizvozvo kubva muongororo iri pamusoro, zviri pachena kuti hupfumi hweCalifornia, kana husiri kugara mukuderera, hausi kuita zvakanaka uye unogona kutambura kwenguva refu.
Ko Economy yeCalifornia irikuita sei izvozvi?
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, takasangana nemafungu ekoronavirus, uye kusagadzikana kwehupfumi kwakatungamira vanhu vazhinji kutsvaga dzimwe nzvimbo dziri nani dzekutama. Saka California iri kuita sei izvozvi, uye zvichaenderera mberi?
Yezve Economic Overview yePresent California's Economy:
Indasitiri yehotera
California yakasangana nekudonha muindasitiri yayo yemahotera kubva pakatanga riini Coronavirus denda. Nekudaro, yakatanga kupupurira vashanyi munaKurume 2022, apo kushanya kwayo kwakakwira. Kusvika kwevashanyi kunoda kuenderera mberi mune ramangwana kana pasina imwezve wave yekoronavirus uye kubviswa kwechiitiko kuchiitika, zvinogona kunge zviri nhau dzakanaka kuindasitiri yekushanya yeCalifornia.
Indasitiri yekunze neyekutandara
California, inozivikanwa nemahombekombe ayo uye inodziya mamiriro ekunze, yakanakira zviitiko zvekunze. Iyo data yakaburitswa ne Gravy Analytics inoratidza indasitiri yekunze yeCalifornia yekutandara isiri kuita sezvainofanirwa kunge iri nekuda kwemirau yakasimba yakatemerwa nenyika nekuda kwedenda.
Varaidzo yeVhiza
California inokwezva vashanyi pasi rese kuburikidza neGolden Gate Bridge, Disneyland, uye Hollywood. Indasitiri yayo yeVaraidzo yaita avhareji kubvira yakavhura nzvimbo yayo kune vekunze. Zvinogona kutarisirwa kukwira mune ramangwana, uye California inogona kuwana mari yakawanda kubva kuVaraidzo yekushanya.
Indasitiri yekudyira neChikafu
Hurumende yakamisa kuvharika panguva yeCovid-19 denda, ichikurudzira vatengi kuti vasadye zvakanyanya kumba uye nzendo dzekutenga girosari mumunhu. Kubva ipapo, California yakaona kuvandudzwa muresitorendi yayo uye indasitiri yechikafu sezvo vashanyi vazhinji vava kutanga kudzikira kuzororo nekutandara.
mhedziso
California inofanirwa kubvumira nharaunda yebhizinesi-inoshamwaridzika kumakambani ayo. Iyo yepamusoro 1 muzana yevakanyanya-vanowana vanobhadhara 46 muzana yemari yayo yese yebhajeti. Ndosaka zvakakosha kuchengetedza mabhizinesi achienda muCalifornia.
Kushanya, cheni dzeresitorendi, indasitiri yevaraidzo, nezvimwe, zvatanga kusimuka, uye inhau dzakanaka kuhupfumi hweCalifornia.
Zvakadaro, zvakaoma kutaura chero chinhu munzvimbo ino yemamiriro ehupfumi asina chokwadi pasi rose apo US, pamwe nenyika zhinji, dziri pamusuwo wekuderera.
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