Denda rekoronavirus rabata Sri Lanka kwete maererano nehupenyu hwevanhu uye mamiriro ebasa asi sekudonha kukuru kwemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika.
Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzeSri Lanka dzakadzika kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu kubva muna Mbudzi 1.6, izvo zvakavhundutsa nyika yese.
Nekukurumidza mari dzekunze dziri kupera uye kubira kupinda muchikwereti, nyika yakatarisana nedambudziko rayo rakaipisisa.
Sri Lanka yave kuda kubhuroka, paine vagari vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni vari kunyura muurombo kubvira 2020.
Chinyorwa chedu chichabata zvese nezvedambudziko reSri Lankan, kwayakabva, uye kwairi kuenda.
Dambudziko reSri Lankan: Sumo pfupi
Sri Lanka yakaona kuwedzera kwezvikwereti nguva refu isati yatanga denda re coronavirus kubvira 2014.
Nekudaro, chikwereti chakasvika 43% yeGDP yenyika muna 2019 uye chakawedzera kubva ipapo. Pakazosvika 2021, chikwereti chavo chekunze chakawedzera kusvika pa101% yeGDP yenyika, zvichikonzera kuparara kwakanyanya kwehupfumi.
Nyika ine mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemazana mashanu emadhora muzvikwereti kubva kuChina chete uye inopfuura mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemaviri emadhora kuUS. Nyika iri kutsvagawo mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora kubva kuIndia yekubhadhara kutenga mafuta asina kuchena mukati medambudziko.
Inflation yeSri Lanka yakasvika 11.1%, rekodhi yakakwira muna Mbudzi, uye yakawedzera mitengo yezvinhu kusvika padanho risati ramboonekwa.
Izvi zvakonzera kuti vazhinji vekuSri Lankan vatambure kudyisa mhuri dzavo kunyangwe nezvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinodiwa.
Mutungamiri wenyika, VaGotabaya Rajapaksa, vazivisa dambudziko rehupfumi, uye mauto akapihwa basa rekuchengetedza zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semupunga neshuga, izvo zviri kutengeswa nemitengo yehurumende.
Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kubatsira vanhu zvakanyanya.
Iko kusaenzana kukanganisa kwedenda re coronavirus
Denda iri harina kurova zvikamu zvese zvehupfumi zveSri Lankan zvakaenzana. Maindasitiri akanyanya kukanganiswa kana achienzaniswa nekurima nemabasa. Sezvo pakanga paine kudiwa kwakaderera kusingaperi, ma subsectors akatarisana nekunze akakanganiswa.
Kuvaka, kugadzira machira, uye zvikamu zvakafanana izvo zvinonyanya kutarisisa kudiwa zvinokatyamadza zvakatambura zvakanyanya.
Moody's, Fitch, uye S&P vadzikisira zviyero zvavo zveSri Lankan nekuda kwekukanganisa kwechikwereti munyika.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvitatu zvakakonzera kudonha kwechiyero chakawedzera kusasimba kwekunze, kusasimba kwemari, uye sarudzo shoma dzemari.
Sezvo vanhu vanogara pasi pehurombo vawedzerawo zvakanyanya, zvave kukanganisa vanhu vanoshanda mumadhorobha sematunhu ekuMadokero nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemaindasitiri.
Mapurovhinzi eNothern, Uva, Eastern, neSabaragamuwa akakanganiswawo zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwevanhu vatove varombo munzvimbo iyi, maererano nekuvandudzwa kweWorld Bank.
Dambudziko rehupfumi rarova zvakadii vagari vemuSri Lanka?
“Iko zvino tatenga magiramu zana ebhinzi apo taitenga kg yesvondo rose,” akadaro mumwe wekuSri Lanka achiburitsa pachena kuti zvitoro zvatanga sei kuvhura mapaketi ehupfu hwemukaka vachipatsanura kuita mapaketi e100 gramu rimwe nerimwe nekuti hapana munhu kukwanisa kutenga packet yose.
Nzvimbo huru yekuwana mari munyika ndeyekushanya, iyo yadzikira zvakanyanya mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura.
Vanhu vanodarika mazana maviri ezviuru vakarasikirwa nemabasa mubazi rezvekushanya nekushanya, uye zvinhu zviri kuramba zvichitowedzera.
Vazhinji vechidiki uye vakadzidza munyika vave kuita mutsetse muhofisi yemapasipoti kuti vabude munyika nechimbichimbi vonotanga hupenyu hutsva kune dzimwe nzvimbo sezvo vave kutya kubatwa nedambudziko iri votadza kurarama.
Chirongwa chekubhadhara chikwereti cheSri Lanka
Nyika inosungirwa kubhadhara chikwereti chemadhora mabhiriyoni manomwe nemazana matatu emadhora ekukweretesa kunze kwenyika pamwe nekunze, iyo mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora iri yekunze. changamire chisungo mubhadharo unofanirwa kupera kwaNdira.
Nyika yave kusvika pakubhadhara zvikwereti zvayakamboita mafuta kuIran nekuvabhadhara netii, nekuvatumira tea inokosha mamiriyoni mashanu emadhora mwedzi wega wega.
Zvisinei, izvi zvinoita sezviri nyore kutaura pane kuzviita. Mumiriri weVanopikisa VaHarsha de Silva vanoti chikwereti chekunze chekushanda kunze kwenyika chinotarisirwa kuita mabhiriyoni mana nemazana masere emadhora panosvika gore ra4.8, zvichisiya nyika iri mubishi rekushaya.
Kushomeka kwechikafu muSri Lanka
Sarudzo yakangoerekana yaitwa nemutungamiri wenyika yekurambidza fetereza yese nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mumwedzi iri kuuya kuitira kuti vamanikidze varimi kuti vatange kurima pasina yambiro yadonhawo muindasitiri yezvekurima.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti indasitiri iyi yaishandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira zvirimwa nekushandisa fetereza nemishonga yezvipembenene kurwisa sora netumbuyu, uye varimi vazhinji vave kutya kurasikirwa kukuru uye kutsiva kubva pakurima chero zvirimwa zvachose.
Izvi zvakonzera kushomeka kwechikafu kwakanyanya munyika, izvo zvakonzera kushomeka kwechikafu uye kudiwa kwakawanda zvichikonzera kukwira kwemitengo.
Nekudaro, danho rekurambidza kupinzwa kwefetereza rakabviswa muna Gumiguru 2021 kuti vatangezve basa rekurima.
Zvakadaro, kubviswa kwezvirango izvi hakuna mutsauko wakanyanya sezvo hurumende yange isisakwanise kubatsira fetereza iyi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari.
Varimi vari kutatarika kuti vakwanise kubhadhara mari yefetereza yavanenge vatenga kubva kunze kwenyika, ndoda kuitenga nemutengo usinga batsiri. Uyezve, vanozeza kuisa mari mukurima zvirimwa nekuti havana chokwadi chekuti vachatoita purofiti nazvo.
Matanho ekuyamura kwenguva pfupi semitsara yechikwereti kupinza mishonga, mafuta edzimotokari, uye chikafu kubva kuvavakidzani vakaita seIndia ari kutorwa.
Kuchinja kwemari kuri kuitikawo neIndia, Bangladesh, neChina, paine zvikwereti zvekutenga peturu kubva kuOman zviri kuitika.
Matanho ese aya anongoitwa kuti ape zororo renguva pfupi mudambudziko iri uye achafanirwa kubhadharwa nekukurumidza. Kana ikasabhadharwa nenguva, zvinongoguma nedambudziko rakakosha rekuwira mumusungo wechikwereti uye kunyura pakupedzisira.
Vanhu vanga vakamira mumutsetse kwemaawa kuti vangotenga 1/4th yezvinhu zvakakosha nekuti hapana anokwanisa kutenga zvavaimbotenga kare.
Mupunga, mhunga, michero, hove, miriwo, chingwa, uye zvimwe zvese zvaona kukwira kukuru kwemitengo, uye mhuri zhinji dzine mari shoma dzine vashandi vanotambira zuva nezuva havakwanise kuwana kana chikafu chenguva imwe chete. Kunyangwe chikamu chakapfuma kwazvo chenyika chiri kuyedza kugovera chikafu chavo chezuva nezuva.
Kugadzirwa kwetii kunotarisirwa kudonha ne50%, zvichiwedzera dambudziko rekudya.
Chii chakakonzera dambudziko rehupfumi hweSri Lankan?
Kunyange denda rakaita basa rakakura mukukwidziridza dambudziko rehupfumi reSri Lanka nekuda kwekuvharika uye kucheka kwekufamba uye kushanya, kune zvakawanda zvakanyanya mukudonha kwehupfumi hweSri Lanka.
- Kushandiswa kwemari kwakanyanya nehurumende inotonga
- Kuderedzwa kwemitero kunokanganisa mihoro yenyika
- Mari yekunze iri kudonha
- Zvikwereti zvakakura kubva kuChina mumakore mashoma apfuura
- Iyo Sri Lankan rupee yanga ichidonha mumusika we forex.
Mhinduro yehurumende
Mhinduro kubva kuhurumende yave nemukana. Vamwe vakuru muhurumende vanotenda kuti nyika ichakwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo zvizhinji, asi vamwe vachifunga kuti nyika ichaenda kumawere panopera gore ra2022.
MP de Silva vakati nzira chete yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuInternational Monetary Fund.
Mhinduro dzemumba dzinongove dzenguva pfupi, uye kuti uwane mhinduro yekusingaperi, IMF ndiro chete sangano rinogona kubatsira nyika kubuda muchikwereti chayo.
Vakuru vehurumende vari kutaurawo maonero avanofunga kuti nyika yave kuda kukwereta mari sechibage kubva kunyika dziri kuSri Lanka kuti dzipe vagari vayo chikafu.
Bhanga repakati rave richikumbira vagari vemo kuti vashandure yakasununguka uye mari yekunze kuti vasimbise Sri Lankan rupee zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Dzimwe nzira dzokuyamura kwenguva pfupi dziri kuitwa, sezvambotaurwa.
Rubatsiro rwemari inosvika bhiriyoni imwe nemazana mapfumbamwe emadhora rwuri kukurukurwa neIndia, pamwe nekuchinjana kwemazana mana emamiriyoni emadhora uye kiredhiti yemafuta emadhora mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora.
Rubatsiro rwakafanana rwakakurukurwa neBangladesh neChina zvakare. International Sovereign Bondholders vari kudaidzwa kuti vataurirane zvakare.
Nyika inofanirwa kubhadhara mari inosvika miriyoni imwe chete yemadhora muna Chikunguru, uye vemabhizimisi vari kubvunzwa kuti vangada here kudzosera mari iyi kuitira kuti nyika ikwanise kupedza dambudziko iri.
Mutungamiriri wenyika akavimbisa kuti mapakeji ekuyamura haasi kuzowedzera inflation, uye hakuzove nekutamiswa kwemutero kutsva kuona kuti vanhu havaiswe mutoro wemari.
Hapana sarudzo pasuru yekubhadhara mari kubva kuIMF yakatorwa pari zvino.
Chii chingaitwa neSri Lanka kukunda dambudziko iri?
- Kukura kwemari yevashandi kunofanirwa kutariswa, kunyangwe kune asiri mapurazi kuona kuti vanhu vanogara kumucheto vasimudzirwa kutanga.
- Shandira mukuwedzera goho rekurima munyika uye mihoro yaro kuburikidza neshanduko yezvimiro
- Varimi vanofanira kutsigirwa kuti vashande nezvirimwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye zvine ukoshi hwepamusoro.
- Climate-smart tekinoroji, kukosha-chain kuwana uye agro-logistics inofanira kuvandudzwa.
- Strategic investimendi mukufamba uye kushanya kunogona kubatsira kutsigira vanhu vari kumaruwa.
- Mabasa asiri epapurazi anobhadhara anofanirawo kujekeswa kuitira kubatsira vanhu kusarudza nzvimbo dzine pundutso dzekurarama nadzo.
- Mabhindauko akakura anofanirwa kutsigirwa kuti pave nemabasa akawanda uye kuwedzera budiriro yevashandi.
- Zvikonzero uye zvikonzero zvekusarongeka zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa.
- Shanduko yenzvimbo inofanirwa kusimudzirwa nekubatanidzwa kwakasimba munyika yose.
- Kudyara kukuru kunofanirwa kuitwa mudzidzo, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye hutano.
- Mativi akanyanya kutambudzika munyika anofanirwa kupihwa rubatsiro rwekutanga sezvo ari iwo akanyanya kurohwa nedambudziko, mune zvemagariro uye mune zvemari.
- Kukanganisa kwedambudziko pamusika wevashandi nemafemu kunofanirwa kugara ichitariswa.
- Sri Lanka inofanirwa kusiyanisa kune zvirimwa zvine pundutso uye kuisa mari yakawanda mukuchengetedza chikafu.
- Masangano ehurumende anofanirwa kuziva kuti ibasa rawo kugadzira hwaro hwekuti masangano akazvimirira asimudzire mashandisirwo emari munyika pari zvino.
- Mitero yeSri Lanka uye mitemo yemitemo inoda kusimbaradza uye kuve inoshamwaridzana nebhizinesi.
- Red tepi inobata mabhizinesi inofanirwa kudzikiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
- Supply chain dynamics inoda kuvandudzwa nerubatsiro rweUS neChina.
- Mhando dzose shanu dzemari, vanhu, muviri, mari, hupfumi hwevanhu uye hwepanyama vanoda rubatsiro rwakaenzana panguva ino kubva kuvakuru veSri Lankan.
- Kufambiswa kwebasa munzvimbo dzekumaruwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa kutsigira kubatanidzwa kwemari kwese kwese.
- Kana mamiriro ezvinhu aita nani, kutarisisa kwakawanda kunofanirwa kuiswa pahunyanzvi hwedhijitari uye masevhisi ese ehurumende anofanirawo kudhijitariswa.
- .An export-oriented growth model together with private investment-led growth inofanira kuchinjwa.
- IMF inofanirwa kusvikirwa kuti iwane rubatsiro rwakakura sezvinobvira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
- Sri Lanka inofanirwawo kudyidzana nenyanzvi munyaya dzezvehupfumi kuti vagadzire gwara rehupfumi hwenyika kuitira kurwisa dambudziko iri.
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa muhupfumi hweSri Lankan?
Kana ikasatariswa nekukasira, hupfumi hweSri Lankan hunogona kubatwa mumamiriro ezvinhu e hyperinflation, senge yeVenezuela.
Mushure meizvozvo, hapasisina mukana wekuti idzokere kumamiriro ayo ekutanga, sezvakapupurirawo nyika yeSouth-America mumakore mashoma apfuura.
Kune zvakare kutya kweiyo dzidzo system uye ramangwana rekushanda kwevadzidzi veSri Lankan kunokanganiswa nekuda kwekusakwanisa kutenga kweinternet masevhisi munyika.
Kana zvikasagadziriswa nenguva, pane mukana wekuti ramangwana reSri Lankans rinosanganisira kusawirirana kwehunyanzvi uko vadzidzi vasingachakodzeri mabasa.
Izvi zvaizokonzera dambudziko rehuwandu hwevanhu sezvo vanhu vanoshanda munyika vaizowana zvakaoma kuti vabhadharwe zvichikonzera dambudziko remari gare gare.
Sezvo mari yeSri Lankan yakatodzikira kupfuura 20% pamadhora ekuAmerica, kusatora matanho ekukurumidza kunogona kuita kuti mari yeSri Lankan iparare zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune yakatonyanya kuomarara forex dambudziko ringave risingarapike.
Chekupedzisira, kana EU ikafunga kudzima kutengeserana kwakasarudzika kweSri Lanka kwakakosha madhora mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu emamiriyoni gore rega rega, zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwehupfumi zvachose.
mhedziso
Nyika iri mune imwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzakaipisisa, nehurumende isingakwanise kubhadhara kunyangwe masevhisi eIT ekutanga seGoogle Mepu.
Hurumende iri kuona vagari vemunyika kuti vari mushishi kuumba hurongwa hunobatsira nyika kuti ibude mudambudziko rezvikwereti, asi hapana chiri kujeka kusvika pari zvino.
Kune akati wandei misika uye zvikamu izvo Sri Lanka inokwereta mari, uye nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo mupfungwa, uko inflation iri kukwira uye hupfumi hwese huri kudonha, zvakaoma kutenda chero divi renyaya.
Kune imwe itsva $ 1.2 bhiriyoni yekuyamura hupfumi iyo inosanganisirawo mvumo yepamwedzi yeRs. 5000 kusvika 1.5 miriyoni vasungwa, vashandi vehurumende, uye masoja akaremara zvakasiyana - asi kubatsira kwazvinoita kudzosera hupfumi patsoka dzayo zvinogoneka chete kana mhedzisiro inoonekwa zvechokwadi.
Leave a Reply