chitsamba -Adani Boka rave nekare rine mumvuri. Izvi zvakafumurwa nguva pfupi yadarika mukuferefeta kwakaitwa neHindenburg Research - femu inotarisana nekutengesa kupfupi. Unogona verenga rondedzero yakazara yekuongorora pano, uye ndinokurudzira kuti uite saizvozvo kana wakaisa mari mune chero yeAdani Group makambani.
Izvi zvakawedzera, verenga itsva kuferefetwa neFT pano.
Gautam Adani akatanga rwendo rwake mumhuri diki yeJain muAhmedabad. Mumakore ake ekutanga 20s, Gautam Adani akaita dhigirii reBachelor in commerce kubva kuGujarat University.
Nekudaro, akasiya dzidzo yake yekukoreji mugore rake rechipiri uye akasarudza kuisa pfungwa pabhizinesi remukoma wake.
MaTatas naBirlas vakaumba nyaya yekukura kweIndia mushure meRusununguko, asi boka reAdani rave chirevo chekugadzira hupfumi muzana ramakore rechi21.
Gautam Adani's mambure anotarisirwa kuita $114 bhiriyoni, uye iye zvino ndiye munhu wechina-akapfuma munyika. Makambani ake manomwe akanyoreswa ane mari yemusika inosvika madhora 197.49 bhiriyoni (Chikunguru 19, 2022).
Kuwedzera kweboka reAdani
Kusimuka kweAdani Group haisi chiitiko chezuva rimwe chete. Ngationei kusimuka kweAdani Group nhanho-nhanho, kubva pakutanga kusvika zvino, uye ndezvipi zvirongwa zvavo zvekuwedzera mune ramangwana:
Rwendo rwaGautam Adani rwakatanga apo mukoma wake Mansukhbhai Adani akamudaidza kubva kuMumbai muna 1981.
Gautam Adani, panguva iyoyo, akashandira hama dzeMahindra somugadziri wedhaimani kubvira muna 1978. Mansukhbhai Adani akamugadza kufekitari yake yepurasitiki kuti atarisire basa racho. Nokudaro, basa repurasitiki rakava suwo reumambo hwemangwana reAdani boka.
Pakutanga, bhizinesi rake rakatarisana nematambudziko akawanda, kunyanya kushayikwa kwepurasitiki granules. Mukukurira uku kuperevedza, aida matani 20 ePVC mwedzi mumwe nomumwe kudzivirira musoro wekambani yake kunze kwemvura.
Nekudaro, chibvumirano chakauya kubva kuIndia ega mugadziri IPCL, anga asiri kunyatso govera purasitiki panguva.
Gautam Adani akakunda dambudziko iri nemagranules epurasitiki nekuunza mapurasitiki epurasitiki kuburikidza nechiteshi cheKandla muna 1988.
Sekureva kwemumwe wevakuru vetsika yaAdani,
"Munguva yekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yemusika weplastic granules, apo mamwe mabhizinesi akatadza kuzadzisa chibvumirano chavo, Gautam Adani ndiye ega munhu akazadzisa vimbiso yake.. "
Adani Group muLate 80s & Early 90s.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzirisa kushayikwa kwepurasitiki, Adani akaunganidza Tsamba yeMvumo kubva kumugadziri muduku wepurasitiki ndokutanga kuisa mirairo yePVC yakawanda; uye mushure menguva yakati, Adani Group yakabatana neGujarat State Export Corporation kuwedzera bhizinesi reboka.
Sezvo yaive ichipa iyo yekupinza kumabhizinesi madiki uye nekubatanidza zvese zvikumbiro pasi peGSEC, Gautam Adani akange abvisa zvinodiwa zve Tsamba yeMvumo.
Nekuunza kunze kwenyika, Adani aimbopfuura GSEC zvigadzirwa zvavaida, uye aitengesa zvigadzirwa zvakasara nepurofiti yakanaka kune vamwe vatengi.
Nenguva isipi, akapihwa rezenisi rekunze nehurumende yeGujarat ine sirin'i ye12 crores Letter of Authorisation.
Munguva iyi, bhizinesi reboka reAdani rakakura nekukurumidza. Pakati pa1988 na1992, huwandu hwekuunza kunze kwekambani yeAdani hwakawedzera kubva pazana metric tonnes kusvika ku100 metric tonnes.
Uyezve, Adani akatanga kuunza zvinhu zvepetroleum nemakemikari pamwe chete nePVC granules. Adani boka, pamwe nenguva, rakawedzera pacharo mukutengesa kunze kwezvigadzirwa, uye nokukurumidza boka reAdani rakabuda seimba yekutengesa nyeredzi, iyo yakaderedza kudiwa kwezvivimbiso zvebhangi.
Adani Group in Late 90s
Adani Group, padivi peEXIM Bhizinesi, yakawedzera kuita bhizinesi rezvivakwa mukupera kwe90s. Akafunga kupinda muzviteshi zvezvikepe nezvirimwa zvakare. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiteshi cheMundra chakave chirongwa chake chekutanga chemari.
Asi boka reAdani rakatanga kutsoropodzwa nezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pechirongwa chake chechiteshi kubva kune vezvematongerwo enyika vane simba vakaita saGeorge Fernandes. Gare gare vakatanga kutarisana nekurasikirwa kukuru nekuda kwekunonoka kwavo zvirongwa muKandla neMumbai Port.
Adani akafunga kushandura Mundra kuita yakavanzika chiteshi chengarava kugadzirisa dambudziko rekunonoka.
Adani Group uye Mundra Port
Kuvandudzwa kweLPG kwakaitika muIndia muna 1991. Hurumende yeGujarat muna 1994 yakasarudza kutonga zviteshi zvitsva semubatanidzwa wemakambani ehurumende neakazvimirira. Yakasarudza pane rondedzero yegumi zviteshi, kusanganisira zita reMundra port.
Nekuda kwekukosha kwehupfumi hwechiteshi cheMundra, Hurumende yeGujarat yakazivisa kuburitswa kwemaneja kwechiteshi cheMundra, uye muna 1995, kondirakiti yakapihwa kuboka reAdani. Ngarava yekutanga yaizivikanwa kuti yakamira pachiteshi cheMundra muna 1998.
Pakati pa1998 na2002, Adani akawedzera kuita marasha neThermal power plant Bhizinesi asi akanga asati awana zvakawanda. Kukura kwechiteshi chengarava cheMundra pakati pemakore mana aya kwakanga kusiri chinhu chinoshamisa, uye kunyange Gautam Adani akati danho rake rekutora chiteshi cheMundra rakanga radzokera kumashure.
The Rising Adani Group.
Nguva yekuchinja mafambiro yakauya kuAdani Group apo chiteshi chengarava cheKandla muna 2000 chakatora sarudzo yekuzvikunda nekuramba kupihwa kwemumwe wevashandi vechiteshi chikuru cheP&O Ports Australia.
Mushure mekudzoka uku, P&O Ports yakapa chibvumirano ichi kuAdani Group nekupinza chiyero muboka reAdani. Kukura kwechiteshi cheMundra kwakatanga kuona hurefu hutsva mushure meizvi upfumi. Mundra port yava imwe yemombe huru dzemari yeboka reAdani.
Adani ports uye Special Exclusive Zones vakawana muganho wekushanda we71% kweanopfuura makore gumi. Citibank yakasarudza boka reAdani rekugadzira chiteshi chisiri cheLNG pachiteshi cheHazira. Mushure mekutora mubairo wetenda muna 2009, kuvaka kwakatanga muna 2010. Chiteshi chengarava chakatanga kushanda muna 2012.
Gautam Adani akazoronga kumisa gwenya remagetsi paMundra rine simba rekugadzira magetsi re5,000 Megawatt. Nhasi mubatanidzwa wemagetsi ekugadzira masimba emagetsi ekupisa eboka reAdani i4640 Megawatt.
Kuchinja kwake kwakawedzera zvinokatyamadza kubva pa3300 crores muna 2000 kusvika 47,000 crores muna 2013.
Kuwedzera kweAdani Group muInternational Market.
Kuwedzera kweboka reAdani kwakatanga pakati pa2009 na2012, apo boka reAdani rakawanawo migodhi yemarasha yeAbbot point Portaur, Queensland, Australia.
Kuona chirongwa ichi cheAdani Group, Warburg yaisa mari inosvika miriyoni zana negumi mumateshi eAdani uye nenzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzehupfumi dzeAdani. Iyo French Total yakaisawo mari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu emadhora muAdani Greens.
Adani Group in Present
Chikwata cheAdani zvirokwazvo ndicho piyona wechikamu cheIndia uye chinobatanidzwa muzvikamu zvakawanda.
Adani Group, yanga ichiita bhizinesi rayo yakatenderedza marasha kweanenge makumi maviri emakore, yakatanga kuona ramangwana reAdani boka kunze kweFossil mafuta nekuita mari yakakura muchikamu chezvivakwa, migodhi, zviteshi, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, uye nhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzedata, uye kugadzirwa kwekudzivirira.
Nhasi, uku kudyara kwakakosha kweboka reAdani kunoita basa rakakosha muzvishuvo zveIndia zvenguva refu. Munguva yedenda, iwo matanhatu epakati akanyorwa zvikamu zveboka reAdani akawedzera mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe emadhora mukukosha kwawo.
Munguva ino, yakawedzera kusvika kwayo kune dzimwe nyika kusvika 2020. Adani Group yakaisawo mari muFrench mafuta hofori Total SE uye Warburg Pincus LLC. Ingori padyo neboka reTata uye Reliance maindasitiri maererano nekukosha.
Chii Chinotevera kuAdani Group?
Adani Group yakanangana nekuwedzera kuwedzera kwakapetwa kasere kumakambani ayo panosvika 2025. Nekuzviwedzera mune mamwe matunhu akakosha, Adani Group yakawanawo kufambiswa kwemhepo kwenhandare nomwe dzeNyika uye dzepasi rose muIndia, inova chikamu chimwe muzvina. yeIndia yekudzora traffic.
Zvakare, yafunga kukwidziridza huwandu hwayo kakapetwa kasere kugadzira Renewable simba remagetsi kuIndia. Inofambirana zvakanyanya nekuzvipira kweIndia kuve nyika isina kabhoni panosvika 2070.
Adani Group yakasaina chibvumirano neEdgeconnex yekugadzira nzvimbo dzedhata muIndia yese uye yakaronga kupinda mubazi rezvekudzivirira, sezvo Hurumende yeIndia yakarongawo kudzikisa kutengeswa kwezvombo kunze kwenyika. Tinogona kutaura kuti ramangwana reHurumende yeIndia neAdani Group rakanyatsoenderana.
Chikwereti chirikukwira cheAdani Group
Kuwedzera kunoshamisa kweboka reAdani mumakore mashanu apfuura kwakwidza mitengo yemasheya yeimwe neimwe yemakambani avo nemwero wakapenga. Kana iwe ukaona, mitengo yemasheya yeAdani Power yakakwira ne800 muzana, Adani Enterprise ne2400 muzana, uye Adani Greens ne5000 inokatyamadza pfungwa.
Asi vanhu vashoma kwazvo vanoziva kuti boka reAdani harina kugara pagomo repurofiti, asi gomo rechikwereti seAdani Group chikwereti chakakwira ne40% kusvika 2.21 Lakh crores muFY22 maererano. kudzora mari.
Boka reAdani rakaunganidza chikwereti chinokatyamadza che INR 2.2 trillion. Zvinoenderana neChikwereti Nyaya, pakati pe2006-07, mari yeboka reAdani yaive 16,953 crores pachikwereti che4,353 crores, asi muna 2012-13, mari yayo yaive 47,352 crores pachikwereti che81,122 crores.
Kunyange nanhasi, chikwereti chose cheboka reAdani chinofungidzirwa kusvika pamabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora. Panewo kubvumirana kuti kana tikaongorora mari yegore negore yeAdani Group nekusabvisa Adani Wilmer, inongova $ 20 bhiriyoni, uye iyo yakasanganiswa purofiti yemakambani eboka reAdani inongova $ 14.2 bhiriyoni.
The Oligarchy uye Politics
Sekureva kwaNilanjan Mukhopadhyay, akanyora Biography paNarendra Modi inonzi 'Narendra Modi- The man, The times.', Gautam Adani naNarendra Modi vaizivana kubvira 2003. Maererano nemishumo yakawanda, muna 2003, CII payakaramba kudyara mari. muGujarat mukupindura mhirizhonga, boka reGautam Adani rakadyara 1500 crores mumapurojekiti akasiyana muGujarat.
MuUS, iyo Wharton India yehupfumi foramu yakaramba kukokwa kuna Narendra Modi. VaAdani Group, avo vaive mutsigiri mukuru wechiitiko chikuru, vakabvisawo rutsigiro rwavo rwekutanga vasina kutaura. Iyo CAG yakaratidzira zviitiko zviviri apo hurumende yeGujarat yakapa mabhenefiti asina kufanira kuboka reAdani.
Pakutanga, pakati pe2006-09, Gujarat State petroleum yakatengesa gasi kuAdani Group nemitengo yakaderera. Neizvi, Adani Group yakawana purofiti ye70.5 crores. Muchiitiko chechipiri, Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam akadzora chete 79.8 crores chirango achipokana ne240 crores anofungidzirwa neCAG.
Adani Group yakaonawo kuramba kwepasi rose panguva ye'Stop Adani Movement' apo boka reAdani rakazvibata mumugodhi wemarasha weCarmichael, njanji, uye chiteshi chengarava chekuAustralia.
Kukwira kweChikwereti Kunokanganisa kuAdani Group?
Adani enterprise ndiyo yega kambani yakanyorwa mu pamusika wemari kutanga gore ra2008 risati rasvika. Kubva 2008 zvichienda mberi, boka reAdani rakatanga kunyora makambani aro, uye pari zvino pane makambani manomwe akanyorwa:
Adani Wilmar, Adani Enterprises, Adani Ports neSEZ, Adani transmission, Adani Green energy, uye Adani Gasi.
Sezvinodiwa nekambani, boka reAdani rakaronga maitiro akaomarara e cash flow. Muna 2015-16, Adani Properties inova chikamu cheAdani Enterprises, yakatenga zvikamu zve9.05 muzana mukutapurirana kweAdani sezvaungaziva kuti ese ari maviri mafemu ari mumabhizinesi akasiyana.
Muna 2017-18, Adani zvivakwa zvakabuda muAdani Transmission.
Sezvo paive nekusvetuka kukuru mukati unganidza mitengo yeAdani Transmission pakati pegore rekutenga uye gore rekubuda. Pakati penguva idzi, semunaChikumi 2015, mutengo wemasheya weboka reAdani waive 27.6 Rupee, uyo wakakwira kusvika 126 rupees muna 2017.
Dai boka reAdani rakaisa mari zana muna 2015, ingadai yakaita 400 crores muna 2017. Mari iyi inogara mukati mekambani kana ichidiwa neboka reAdani; vanogona kutengesa matanda ayo kuti iite basa rayo rokuvaka.
Kechipiri, pakati pe2013-18 Adani Power yakanetseka nekuyerera kwayo mari. Imhaka yekuti tichivaka purojekiti yemagetsi muMundra, yaitarisirwa kuwana marasha akachipa kubva kuIndonesia.
Indonesia payakakwidza mutengo wemarasha ayo aitengeswa kunze kwenyika, Adani Power Mundra akati mutengo wayo wemarasha wakakwira zvekuti hauchakwanisa kupa simba rakawedzerwa pamitengo chaiyo.
Saka panguva ino, mishumo yegore yekambani inoratidza akati wandei apo mabhizinesi eAdani akapa zvakananga zvikwereti kuAdani Power uye zvisina kunanga kuburikidza nemasangano akaita seInfra India kana Kutch Power chizvarwa.
Saka, uku kuoma kwese kwekubvumidza uye kusanganisa chiratidzo chenguva refu cheboka reAdani mumafambiro maviri chete. Kutenga kuenzana mukambani yeboka kuti iwane kubuda kwemari, uye mune ramangwana, kushandisa imwe yakagadzikana yeAdani boka rechikwereti kukodzera kwechikwereti kutungamira kubuda kwemari kukambani iri kunetseka pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.
Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kumakambani akasiyana eboka reAdani rinotora makambani manomwe akasiyana ane zviuru zvemadhora ekudyara.
Nekufamba uku, Adani Group inogona kukurumidza kuunza kukura mumasheya avo, uye kana nhau idzi dzasvika mudzimba dzenhau, vanozivisa nezvekukwira kwemutengo wemugove weAdani.
Inogona kuwana imwe mari kuburikidza nekudyara kwevanhu mumakambani eAdani Group.
mhedziso
Kusimuka kunokatyamadza kweAdani Boka mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura kwakasiya chirevo chakadzama pahupfumi hweIndia. Nhasi Adani Group inoraira chikamu chiri kukura chemusika weIndia unovandudzwa weSolar zvidyarwa, kufambisa kwemagetsi, uye musika wekugovera gasi wemadhorobha weIndia.
Gautam Adani, anozivikanwawo seModi's Rockefeller, sepasi pehurumende yeModi, kukosha kwake kwakawedzera ne230%. Sezvo hurumende yakatarisana zvakanyanya nekudzikisira mitemo yeHurumende PSU.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, akahwinawo mari inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu emadhora mumatenda ehurumende nemapurojekiti eInfrastructure munyika yose, maererano neFinancial Times.
Asi zvino zvichava zvinonakidza kuona kuti Adani Group, iyo ikozvino yakagara pagomo rechikwereti, ichafamba sei pamutsara wakaonda kwazvo wekukwira kwechikwereti uye kuchengetedza kambani mukukura kwakagadzikana.
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