Kwekutanga kwakatangwa muna 1900 muUS, nhasi makadhi echikwereti ave imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira dzekubhadhara kune ruzhinji.
Nekuwedzera kweboka remari yepakati, makadhi echikwereti mumakore apfuura akakurudzira vanhu kushandisa mari, dzimwe nguva pasina kufunga nezvemigumisiro yayo.
Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika munyika dzichiri kusimukira umo makadhi echikwereti ari kunyanya kufarirwa sezvo vepakati vari kubuda vaine mari yakawanda.
Somuenzaniso, muIndia, maingova nemamiriyoni 20 chete vanoshandisa kadhi rechikwereti muna 2010, iyo yakakurumidza kuwedzera kusvika kumamiriyoni 78 muna 2022. Zvisinei, izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kunotyisa muchikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti. Muna 2022, chikwereti chakazara muIndia chaive mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri emadhora.
Gwaro iri rinozoongorora zvikonzero zvekuwedzera kwechikwereti uye kutsvaga mhinduro dzekugadzirisa dambudziko.
Nei Huchireva?
Kukwira kwekushandisa kadhi rechikwereti hakusi kuenderana nekukwira kwechikwereti cheindasitiri. Asi kukwereta kwebhizinesi hakusi kufambirana nechikwereti chako kukura, iyo inopesana neinowanzoitika muhupfumi huri kukura.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, kushandiswa kwekadhi rechikwereti, uko kunoratidza kukura kwemaitiro ekushandisa kwevatengi, kuri kudererawo.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mhuri dzemuIndia dziri kutamira kune zvikwereti zvakanyanya, zvichimutsa kusava nechokwadi nezvekuita kwekushandisa kwekadhi rechikwereti munyika.
Asi nei chikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti chichinzi chakaipa?
Makadhi echikwereti anoonekwa sechikwereti chakashata nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira, uye mari yacho inonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa, kwete kudyara, zvichireva kuti haigadziri chero midziyo mitsva iyo mari inogadzirwa.
Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Kukwira Muchikwereti Kadhi Kadhi
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakonzera kukwira kwechikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti muIndia. Ngatitarisei imwe neimwe:
Kukura Kweupfumi uye Kukwira Kwemari Yemihoro
India yakaona kukura kwakanyanya kwehupfumi mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwemari inoraswa uye kushandiswa kwevatengi.
Sezvo hupfumi huri kukura, vanhu vane simba rekutenga rakawanda uye kugona kukwereta.
Uku kukura kwakakonzera kuwedzera kweboka repakati uye kwakawedzera kuwanikwa kwemakadhi echikwereti, zvichiita kuti pave nekushandiswa kwepamusoro kwekadhi rechikwereti.
Kushaya ruzivo rwezvemari:
Vatengi vazhinji vekuIndia havanzwisise njodzi uye vanogona kusanzwisisa zvizere zvirevo nemamiriro, mibairo, kana zvisungo zvekubhadhara zvine chekuita nemakadhi echikwereti.
Vanogonawo kunge vasingazive zvirango zvinobhadhariswa kana ukanonoka kubhadhara. Izvi zvinoita kuti vapedzisire vashandisa mari yakawandisa vounganidza chikwereti chine mubereko mukuru.
Kuwedzera Consumerism uye Impulsive Spending:
Tsika yevatengi yeIndia yaona shanduko yekuwedzera mari pazvigadzirwa zvemararamiro, zvemagetsi, kufamba, uye kudya kunze.
Pamwe chete naikoko, ziviso, dzvinyiriro yenzanga, uye chishuvo chokufambirana nezvinoitika zvakawedzera kusunda muitiro wokuchimbidzika wokutenga.
Maitiro aya anogona kutungamirira kukushandisa zvakanyanya uye kuvimba nemakadhi echikwereti kuti uwane mari yekutenga, zvichikonzera chikwereti chepamusoro chekadhi rechikwereti.
Kuwanikwa kuri nyore kuchikwereti:
Masangano ezvemari nemakambani emakadhi echikwereti akaita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vawane makadhi echikwereti. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, havatombodi cheki chechikwereti.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vatengi vapinde muchikwereti, kunyangwe vasingakwanisi kuchibhadhara.
Zvakare, nzira dzehukasha dzekushambadzira, zvirongwa zvinokwezva mibairo, uye zvakafanotenderwa zvinopihwa zvakakurudzira vanhu kunyorera makadhi echikwereti vasinganzwisise zvizere mabasa ane chekuita uye mitoro yezvikwereti.
Mbereko Yakakwirira uye Muripo:
Kadhi rechikwereti kazhinji rinouya nemitengo yakakwira-inoda, kunyanya yechikwereti chinotenderera. Avhareji yemubereko pamakadhi echikwereti muIndia inotenderedza 20%.
Izvi zvakakwirira kudarika mibairo yemamwe marudzi ezvikwereti, zvakaita sezvikwereti zvemotokari uye zvikwereti zvemba. Kuwedzera kune izvozvo, muripo wekubhadhara wanonoka, mubhadharo wepagore, uye zvimwe zvikwereti zvinogonawo kuunganidza nekukasira, zvichitungamira kune kukwira kwechikwereti kana zvikasagadziriswa nemazvo.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti vatengi vanogona kupedzisira vabhadhara mari yakawanda mubereko kana vakasabhadhara chikwereti chavo chekadhi rechikwereti nenguva.
Mhedzisiro yeChikwereti cheKadhi reChikwereti padzimba dzeIndia
Kushushikana Kwemari uye Mutoro:
Kukwira kwechikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti muIndia kwakonzera kuwedzera kunetseka kwemari uye mutoro kune vanhu. Zviyero zvekadhi rechikwereti zvakakwirira, zvakasanganiswa nemari yemubereko yakakwira uye muripo, zvinogona kuunza mutoro mukuru wemari kune vane makadhi.
Uyu mutoro unogona kukonzera matambudziko mukuzadzisa zvisungo zvekubhadhara pamwedzi, zvichiita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakaipa pamagariro emari uye kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvehutsotsi. Izvi zvinoonekwa kubva pakuti kumativi 12.7% yevashandisi vemakadhi echikwereti vanotadza kubhadhara chikwereti chavo.
Negative Impact paChikwereti Chibodzwa:
Chikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti chisingatarisike chinogona kukanganisa chikamu chechikwereti chemunhu.
Kunonoka kubhadhara, kusabhadhara, kana chiyero chepamusoro chekushandisa kiredhiti kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwezvibodzwa zvechikwereti, zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kuti vanhu vawane kiredhiti mune ramangwana, kusanganisira zvikwereti uye zvikwereti, uye zvinogona kukonzera mhindu yepamusoro.
Zvinoenderana neCredit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL), zvibodzwa zvechikwereti zviri pasi pe750 zvinoonekwa sezvibodzwa zvishoma uye zvinogona kudzikisira kugona kwemunhu kuwana chikwereti.
Zvinokanganisa Kuchengeta uye Kuisa Mari:
Vanhu vakaremerwa nechikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti vanogona kunetseka kuisa parutivi mari yezvipo zvechimbichimbi, kuchengetedza mari yemudyandigere, kana mimwe mikana yekudyara.
Zviwanikwa zvemari zvingave zvakagoverwa kuchengetedza uye kudyara zvinongoshandiswa kushandira kadhi rechikwereti chikwereti.
Psychological and Social Impact:
Kuramba uchinetseka mune zvemari, kufunganya, uye kunzwa uchiremerwa nechikwereti zvinogona kukanganisa utano hwepfungwa.
Uyezve, vanhu vanobva kumhuri dzine mari shoma kana avo vane mari shoma vanokanganiswa zvisingaenzaniswi nechikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutoro wechikwereti chemubereko mukuru uye mukana wekubhadhara zvishoma unogona kuwedzera kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi uye kuwedzera kusaenzana kwemari.
Chii Chingaitwe Kugadzirisa Dambudziko Rechikwereti Chekadhi Rechikwereti?
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Itai Budget
Kugadzira bhajeti ndiyo hwaro hwekutonga kwemari kunoshanda. Zvinosanganisira kuronda mari uye mari inoshandiswa kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwekuti mari iri kushandiswa kupi uye kuti ingagadziriswe sei.
Tarisa mari uye mari inodiwa: Tanga nekurekodha ese mabviro emari uye kurongedza mari. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nemaoko kana kushandisa bhajeti mapurogiramu kana maspredishiti.
Ziva nzvimbo dze optimization: Ongorora mashandisirwo emari uye ona nzvimbo dzinogona kudzikiswa mari. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvido zvako, zvakadai sekudyira kunze kana kutandara, kana kuchengetedza mari yenguva dzose semagirosari kana zvekushandisa.
Koshesa kubhadhara chikwereti: Ipa chikamu chakati chebhajheji kune kadhi rechikwereti kubhadhara chikwereti. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti zvisungo zvechikwereti zvinosangana nenguva uye zvinodzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemhindu yepamusoro-soro uye chirango.
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Deredza Kushandisa Kadhi Rechikwereti
Kuderedza kuvimba nemakadhi echikwereti chinhu chinokosha pakudzivisa chikwereti chakanyanyisa. Mazano anotevera anogona kukubatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwekadhi rechikwereti:
Deredza kushandisa kadhi rechikwereti: Chengetedza kushandiswa kwekadhi rechikwereti kune zvakakosha kutenga uye emergency. Nekushandisa mari kana makadhi ekubhengi pakutengeserana kwezuva nezuva, unogona kudzivirira chikwereti chisingakoshi uye kukurudzira maitiro ekushandisa zvine hungwaru.
Shandisa kadhi rechikwereti kana mari: Ita nhamburiko yokungwarira kubhadhara nemari inowanika zviri nyore mukadhi rokubhengi kana kuti nemari. Izvi zvinosimudzira kudzora zvemari uye zvinoderedza muedzo wokuvimba nemakadhi echikwereti pakutenga.
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Bhadhara Zvakawanda kupfuura Zvishoma
Kubhadhara chete mari shoma yakafanira pamakadhi echikwereti kunogona kutungamirira kuchikwereti chenguva refu nechaji yemhindu yakawedzerwa.
Bhadhara kudarika zvishoma: Pose pazvinoita, vavarira kubhadhara mari inopfuura mari shoma inobhadharwa mwedzi woga woga. Nekubhadhara zvakanyanya, iwe unogona nyore nyore kuderedza chiyero chepamusoro nekukurumidza uye kuderedza mubereko unochajwa.
Koshesa chikwereti chemari yakawanda: Kana ukatakura zvikwereti pamakadhi echikwereti akawanda, tanga kubhadhara kadhi rine mubereko wepamusoro. Panguva imwe chete, ita mari shoma pane mamwe makadhi. Iri zano rinodzikisira mubereko wese wakabhadharwa uye rinobatsira vanhu kuti vasave nechikwereti zvakanyanya.
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Kuranga Kwemari uye Kugadziriswa Kwemaitiro
Kugadzira uye kuita tsika dzakanaka dzemari kwakakosha pakugadzirisa chikwereti chenguva refu. Hedzino dzimwe shanduko dzehunhu dzaungaite:
Vaka homwe ye emergency: Kugadzira homwe yekukurumidzira kunopa mambure ekuchengetedza mari kune mari isingatarisirwe. Kuva nemari yekuvimba nayo kunoderedza muedzo wekushandisa makadhi echikwereti panguva dzenjodzi, zvichibatsira kudzivirira chimwe chikwereti.
Gara uchiongorora zvirevo zvekadhi rechikwereti: Nyatsoongorora zvirevo zvekadhi rechikwereti zvepamwedzi kuti uone nekukasira kupesana, kubhadharisa kusingatenderwe, kana kuita chitsotsi. Kushuma nekugadzirisa nyaya nekukasika kunogona kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko emari.
Kuvandudza ruzivo rwezvemari: Shandisa nguva yako mukudzidzisa iwe nezve zvemari yemunhu, mitemo nemamiriro ezvinhu emakadhi echikwereti, kuverenga mhindu, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa chikwereti. Kuverenga mabhuku, kuwana zviwanikwa zvepamhepo, kana kuenda kumawekishopu zvinogona kukupa simba rekuita sarudzo dzemari uchiziva.
mhedziso
Kugadzirisa nyaya yechikwereti chekadhi rechikwereti muIndia kunoda nzira ine mativi mazhinji inosanganisira dzidzo yezvemari, matanho ekutonga, maitiro ekukweretesa ane mutoro, uye basa remunhu.
Nekuita zvirongwa izvi, vanhu vanogona kutora kutonga kwechikwereti chavo, masangano emari anogona kusimudzira kukwereta zvine hungwaru, uye vanodzora vanogona kuona kuchengetedzwa kwevatengi.
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