Ukuba ukhe wabandakanyeka kutyalo-mali ixesha elithile, uya kuba sele uqhelana negama elithi izahlulo.
Kodwa ukuba umtsha kutyalo-mali okanye uzifumana uziva uxinezelekile - ke eli nqaku lelakho!
Kule bhlog, uya kwazi ngakumbi malunga nezabelo kunye nendlela onokuzisebenzisa ngayo kucwangciso lwakho lwezemali. Kodwa okokuqala, yintoni i-dividend, kunjalo?
Yintoni iSahlulo?
Isabelo kulwabiwo lwenxenye yengeniso yenkampani kubanini-zabelo.
Xa inkampani ifumana inzuzo okanye intsalela, ibhodi inokusebenzisa loo ngeniso utyalo-mali kwakhona kwishishini, isasaze kubanini-zabelo ngezabelo, okanye izithengele izabelo zayo.
Ibhodi yabalawuli yenkampani yenza isigqibo sokuba kwaye nini intlawulo yezahlulo ngokufanayo impahla. Ibhodi ithatha esi sigqibo kuba senza okona kulungileyo kubaninizabelo, abangabanikazi bazo. Bafuna ukuthatha amanyathelo aya kwandisa ixabiso labo utyalo-mali ekuqhubekeni.
Izabelo zinokuhlawulwa ngemali eziinkozo okanye zisasazwe njengezabelo ezongezelelweyo. Izahlulo zidla ngokubhengezwa kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka kwaye zihlawulwe ikota enye okanye ngaphezulu emva komhla wokubhengezwa.
Iindidi zezahlulo:
Zininzi iindidi zezahlulo, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo yimali yezahlulo. Makhe sibone iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezahlulo ezihlawulwe ziinkampani.
- Izahlulo zemali: Izahlulo zemali yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yolwahlulo kwaye ihlawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kubaninimasheya. Uya kuhlawulwa ngemali ezinkozo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuthunyelwa ngekhompyutha.
- Izahlulo zezabelo: Izabelo zezabelo zihlawulwa kwizabelo zenkampani endaweni yemali. Uya kuhlawulwa ngendlela yezabelo ezongeziweyo endaweni yeentlawulo zemali.
- Ulwahlulo olukhethekileyo: Isahlulo esikhethekileyo yintlawulo eyongezelelweyo eyenziwa kubanini-zabelo yinkampani engeyonxalenye yomjikelo wesahlulo sesiqhelo. Izabelo ezikhethekileyo zikholisa ukubakho ngenxa yohlengahlengiso lweshishini okanye ezinye izinto ezitshintsha imbono yabaphathi malunga nokulindelweyo kweshishini.
- IziCwangciso zoTyalo-mali olwahlulwahlulwayo (DRIPs): I-DRIPs ziinkqubo onokuthi ngazo utyale kwakhona izabelo zakho zemali kwizabelo ezininzi zenkampani ekhuphayo ngokwayo.
Ingaba umhla wesabelo sangaphambili wahluke njani kumhla werekhodi?
Umhla wesabelo sangaphambili kunye nomhla werekhodi yimihla emibini ebalulekileyo kubanini bamasheya.
Umhla wesabelo sangaphambili ngumhla apho inkampani ibhengeza ukuba ayisayi kuphinda ihlawule izabelo kubanini-zabelo abathenga izabelo emva kwalo mhla.
Umhla werekhodi ngumhla apho ibhodi yabalawuli yenkampani imisela ukuba ngubani ophethe izabelo ngexesha elithile, ngoko zonke iintlawulo zezahlulo ziya kuya kwabo bantu.
Ukubhideka phakathi komhla werekhodi kunye nomhla wangaphambili wesahlulo sixhaphakile. Eyangaphambili ibekwe yinkampani, kwaye yokugqibela yi-stock exchange. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho ixesha lokuhlawulela urhwebo olwenziwe kutshintshiselwano.
Kutheni uthenga izabelo zezabelo?
Ewe, kukho izibonelelo zokwenyani zokubamba izabelo kwiinkampani ezenza ingeniso kuwe njengomnini sabelo. Iintlawulo zezahlulo zinokubonisa inkampani esempilweni.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba inkampani iqhuba kakuhle, enye indlela ekhawulezayo kukujonga iintlawulo zayo zesahlulo. Ukuba inkampani ihlawula izabelo, oko kuthetha ukuba inemali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula iintlawulo kwaye isasebenza.
Izabelo zokwahlulwahlulwa zinokubonelela ngomqamelo omhle ngokuchasene nokuguquguquka kweemarike. Ingeniso eyongezelelweyo inokunceda ukulungisa ilahleko enokubakho ngexesha lemijikelo ephantsi okanye yenze kube lula ukuphinda utyale imali kwamanye amathuba.
Izahlulo ngumthombo omkhulu wengeniso yokwenziwa. Elona candelo lihle malunga nezabelo zezabelo kukuba zinokubonelela ngomjelo wengeniso-nokuba awuthengi ngokusebenzayo kwimarike yemasheya.
Ukuba uthenga izabelo zeenkampani ezisoloko zihlawula izahlulo uze ubambelele kuzo iminyaka emininzi, unokuqalisa ukuhlawulwa ngaphandle kokuba wenze nawuphi na umsebenzi!
Kutheni iiNkampani zihlawula izabelo
Iinkampani zihlawula izabelo kuba zifuna ukuvuza abanini-zabelo zabo kwaye zibakhuthaze ukuba batyale imali kwinkampani. Izahlulo zisoloko zisetyenziswa njengenkuthazo kubatyali-mali ukuba babambelele kwizabelo, kunokuba bazithengise kwimarike yemasheya.
Iintlawulo zezahlulo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zokuxhasa ngemali imisebenzi yenkampani kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
Xa iinkampani zihlawula izabelo, zikhupha imali ebinokusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo. Nangona kunjalo, izabelo zinokunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwezimali kwenkampani ngokunyusa ixabiso lesabelo kunye nokwenza ukuba kube nomtsalane ngakumbi kubatyali-mali.
Iinkampani zingakwazi ukonyusa iintlawulo zazo zezahlulo ukuba inzuzo yazo ikhula okanye ukuba ixabiso lesabelo linyuka kakhulu.
Indlela yokuvavanya iZahlulo?
Xa uvavanya i-dividend, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqwalasele kukuba uzinze kangakanani na. Iinkampani ezihlawula izabelo ezingaguqukiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha zisenokwenza njalo kuba zinemodeli yoshishino oluzinzileyo kwaye zinokuvelisa ukuhamba kwemali okwaneleyo ukuxhasa ezo ntlawulo.
Ngokubanzi, i-dividend ephezulu, i-stock ixabisa ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi onokuthi uvavanye izabelo.
- Ulwahlulo lokhuseleko: Lo mlinganiselo ulinganisa ukuba yimalini inkampani enayo esandleni emva kwenkcitho kunye neentlawulo zenzala. Ibonisa ukuba yiyiphi ipesenti yemivuzo ngesabelo ngasinye (EPS) ehlawulwa njengezabelo. Okukhona iphezulu le pesenti, kokukhona ukhuseleko lubonakala ngathi ulwahlulo.
- Umlinganiselo wentlawulo: Oku kuthelekisa ukuba yimalini eyingeniso ehlawulweyo kwizabelo zonyaka omnye xa kuthelekiswa nokuba yimalini ephinde yatyalwa emsebenzini okanye esetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo ezifana nokuthengwa kwezabelo okanye ukufunyanwa. Umlinganiselo wentlawulo ephezulu uthetha ukuba kukho imivuzo engaphezulu ehlawulwayo njengezahlulo kunokuba iphinde yatyalwa kwimisebenzi okanye isetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo. Okukhona liphezulu eli nani, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba inkampani iya kuba nobunzima bokuhlawula izabelo zexesha elizayo.
- Inqanaba lokuKhula kweSahlulo: Izinga lokukhula kwesahlulo silinganisa ukuba inkampani inyusa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani intlawulo yezahlulo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umniki-mali okhulayo uqinisekisa abatyali-mali ukuba banokuthembela kwingeniso yabo evela kwimbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwabo.
- Isivuno Ingeniso yesahlulo ibalwa ngokwahlulahlula isahlulo sonyaka ngesabelo ngasinye ngexabiso langoku lesitokhwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isitokethi sinesabelo sonyaka se-2 kwisabelo ngasinye kwaye ixabiso langoku liyi-40 ngesabelo ngasinye, ngoko isivuno sayo siya kuba yi-5%. Iphezulu isivuno se-dividend, ingcono, kuba ibonisa ukuba abatyali-mali bayahlawulwa ngomngcipheko wabo wokubamba isitokhwe esinikeziwe. Kwezinye iimeko, iinkampani ezihlawula izabelo ezinkulu zinokungakhulisi amashishini abo ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo okanye zivelise imali eyaneleyo yokugcina ezo zabelo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kunokuba yiflegi ebomvu kubatyali-mali abafuna iinkampani eziza kubonelela ngokuqhubekayo ngokukhula ngaphandle kokuncama imveliso yangoku yokuhamba kwemali.
Irhafu yeNgeniso kuMvuzo weSahlulo eIndiya
Izahlulo yinxalenye yomvuzo womntu okanye inkampani. Ukuba inkampani ihlawula izabelo kubanini-zabelo bayo, abaninizabelo kuya kufuneka bahlawule irhafu kuyo. Isixa sesahlulo esifunyenwe ngumnini-sabelo songezwa kwingeniso yakhe iyonke kwaye sirhafiswa ngokwereyithi ye-slab yakhe.
NgokoMthetho wezeMali, ka-2020, ukuba ufumana izabelo kwinkampani yaseIndiya okanye ngxowa-mali ngaphezulu kwe-Rs 5,000 ngonyaka, inkampani iya kutsala irhafu kuyo nge-10%.
Isixa serhafu esixhuzulwayo siya kuboniswa kwisatifikethi sakho sesahlulo, kwaye ikhredithi yesi sixa iya kunikwa wena ngelixa ugcwalisa imbuyekezo yerhafu yengeniso. Kuya kufuneka uhlawule irhafu kamva ngokusekelwe kwingeniso yakho yaloo nyaka-mali xa ufaka imbuyekezo yerhafu yengeniso.
Ukushwankathela, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo zininzi izizathu zokuba nethemba kwaye ube nemincili malunga notyalo-mali lwe-dividend, ngakumbi njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokwenza olu tyalo-mali lube lula kwaye lufikeleleke ngakumbi.
Ngelixa kufuneka uzimisele ukwenza isabelo sakho sophando kwaye ufunde kancinci malunga nentengiso, akunzima kakhulu ukuqalisa. Ukuba unomdla kwaphela kwingeniso yengeniso kunye nokwakha ubutyebi kwixesha elide, kufanelekile ukujonga.
Okona kuncinci, ukuphonononga olu luhlu lungentla kufuneka kukunike umbono olungileyo wokuba zeziphi na izitokhwe zezabelo, zisebenza njani, kwaye zeziphi ezinokugqibela zibe ziinjongo zotyalo-mali olusebenzayo kuwe.
Shiya iMpendulo