Izibambiso zikaRhulumente, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-G-Secs, lukhetho lotyalo-mali oludumileyo eIndiya. Ezi ziqinisekiso zidume ngenxa yomngcipheko ophantsi kunye nembuyekezo ezinzileyo.
Zikhutshwa nguRhulumente waseIndiya ukuxhasa ngemali inkcitho kunye nokuboleka kwaye zixhaswa lukholo olupheleleyo kunye netyala likarhulumente.
Eli nqaku liza kunika isikhokelo senyathelo ngenyathelo ekuthengeni izibambiso zikarhulumente eIndiya. Ndiza kugubungela iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-G-Secs ezikhoyo, iindlela zokufaneleka zokuzithenga, kunye nenkqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa ii-G-Secs.
Nokuba ngumtyali-mali onamava okanye usaqalayo, esi sikhokelo siya kukunceda uqonde ubuchwephesha botyalo-mali kwi-G-Secs kwaye wenze izigqibo zotyalo-mali ezinolwazi. Masiqalise.
Yintoni iziKhuseli zikaRhulumente?
Izibambiso zikaRhulumente, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-G-Secs, zizibhondi ezikhutshwe nguRhulumente waseIndiya ukuxhasa ngemali inkcitho kunye nokuboleka kwakhe. Bajongwa njengokhetho lotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo ngenxa yokholo olupheleleyo kunye netyala likarhulumente elibaxhasayo.
I-G-Secs ikunika ireyithi emiselweyo yembuyekezo kwaye ikhutshwa ngokukhula ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi aliqela eminyaka. Ziyakwazi ukubanjwa nokuba zezenyama okanye zikhutshwe (demat) kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike yesibini ngokusebenzisa utshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe okanye i-over-the-counter (OTC) amajelo.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-G-Secs?
Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili ze-G-Secs eIndiya ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- Izinga lembuyekezo esisigxina: I-G-Secs ibonelela ngezinga elimiselweyo lenzala, ehlawulwa rhoqo (umz., ngonyaka, isiqingatha sonyaka, okanye ngekota) ide ivuthwe ibhondi.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi: I-G-Secs lutyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo kuba urhulumente uyazixhasa ezi ziqinisekiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokusilela okanye ukungahlawuli.
- kwamatyala: Ii-G-Secs zimanzi kakhulu kwaye zithengwa ngokulula kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike yesibini.
- ukohlulwa: I-G-Secs inokuguqula iphothifoliyo kwaye inciphise umngcipheko jikelele.
Iindidi zeZibambiso zikaRhulumente eIndiya
IBhanki enguVimba yaseIndiya ikhupha iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko; iintlobo eziphambili ze-G-Secs zezi:
- Amatyala kaNondyebo: Ezi zizixhobo zetyala lexesha elifutshane ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente kangangeentsuku ezingama-91, 182, kunye neentsuku ezingama-364. Zikhutshwa ngesaphulelo ngokwexabiso lazo kwaye zihlawulelwa ngokwexabiso elijongene nazo xa zikhula. Amatyala kaNondyebo athathwa njengezixhobo ezingenamngcipheko njengoko urhulumente eyikhupha.
- Iziqinisekiso zomhla: Ezi zizixhobo zetyala lexesha elide ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente ixesha elisusela kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-30. Bahlawula inzala kumnini ngamathuba athile kwaye bahlawulelwa ngexabiso elibonakalayo ekuvuthweni.
- Iimali-mboleko zophuhliso lukarhulumente: Ezi zizibambiso zetyala ezikhutshwe ngoorhulumente bamazwe ukuxhasa ngemali iziseko zophuhliso kunye neeprojekthi zophuhliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhutshwa kwixesha elisusela kwi-5 ukuya kwi-15 iminyaka.
Ngaphandle kwezi, urhulumente ukhupha nezinye iintlobo zokhuseleko: i-CMBs, i-TIPS, i-Zero-Coupon Bonds, i-Capital Indexed Bonds, i-Floating Rate Bonds, njl.
Zonke ezi G-Secs zidweliswe kwii-stock exchanges kwaye zingathengwa kwaye zithengiswe ngabatyalo-mali. Zithathwa njengokhetho lotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo njengoko urhulumente ekhupha, kodwa zikwathande ukuba nembuyekezo ephantsi kunezinye izibambiso, ezinje ngeebhondi zeshishini.
Iinqobo zokufaneleka zoKhuseleko lukaRhulumente eIndiya
Iikhrayitheriya zokufaneleka zokuthatha inxaxheba kwiifandesi nasekuthengeni ii-G-Secs zezi zilandelayo:
- Age: Akukho mda weminyaka yokuthenga i-G-Secs.
- Ingeniso: Akukho mfuneko yengeniso yokuthenga i-G-Secs.
- Ubuzwe: Abemi baseIndiya kunye namaIndiya angahlaliyo (NRIs) banokuthenga i-G-Secs. Nangona kunjalo, ii-NRIs kufuneka zithobele uMthetho woLawulo loTshintsho lwaseIndiya (FEMA) kunye neminye imimiselo yotyalo-mali.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwifandesi kwaye uthenge i-G-Secs, wena okanye naliphi na iziko kufuneka libe ne-akhawunti yedemat. Kufuneka ube ne-akhawunti yokurhweba esebenzayo kunye ne-SEBI ebhalisiweyo (i-Securities and Exchange Board yaseIndiya) umthengisi okanye umthathi-nxaxheba we-depository.
Inkqubo yefandesi ye-G-Secs iqhutywa ngeNkqubo yokuThetha iNgxoxo (NDS) kunye neqonga lokuNika iNgxelo yeeNkqubo zeNgeniso (R-PIS), iiplatifti ze-elektroniki ezilawulwa yi-RBI.
Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuba iinqobo zokugweba zokufaneleka zokuthenga i-G-Secs zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kukhuseleko olunikezelwayo kunye nemigaqo yefandesi. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nomcebisi wezezimali okanye i-RBI ngolwazi olungakumbi kwiimfuno ezithile zokuthenga i-G-Secs.
ISikhokelo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo sokuThenga iiSecurity zikaRhulumente eIndiya
Inkqubo yokuthenga i-G-Secs ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
1. Vula iAkhawunti yeDemat
I-akhawunti yedemat iyafuneka ukuze ubambe i-G-Secs ngekhompyutha. Ukuvula i-akhawunti yedepository, kufuneka udibane noMthathi-nxaxheba weDepository (DP). Kufuneka ibhaliswe kwiNational Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) okanye iCentral Depository Services Limited (CDSL).
Kuya kufuneka ugcwalise ifomu yesicelo kwaye ungenise amaxwebhu afunekayo, njengobungqina besazisi, ubungqina bedilesi, kunye nekhadi lePAN.
2. Khetha iBroker
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwifandesi ye-G-Sec, kuya kufuneka ukhethe i-SEBI (i-Securities and Exchange Board yaseIndiya) i-broker ebhalisiweyo ilungu le-NDS (iNkqubo yokuThetha iNgxoxo) kunye ne-R-PIS (iqonga leNgxelo yeeNkqubo zeNgeniso) .
Unokukhetha umthengisi ngokusekwe kwigama labo, iifizi, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi.
3. Faka iodolo
Ukwenza iodolo ye-G-Secs, kufuneka ulandele amanyathelo achazwe ngumthengisi wakho. Oku kunokuquka ukuzalisa ifom ye-intanethi eneenkcukacha ezifana nohlobo lokhuseleko ofuna ukuluthenga, ubungakanani, kunye nexabiso ozimisele ukulihlawula. Umthengisi uya kuthi ke angenise ibhidi yakho nge-NDS okanye iqonga le-R-PIS.
4. Lindela iFandesi
I-RBI iqhuba iifandesi ze-G-Sec rhoqo kwaye ibhengeze iinkcukacha ze-securities ezinikezelwayo kunye neshedyuli ye-auction kwangaphambili. Ungajonga ishedyuli kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwifandesi ngokubeka ibhidi yakho kumthengisi wakho.
5. Fumana iiSecurities
Ukuba ibhidi yakho iphumelele, izibambiso ziya kufakwa kwi-akhawunti yedeti yakho ngomhla wolungiso, ngokwesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezimbini zomsebenzi emva kwefandesi. Ukuba isicelo sakho asiphumelelanga, imali yakho iya kubuyiselwa kuwe.
Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa Zerodha njengomthengisi wakho, nantsi indlela onokuthi uyithenge ngayo i-G-Secs:
- Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuba i-RBI iqalisile ifandesi ofuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo.
- Nje ukuba uqinisekile, yiya ku IWebhu yemali kwaye ungene usebenzisa iziqinisekiso zakho zeKite.
- Kwideshibhodi, uya kubona "iibhondi zikaRhulumente" cinezela kuyo.
- Ngaphantsi kodidi ngalunye, uya kubona uluhlu lweentengiso ezininzi xa zivulelwe iodolo.
- Okwangoku, akukho bhondi okanye izibambiso zihlala zithengwa kwi-RBI.
- Ungacofa "Cofa apha" ukujonga ukuba izibambiso ziya kuvulelwa nini utyalo-mali.
- Xa iiodolo zibukhoma, ungakhetha i-G-Sec ofuna ukutyala imali kuyo kwaye ucofe ku-“Place Order”
Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Twitter Zerodha
- Emva koko khetha inani leeyunithi ofuna ukuzithenga.
- Cofa ku "Qinisekisa" ukugqiba iodolo yakho
ISikhokelo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo sokuthengisa iiSecurity zikaRhulumente eIndiya
Inkqubo yokuthengisa i-G-Secs iphantse yafana nenkqubo yokuthenga, kunye neenguqu ezincinci njengoko ufikelela kwindawo yokuthengisa yokwenene. Makhe siyijonge:
1. Faka iodolo
Ukuthengisa i-G-Secs, kuya kufuneka ulandele amanyathelo achazwe ngumthengisi wakho. Oku kunokuquka ukuzalisa ifom ye-intanethi eneenkcukacha ezifana nohlobo lokhuseleko ofuna ukuluthengisa, ubungakanani, kunye nexabiso ozimisele ukulamkela.
Umthengisi uya kuthi ke angenise umnikelo wakho nge-NDS okanye iqonga le-R-PIS.
2. Lindela uMthengi
I-G-Secs iya kufumaneka ukuthengwa ngabanye abatyali-mali ngokusebenzisa i-NDS okanye i-R-PIS iqonga. Ukuba umthengi ufunyenwe, izibambiso ziya kudluliselwa kwi-akhawunti yedemat yomthengi ngomhla wokuhlawula, ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezimbini zokusebenza emva kwentengiso.
3. Fumana iNtlawulo
Nje ukuba izibambiso zidluliselwe, uya kufumana intlawulo yokuthengisa. Intlawulo iya kufakwa kwi-akhawunti yakho yebhanki okanye yenziwe ngetshekhi, ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yentengiso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yomthengisi wakho.
Makhe ndikunike umzekelo wendlela yokuthengisa i-G-secs ukuba usebenzisa i-Zerodha njengomthengisi wakho:
- Yiya yakho Zerodha ukubanjwa kweakhawunti; ungacofa apha.
- Khetha i-G-secs ofuna ukuyithengisa, cofa ku-"Options", uze ucofe ku-"Phuma"
- Ngoku khetha umda wokukhetha, kwaye ufake ixabiso ofuna ukuthengisa ngalo.
- Cofa ku-"Thengisa" ukuthengisa izinto zakho.
Imingcipheko kunye neeMbuyiselo zeZibambiso zikaRhulumente eIndiya
Imingcipheko yeeSecurity zikaRhulumente eIndiya
Imingcipheko enokubakho kutyalo-mali kwi-G-Secs e-Indiya ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Umngcipheko wetyala: Urhulumente ujongene nezidubedube zemali. Ngenxa yobunzima bezemali, isenokungakwazi ukwenza iintlawulo kwangethuba zenqununu kunye nenzala kwizibambiso. Nangona kunjalo, lo mngcipheko uthathwa ngokuba uphantsi kwi-G-Secs ekhutshwe ngurhulumente waseIndiya ngakumbi. Kuba thina, njengelizwe, sinerekhodi eyomeleleyo yokwenza intlawulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwizibophelelo zethu zamatyala.
- Umngcipheko wenzala: Ii-G-Secs zinovakalelo kutshintsho kwinzala. Ukuba izinga lenzala liyenyuka, ixabiso lee-G-Secs ezikhoyo ezinenzala esezantsi zinokuhla. Oku kunokubangela ilahleko eyinkunzi kumtyali-mali. Kwelinye icala, ukuba izinga lenzala liyehla, ixabiso le-G-Secs elinenzala ephezulu linokunyuka, linikeze inzuzo enkulu.
- Umngcipheko wokunyuka kwamaxabiso: I-G-Secs ngokubanzi inezinga lenzala esisigxina. Ngoko ke, urhulumente unokulithoba ixabiso lemali oyifumanayo ngokwenza inzala ekuhambeni kwexesha. Umzekelo, ukuba izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso liphezulu kunezinga lenzala kwi-G-Sec, ixabiso leentlawulo zenzala kumandla okuthenga linokuhla ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Imbuyekezo yeZibambiso zikaRhulumente eIndiya
Imbuyekezo enokubakho kutyalo-mali kwi-G-Secs e-Indiya ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Umvuzo oqhelekileyo: I-G-Secs ngokubanzi ibonelela ngenzala emiselweyo, ehlawulwa kumtyali-mali rhoqo (umz., ngenyanga, ngekota, okanye ngonyaka). Oku kunokubonelela ngomthombo oqhelekileyo wengeniso kubatyali-mali.
- Ukuxabisa inkunzi: Ixabiso le-G-Secs linokwenyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yotshintsho kumazinga enzala okanye kwimfuno yemarike yezibambiso. Oku kunokubangela uxabiso lwenkunzi kumtyali-mali.
- Safety: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-G-Secs ngokubanzi ithathwa njengotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo njengoko ikhutshwa ngurhulumente waseIndiya, onegunya lokuqokelela iirhafu kunye nezinye iingeniso ukwenza iintlawulo ngexesha lenqununu kunye nenzala.
isiphelo
I-G-Secs, okanye izibambiso zikarhulumente, zizixhobo zamatyala ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente ukunyusa imali ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. I-G-secs ikhuselekile kuba urhulumente unokuqokelela irhafu kunye nezinye iingeniso ngaphandle kweemeko zoqoqosho. Oku kuvumela urhulumente ukuba enze iintlawulo kwangethuba zenqununu kunye nenzala kubanini-zibambiso.
Imingcipheko enokubakho kutyalo-mali kwi-G-Secs ibandakanya umngcipheko wetyala, umngcipheko wezinga lenzala, kunye nomngcipheko wokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Nangona kunjalo, imbuyekezo enokubakho kutyalo-mali kwi-G-Secs ibandakanya umvuzo oqhelekileyo, ukuxatyiswa kwenkunzi, kunye nokhuseleko.
Phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo, kufuneka uqwalasele ngononophelo ubungozi obunokubakho kunye nembuyekezo yotyalo-mali kwi-G-Secs. I-G-Secs ingalutyalo-mali olulungileyo ukuba ukhangela umthombo okhuselekileyo nozinzile wengeniso okanye unomdla ekugcineni amandla okuthenga otyalo-mali lwakho kwixesha elide.
Lilonke, i-G-Secs inokuba lulongezelelo oluxabisekileyo kwipotifoliyo yezemali eyohlukeneyo, ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukutyala imali kukhetho lotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo noluzinzileyo.
Shiya iMpendulo