Izabelo ezingadweliswanga nje zezo zabelo ezingadweliswanga kuzo naziphi na iimarike ezinkulu.
Ezi mpahla, nangona kunjalo, ziyafumaneka kwamanye amaqonga.
Eli nqaku liza kukuxelela yonke into malunga nezi nkampani zingadweliswanga kunye nendlela onokutyala ngayo ngokulula kuzo.
Ke, ngaphandle kokulibazisa kwakhona, masingene ngqo kuyo.
Zeziphi Izabelo ezingadweliswanga?
Izabelo ezingadweliswanga ziiSecurities okanye iimveliso zemali ezingadweliswanga kwistock exchange. Zithengiswa kwi-over-the-counter(OTC) kwimarike kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zizibambiso ze-OTC.
Umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa notyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya ungaphantsi ngokuthelekisa kwiimarike ze-OTC ngenxa yolawulo olusebenzayo lwe-SEBI, amaxabiso emarike, kunye nokuveza elubala.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho kuvuleka okunjalo okanye ulawulo kwindawo engadweliswanga. Ke, abatyali-mali kufuneka baphonononge ngocoselelo phambi kokuba batyale imali kweli candelo.
Iintlobo zeeSecurity zeMali ezingadweliswanga
Izixhobo zemali ezingahambelani nemigangatho yoluhlu azithengiswa ngokutshintshiselana ngokusesikweni.
Izibambiso ezingadweliswanga zidla ngokukhutshwa ziinkampani ezincinci okanye ezintsha ezingakwaziyo okanye ezingafuniyo ukuthobela imithetho yotshintshiselwano esemthethweni, enje ngonyino lwemalikethi yemalike okanye iindleko zokudwelisa.
Ukongeza, ishishini kufuneka libe likhuphe inani elithile lezabelo kwaye kufuneka likwazi ukuhlawulela uluhlu lwalo kutshintshiselwano ngelixa livela esidlangalaleni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kwanamashishini asemthethweni angaphandle angafuni ukungenisa iingxelo ze-SEC, musa ukuzibhala phantsi. Iimarike zesitokhwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitokhwe segama sihlala sithengiswa kwi-OTCBB okanye kwi-pink sheets kwaye yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zokhuseleko ezingadweliswanga. Oku kuquka iipenny stocks ezinokurhweba ngamaxabiso amancinci.
Uninzi lwezixhobo ezingezizo, ezingadweliswanga, ezinje ngotshintshiselwano, izibambiso zikarhulumente, kunye neebhondi zeshishini, nazo ziyathengiswa kwimarike ye-OTC.
ISikhokelo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo sokuTyala imali kwiZabelo ezingadweliswanga
La manyathelo asixhenxe alandelayo anokusetyenziswa ukwahlula inkqubo yotyalo-mali kwizabelo ezingadweliswanga:
1. IiMfuno zeAkhawunti yeDemat kunye noRhwebo
I-akhawunti ye-Demat kunye ne-akhawunti yorhwebo iyafuneka ukuba lixesha lakho lokuqala utyala imali kwizabelo ezingadweliswanga.
Ungasebenzisa nayiphi na i-CDSL okanye i-NSDL-ebhalisiweyo yorhwebo kunye neakhawunti ye-Demat. Nangona kunjalo, awukwazi ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa izitokhwe ezingadweliswanga kwi-brokerage firm ikunika i-akhawunti ye-Demat kuba abajongani nezitokhwe ezinjalo.
Iindawo ezimbini zokugcina imali zesizwe, i-CDSL kunye ne-NSDL, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule meko. Izabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo zithunyelwa kwiakhawunti yakho yeDemat xa uthenga izibambiso ezingadweliswanga.
Unokusebenzisa usetyenziso lweMyEasi olusuka kwiCDSL okanye usetyenziso lweNSDL ukujonga okufanayo.
2. Khetha oyena Mthetheleli ubalaseleyo
Inqanaba elilandelayo kukukhetha umlamli ofanelekileyo, elilelona nyathelo libalulekileyo kuyo yonke le nkqubo. Unokuthenga izitokhwe ezingafakwanga kuluhlu lwabalamleli. Zezi:
- Brokers
- Amashishini e-PMS
- Abakhuthazi\sEquity Abatyali-zimali kumaqonga okuxhasa abantu abaninzi/iiNgxowa-mali zeNgelosi
- Abasebenzi abasebenzela inkampani ngoku kwaye baneESOPs
Abarhwebi abasebenzelana nezi zabelo yeyona ndlela ilula yokutyala imali kwizabelo ezingadweliswanga, njengoko zifikeleleka lula.
Ezi nkampani zokuthengisa zithenga izabelo kumashishini ajonge ukuthengisa impahla yawo. Bandula ke banikele ngezabelo ezithengiswayo kubathengi, bancedise ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni izabelo, baze babeke iliso kwixabiso lezi zabelo zingadweliswanga.
3. UVavanyo lweStokhwe
Kuya kufuneka ube nokholo kwaba barhwebi kuba awukwazi ukufumana ixabiso lezi zabelo kwi-intanethi okanye ngokutshintshiselana. Aba barhwebi babeka uluhlu lwemirhumo ukutshintshiselana ngeenkonzo zabo.
Ukusuka komnye umthengisi ukuya kwelinye, iintlawulo ziyahluka. Ke kufuneka uthelekise amaxabiso kunye neenkonzo abazinikezelayo. Kufuneka kwakhona ufumanise ukuba zeziphi izabelo ezingadweliswanga abajongene nazo.
4. Uthethathethwano ngokuBekwa koMyalelo
Izitokhwe ezingadweliswanga zithengiswa phezu kwekhawuntara. Ke, ukuba ufuna ukutyala imali kuzo, kuya kufuneka uthethe ngexabiso kunye nomthetheli.
Okulandelayo, unokuthengiselana ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye uthenge izabelo, umzekelo, ngeRs. 120 isabelo ngasinye.
Umntu ophakathi uya kubuyela kuwe ukuba ixabiso liwela ngaphantsi kwe-Rs. 100, kwaye unokugqiba ngokulula intengiselwano. Njengokuthenga, unokuyeka ukuthengisa izabelo zakho de zifikelele kwixabiso olifunayo.
5. Ukubekwa kweodolo
Iiodolo ziquka inani lezabelo ofuna ukuzithenga okanye ukuzithengisa kunye nexabiso onqwenela ukwenza ngalo oko.
Umthetheli uya kuthi emva koko avavanye iodolo phambi kokuba iqhutywe. Iiodolo zinokufakwa ngefowuni, okanye unokufowunela umntu ophakathi (okanye umthumelele ileta) uze umnike yonke inkcazelo. Makhe sijonge kuluhlu lwamaxwebhu anyanzelekileyo ukuze ugqibezele lo myalelo.
6. Ukungeniswa kwamaxwebhu afunekayo.
Ukuthenga nokuthengisa izabelo, amaphepha alandelayo ayafuneka:
- Ikhadi lePan
- IKHADI LEAADHAR
- Ikopi yoMthengi oyiNtloko
- Irhoxisiwe uHlolo
Ukongeza kumaphepha akhankanywe ngasentla, i-Delivery Instruction Slip (DIS) iyafuneka ukuze kuthengiswe izabelo ezingadweliswanga.
I-CMC luxwebhu oluqulathe imiyalelo kwinani lezabelo ezithengwayo, ixabiso ngesabelo ngasinye, kunye nesixa sisonke.
Ngokufanayo, inani lezabelo oceba ukuzithengisa, ixabiso elibuzwayo, kunye nengeniso yentengiso iyonke zikhankanyiwe kwi-DIS. Umthetheli/umthengisi ubonelela ngala maxwebhu omabini.
Isinyathelo sokuqala, esibandakanya ukudluliselwa kwezabelo kunye nentlawulo, sisesandleni sakho njengoko kufuneka wenze intlawulo ngokulandelayo.
Umntu ophakathi uya kuqalisa ukulungisa ukuthenga kwakho xa sele efumene intlawulo. Izabelo ziya kuba kwiakhawunti yakho yeDemat phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa zokusebenza.
Ukuze uthengise ezi zabelo, kufuneka uqale uzidlulisele kwiakhawunti yommeli okanye ngqo kwiakhawunti yomnye umtyali-mali, oya kuthi ke afake imali efunyenweyo kwiakhawunti yakho yebhanki.
Intengiselwano iqukunjelwa xa ufumana izabelo, ngelixa uzithenga, okanye imali, xa uzithengisa.
Iindlela zoTyalo-mali kwiiNkampani ezingadweliswanga
Unokuthatha inxaxheba kwifemu yabucala phambi koNiko loLuntu lokuqala (IPO) ngokuthenga izabelo zayo ezingadweliswanga. Iinzuzo ezilindelekileyo sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba abatyali-mali bathenge ezi zabelo.
Iinkampani zibonelela ngamaxabiso athotyiweyo kwezi zabelo ukwenza abatyali-mali bathenge inxalenye enkulu yezabelo zabo ezingadweliswanga. Iindleko zezi zabelo ziyakunyuka ngexesha le-IPO, ngaloo ndlela zenza abatyali-mali bokuqala batyebe.
Kuba izabelo ezingadweliswanga zinokugqithiselwa kuphela nge-elektroniki, wonke umntu onqwenela ukuzithenga kufuneka abe neakhawunti yeDemat. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuvuleka kwecandelo loshishino, ukhuseleko lomtyali-mali, kunye nolawulo.
Makhe sibone iindlela ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezingadweliswanga.
1. Ngokusebenzisa abaPhakathi kunye nabaQalayo
Ukuthengwa kwesabelo esingadweliswanga kwi-Intanethi ngokuqhelekileyo kulukhetho koosomashishini. Ngokuqhelekileyo banikezela ngokulingana kwabo kwiiwebhusayithi zabo.
Ngesiqhelo, ubuncinci beRs. I-50,000 inyanzelekile ukuba ube yinxalenye yenkampani kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuxhomekeke kuphela kwinkampani.
Inqaku lika-Aayush:
Ekuphela kwexesha endiye ndathenga ngalo izabelo ezingadweliswanga zenkampani kwakudlula Dezerv. Izabelo endizithengileyo zezenkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-boAt.
2. Ngabasebenzi
Uninzi lweenkampani zabucala zibonelela abasebenzi babo ngezicwangciso zobunini bempahla (ESOPs) ukubagcina kwaye babanike imvakalelo yobunini. Ke, ezi zabelo zingadweliswanga zikwafumaneka nakubasebenzi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba unokucela nje abahlobo bakho okanye izalamane ukuba zikufumanele izabelo zeenkampani ezinjalo..
3. Ngokusetyenziswa kwamaZiko ezeMali
Njengoko izabelo ezingadweliswanga zingabizi, amaziko emali atyala imali eninzi kuwo. Umtyali-mali onenkunzi enkulu kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko ophezulu ngoko ke utyala imali kwizabelo ezingadweliswanga kwiziko lemali.
4. Amaqonga okuxhasa ngemali abantu abaninzi
Esi sisenzo esiqhelekileyo kuqaliso kuba lwenza ukuba iqela elikhulu labatyali-mali lidibanise izixhobo zabo kunye nokuqalisa ngemali ngokutshintshiselana ngepesenti yezabelo zabo ezingadweliswanga. Aba batyali-mali kamva baxhasa ngemali ezi nkampani ngokutshintshiselana ngokulinganayo.
Uzikhetha njani iiNkampani ezingadweliswanga
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokutyala imali kwiinkampani ezingadweliswanga. Zijonge ngezantsi.
1. Phanda amashishini exesha elizayo
Oku kuseyeyona mpembelelo iphambili kutyalo-mali. Fumana amashishini angomso oza kutyala kuwo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, azikho iinkampani ezininzi kwimarike, kwaye zisezandleni zabo.
Imidlalo, i-SaaS, iFintech, i-e-commerce, kunye namanye amashishini aziwayo zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu oluhamba phambili lotyalo-mali kuyo yonke le minyaka.
2. Fumanisa ukuba ngubani osele etyale imali
Ungawafumana amashishini apho abanye abasunguli abaziwayo bokuqalisa ngempumelelo baphinda bangene kwiimarike abazixhasayo. Ukuba uyathanda, unokujonga kwakhona ukuba zeziphi iitycoon zeshishini ezidumileyo ezityale kuzo.
Uninzi lwexesha, aba batyali-mali bengelosi banobuchule bokufumana iifemu eziya kuba nempumelelo enkulu kwixesha elizayo. Ukongeza, baneqela elipheleleyo labatyali-mali abaqhuba yonke inkuthalo efunekayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba utyalo-mali lwabo lusezandleni ezilungileyo.
3. Iinkampani ezisendleleni eya kuluntu
Iinkampani ezikufutshane ukuya kuluntu zisenokuba nenzuzo yokukhuphisana ngaphezulu kwexabiso lemiba yazo. Nangona kunjalo, le yenye yeenzuzo ezininzi. Uninzi lwala mashishini sele epapashe i-DRHP yawo ngaphambili.
Ezi rekhodi, ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziigrail ezingcwele, ziqulethe lonke ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nenkampani. Ukongeza, ziphathwa ngobuchwephesha kwaye zingabancedisi bamashishini adweliswe ngaphambili.
4. Utywala
Ubukho bemali yinto ebalulekileyo ngelixa ukhangela iinkampani ezingadweliswanga. Iinkampani zolwelo zihlala zinenani elikhulu labatyali-mali abanomdla kunye nenani elikhulu lokurhweba.
5. Utyalo-mali lwangaphambili lwe-IPO
Ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa izabelo zenkampani phambi kokuba unikezelo lukawonke-wonke lwenkampani (IPO) lwenzeke kwimarike yangaphambi kwe-IPO. Akukho tshintshiselwano yesitokhwe apho unokuthenga khona ezi zabelo kuba azithengiswa kwimarike evulekileyo.
Izabelo ezingadweliswanga zingathengwa ngokusebenzisa abalamleli kunye namaqonga akhethekileyo ekufumaneni nasekubekeni izabelo ezingadweliswanga kwiimarike. Ukongeza ekuthengeni izabelo kubatyali-mali abatsha abakhoyo nabanomdla, abalamleli kunye namaqonga nawo anikezela ngezicwangciso zokukhetha isitokhwe sabasebenzi (ESOP).
Imarike yangaphambi kwe-IPO ivulwe kutshanje kwaye ngoku ifikeleleka kuluntu jikelele. Kukho iimarike ze-intanethi apho abatyali-mali banokuthenga izabelo ezingadweliswanga kwiinkampani, kuquka i-Analah Capital, i-TradeUnlisted, kunye ne-Unlistedkart. Izabelo zala mashishini angadweliswanga zigcinwa kwiakhawunti yeDemat.
Ubuncinci bemali yolu tyalo-mali lunokuba phakathi kwe-Rs.25,000 kunye ne-Rs.50,000, ngokutsho kwe-Unlistedkart, kuxhomekeke kwisabelo esingadweliswanga. Amanye amaqonga otyalo-mali akakhange abhekisele kubuncinci bemfuno yotyalo-mali.
Zonke izabelo zangaphambi kwe-IPO zithintelwe kangangeenyanga ezintandathu emva komhla wokudweliswa, kwaye kulandelwa imigaqo yolawulo lwemarike yaseIndiya. Oku kubonisa ukuba awukwazi ukuthengisa izabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo phambi kokuba kudlule iinyanga ezintandathu emva komhla wokudweliswa.
Izibambiso zexesha elifutshane zizibambiso ezingadweliswanga ezithengiswa ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezingama-24. Iinzuzo zirhafiswa ngesantya serhafu esisebenza kuwe nakumvuzo womntu. Emva kwe-indexation, irhafu yerhafu kwiinzuzo zexesha elide, ukuba zithengiswa emva kweenyanga ze-24, ipesenti ze-20.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba izabelo ezingadweliswanga azinzanga kwaye azikho mthethweni, ngoko usenokungakwazi ukuzithengisa ngokukhawuleza. Kuba abadlali beziko baphambili kwimarike ye-IPO kwaye iintengiselwano zabo zithande ukucotha, ukuthengisa izabelo kunye nokufumana imali ngayo nayiphi na iyure yosuku kulucelomngeni.
Iingxaki zokuThenga iZabelo zeeNkampani ezingadweliswanga
Ukuthenga izabelo ezingadweliswanga akuyondlela iqinisekileyo eya empumelelweni. Yonke inkampani engadweliswanga ngoku ayifuni mfuneko yokuba ibe ngumvelisi wobutyebi.
Njengoko kukho ulwazi oluncinci olukhoyo, ukufumanisa ixabiso elifanelekileyo lezabelo zeenkampani ezingadweliswanga nako kunzima kakhulu. Kwakhona, ukuthenga izabelo kwinkampani engadweliswanga nako kunomngcipheko othile wendalo.
Nokuba uqhubeka nokuthengisa izabelo zamashishini anjalo, kunokuba nzima ukuba inkampani engafakwanga kuluhlu ayidweliswanga kungekudala. Ngamanye amazwi, kunokubakho imiba yemali yokuhlawula amatyala.
Izabelo zamashishini angarhwebi kwii-stock exchanges ezihloniphekileyo zitsalwa irhafu kwizinga eliphezulu, ukunciphisa imida yakho yenzuzo. Ngaphaya koko, ukugcina ezi zabelo kwiakhawunti yeDemat kukwanexabiso elaneleyo.
isiphelo
Ukuba ubukwimarike yemasheya kangangexesha elithile, kufuneka uqaphele ukubakho komngcipheko kwizinto ezinjalo. Nangona iimarike zentengiso zikhuselekile kwaye zingabandakanyi abaqhathi, inomzimba wayo olawulayo, i-SEBI.
Ukuthenga izabelo ezingadweliswanga kunokubangela umngcipheko kubatyali-mali nabarhwebi, njengoko bejongene nobuqhetseba obuninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zabelo azilawulwa yi-SEBI.
Ke, unokucinga oku ngeendlela ezimbini: Uthandana nale nkampani ingadweliswanga kwaye uyazi zonke izinto ezisisiseko, okanye unokukhetha ukutyala imali eninzi onokuthi ukwazi ukuyilahleka. Ndiyathemba ngoku uyayazi i-A ukuya ku-Z yokutyala imali kwizabelo zeenkampani ezingadweliswanga eIndiya.
Shiya iMpendulo