INational Pension System (NPS) siskimu esihle sokugcina irhafu kunye nokwakha ubutyebi obuninzi bomhlalaphantsi.
IMillennials ayilondolozi imali ngendlela yemveli, eneedipozithi ezisisigxina kunye neediphozithi eziphindaphindiweyo. Badla ngokujonga utyalo-mali olubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, njengemali yokonga irhafu.
Cinga nge-NPS njengeakhawunti yokugcina ngenkani. Nje ukuba uyifake imali yakho, itshixiwe de ube uneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, uhlobo oluhle.
Yiyo loo nto ingapholi njengezitokhwe okanye funds mutual, kodwa ingcono kakhulu kubatyali-mali abaphakathi.
Nazi iinzuzo ezi-6 zokuba ne-akhawunti ye-NPS.
Isiqinisekiso siyabuya xa udlala ngokukhuselekileyo
I-NPS iya kukunika imbuyekezo eqinisekisiweyo ukuba ukhetha ukungatyali mali ngokuhlaselayo kwiingxowa-mali ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu.
I-NPS ikuvumela ukuba ubeke imali yakho kubulungisa. Imali yakho yekophu kwabelwana ngayo phakathi kweendidi ezine zee-asethi eziziBond zikaRhulumente, ii-Equity stocks, amatyala eCorporate, kunye IiNgxowa-mali zoTyalo-mali ezizezinye.
Ukwenza kube lula kwabaqalayo, ulwabiwo lwe-NPS lunokhetho ezimbini:
- Ukhetho oluzenzekelayo
- Ukhetho olusebenzayo
Xa uqala i-akhawunti ye-NPS yokhetho oluzenzekelayo, unokhetho lotyalo-mali olulandelayo onokukhetha kuzo:
- Phakathi
- I-Conservative
- Iyaxaka
Ukukhetha utyalo-mali oluPhakathi luya kwahlula i-50% yegalelo lakho kwiingxowa-mali ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wokulingana. Njengoko iminyaka yakho isiya isiba mdala, ipesenti yeminikelo yakho eyabelwe iimarike zezabelo yehla.
Ukukhetha indlela yotyalo-mali ye-Conservative yinto endiyibiza ngokudlala ngokukhuselekileyo. Njengoko umntu ocinga ngokulondolozayo ebeya kwenza, yi-25% kuphela yeminikelo yakho eyabelwe iingxowa-mali zobulungisa. Nako oku kuye kwehle njengoko ukhula.
Indlela yotyalo-mali eqatha iza nowona mngcipheko mkhulu kunye nembuyekezo ephezulu. Le ndlela yenzelwe abantu abafezekise iinjongo zabo ezithile bajonge ukuphila njengenkosi nokuba sele bethathe umhlala-phantsi. I-Going Aggressive iya kwabela i-75% kwigalelo lakho kwi-equity market.
I-Active-choice ikuvumela ukuba uchaze ukuba ungathanda ukutyala malini kwicandelo ngalinye le-asethi. Unokukhetha ukuya kutsho kwi-30% kwi-equity, i-100% kwiiBond zikaRhulumente, kunye ne-100% kwiTyala leNkampani.
Ngokungakhethi ukutyala imali ethe chatha kwi-equity kunye nokwabela iimali zakho kwii-asethi zeTyala kunye neeBonds zikaRhulumente, unokuqinisekisa imbuyekezo efanelekileyo kwixesha elide. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, oko kuya kuba ngcono kune-FDs kunye neLiquid Mutual Funds.
ukhuseleko
Kukho amanqanaba amabini e-NPS:
- Inqanaba-I
- Inqanaba – II
Nawaphi na amagalelo kwiSigaba - I-akhawunti yam itshixiwe ubuncinane iminyaka emi-3 yomnikelo oqhubekayo. Le akhawunti yokwenyani yomhlalaphantsi, efana neRoth IRA e-US.
Nje ukuba ubeke nayiphi na imali kwi-akhawunti ye-Tier - I-NPS, ihlala apho de ube ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Akukho ndlela unokutsala ngayo ngaphezulu kwe-25% yemali kumbutho wakho womhlalaphantsi.
Olu hlobo lokonga ngenkani lusebenza kakhulu ngakumbi xa ungumntu onomkhuba ombi wokuchitha imali kwiakhawunti yokonga.
Imali yakho, ukuba ukhetha ukutyala ngendlela yeConservative ityalwe kwiiBonds zikaRhulumente kunye neTyala loShishino. Zombini ezi asethi zimbini zikhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye zikhuselekile ekufumaneni imbuyekezo engalunganga kwixesha elide.
Ngoku i-akhawunti ye-Tier-II ilulwelo. Unako ukufaka kwaye ukhuphe kangangoko ufuna, ngaphandle kwezithintelo.
Ekubeni iNqanaba – II lukhetho lotyalo-mali ngokuzithandela, isaphulelo seRhafu asisebenzi kwimali oyifake kuyo.
Ukhululekile ukukhetha kwaye utshintshe umphathi wengxowa-mali yakho okanye ipesenti yolwabiwo lwe-asethi kabini ngonyaka. Kuwo omabini amanqanaba.
Khumbula ukufaka nayiphi na imali eseleyo emva kwazo zonke iindleko ezifunekayo kwi-akhawunti ye-NPS. Awufuni nayiphi na imali kaxakeka kuyo kuba awuyi kukwazi ukufikelela kuzo xa uzifuna kakhulu.
IziBonelelo zeRhafu
NgeNqanaba – I-akhawunti ye-NPS, unokonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2,00,000 INR kwirhafu yengeniso yakho rhoqo ngonyaka-mali.
Ungabanga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,50,000 phantsi kwecandelo 80 CCD (1) kunye nokongeza i-50,000 kubabhalisi phantsi kwe80CCD (1B).
Xa ufikelela kwiminyaka engama-60 uvumelekile ukuba urhoxe ukuya kutsho kuma-60% ekonke yakho. I-40% eseleyo ibanjwa ukuze ufumane imali yomhlalaphantsi rhoqo ngenyanga.
Xa ukhupha iimali, i-retirement corpus (isixa-mali sakho sotyalo-mali sisonke) ayisayi kutsalwa rhafu iyonke. I-40% yesixa-mali sisonke esirhafiswa ngurhulumente phantsi koluhlu lwerhafu yengeniso yonyaka-mali.
I-60% eseleyo onokuyirhoxisa ayisayi kuhlawulelwa rhafu.
Kwaye yinzuzo enkulu yokutyala imali kwi-NPS. Ayikonga kuphela i-2,00,000 yerhafu yonyaka, uya kuba nentaphane yerhafu onokuyichitha kwiminyaka yakho yamashumi amathandathu. Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga naluphi na ulawulo lwerhafu.
Iinketho zoLwakhiwo
Masiphinde sijonge kuzo zombini, iCandelo – I kunye nenqanaba – II le-akhawunti ye-NPS.
Inqanaba – ndiyakunceda ukuba wakhe ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi ngokungakuvumeli ukuba utsale naziphi na iimali kwiminyaka eli-10 yokuqala. Ayikuvumeli ukuba urhoxise nayiphi na imali de ube ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-60 ngaphandle kokuba:
- Uceba ukuthenga ikhaya lakho lokuqala
- Yiba nesigulo esinzima
- Kufuneka imali kwizinto ezifana nemfundo ephakamileyo, umtshato wabantwana
I-corpus yakho kufuneka ilingane okanye ibe ngaphezu kwe-1,00,000 ukwenza ukurhoxiswa kwi-Tier - I-akhawunti. Kwaye kufuneka wenze ubuncinci be-6,000 INR rhoqo ngonyaka ukugcina i-akhawunti yakho ye-NPS isebenza.
Kukho umbane omncinci kakhulu kwiSigaba - mna kodwa okwangoku, unokurhoxisa imali xa uyifuna ngesizathu esikhethekileyo. Inkqubo yokurhoxisa ithatha ixesha, ngoko kuya kufuneka wenze isicwangciso esincinci kwangaphambili.
Oku kufanele kukukhumbuze ukuba ungatyala nayiphi na imali oceba ukuyisebenzisa kungekudala, njengakwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo.
Ngoku jonga kwiNqanaba - II, i-akhawunti ye-NPS yokuzithandela.
Inqanaba-II likuvumela ukuba ukhuphe imali eninzi oyifunayo. Kwaye kwakhona ukurhoxisa kangangoko ufuna, nanini na ufuna.
Akukho zithintelo kwiiakhawunti zeTier-II. Yimali engamanzi eninzi etyalwe kwiindidi ze-asethi ezifanayo njengeSigaba – I.
Kuphela nje awuzukufumana nayiphi na ipenshoni yenyanga kwiTier – II. Ke, ukuba isicwangciso sakho kukwakha ikhoposi yokufumana imali yomhlalaphantsi yenyanga ngeentsuku zakho zakudala, khetha iTier – I.
Ngeenjongo zexesha elifutshane, iTier-II yeyona ikhethiweyo.
Imbuyekezo ephezulu kunye nesiphumo esidibanisayo
Ngendlela yotyalo-mali e-Aggressive, ujonge umndilili ongentla kwaye mhlawumbi imbuyekezo ephezulu kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimarike.
Ngokutyala ngaphezulu kwe-75% yegalelo lakho kwiEquity fund, imbuyekezo inokuba ngaphezulu kwe-10%.
Ngokuqinisekileyo iphezulu kune-liquid Mutual funds kunye neDebt funds.
Olunye uncedo lokutyala imali rhoqo kwi-NPS kukudibanisa imbuyekezo yakho kutyalo-mali.
Uthathela ingqalelo ukuba uqala i-akhawunti ye-NPS xa uneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kwisithuba seminyaka engama-35, imirhumo yakho ye-1,000 ngenyanga iya kuba ngama-38,28,277 ukuba sithatha umndilili wenzala ye-10%.
Kwaye utyalo-mali lwakho lwexesha leminyaka engama-35 lilingana ne-4,20,000. Loo nto iphantse ibe yi-10X yotyalo-mali lwakho lokwenyani.
Kwimeko yam, bendinegalelo kwi-NPS yam ukusukela xa ndandineminyaka eyi-18. Oko kuthetha ukuba umnikelo wam we-1,000 (ndinikela ngaphezulu) nyanga zonke uya kuba ngama-70,57,183 kwinzala ye-10%.
Ke, unesizathu esibambekayo ngoku sokuba uqale kwangoko.
Akukho sithintelo soTyalo-mali kwiNqanaba lesi-2
Akukho sithintelo malunga nokuba ungatyala malini kwi-akhawunti ye-2 ye-NPS.
Inqanaba – II alinamda apho ungakwazi ukufaka enye imali.
Nokuba yeyiphi na imali oyishiyileyo emva kokwakha iimali zakho ezingxamisekileyo, ukuthenga isitokhwe, iintlawulo zokhuseleko kunye neendleko zinokufakwa kwiNPS iNqanaba – II.
Ungayikhupha lula le mali nangaliphi na ixesha. Tshintshela iskimu sotyalo-mali okanye utshintshele kwiNqanaba le-NPS – I-akhawunti ye-I. Unokuseta imiyalelo yokuma yeveki kwaye ubukele utyalo-mali lwakho lukhula kwi-autopilot.
Gcina ukhumbula, imali egciniweyo kunye nenzala efunyenwe kwi-akhawunti ye-Tier - II NPS irhafiswa.
Ngokuqinisekileyo zininzi izibonelelo zeakhawunti ye-NPS ekwenza ucinge ukuba unayo.
Cofa apha ukuze ubhalise i-akhawunti yakho ye-NPS.
Yindlela entle yokonga imali eyongezelelweyo kwaye ucwangcisele umhlalaphantsi wakho kunye nekamva apho uyazi ukuba uya kufuna imali ukuze uphile ubomi obudala obonwabisayo.
Akukho mibuzo? Sazise kwizimvo.
Shiya iMpendulo