Emva kothotho lwewebhu kunye neemuvi ezibonisa amabali obomi abatyali-zimali beshishini kunye nefilosofi yabo yotyalo-mali, utyalo-mali lwemarike yemasheya lube ngundabamlonyeni kwinqanaba lehlabathi.
Abantu baye bazi ukuba yintoni kanye imarike yemasheya, isebenza njani, kwaye yintoni onokuyenza ukuze ufumane inzuzo engcono kwimarike yemasheya.
Ngamafutshane, ndinokuthi abantu babeka umdla wabo kwi-stock market investment.
Kwaye, kunjalo, xa ndithetha ngayo imakethi yesitokhwe utyalo-mali, andikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ndicinge ngomtyali-mali oyintsomi uPeter Lynch. UPetros akaphumelelanga kuphela utyalo, kodwa ukwakhuthaze abatyali-zimali abaninzi ukuba bafunde kwifilosofi yakhe yokutyala imali.
Nazi izifundo ezisixhenxe zotyalo-mali ezivela kuPeter Lynch ezinokukunceda ube ngumtyali-mali ongcono.
1. Yonke into yokubuyela umva liThuba lokuPhumelela kwiMpumelelo:
Ukususela kumashumi eminyaka yamava kutyalo-mali lwemarike yemasheya, uPeter Lynch uhlala esithi, “Abantu abaphumelelayo kwimarike yemasheya nabo bamkela ilahleko ngamaxesha athile, ukusilela, kunye neziganeko ezingalindelekanga. Ukuwa kwentlekele akuboyiki ukuba baphume emdlalweni.”
Njengabanye abatyali-mali abaphumeleleyo, uPeter Lynch naye uphuma kudidi lokukholelwa kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide njengesitshixo sokufumana imbuyekezo ephezulu.
Kwaye xa kufikwa kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide, usoloko ecebisa abatyali-mali asebenza nabo ukuba banqumle unxibelelwano ngeenkxalabo kunye ne-capitulations, ezinokuthi zisebenze njengeemvakalelo ezikhokelela kwicala eliphantsi lomsebenzi wakho wotyalo-mali.
Kwimarike yemasheya, kukho amaxesha apho imarike ingqina ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo, okukhokelela abatyalo-mali "Ukuxhalabisa" iimvakalelo.
Kodwa ukuze ube ngumtyali-mali omkhulu, kuya kufuneka ufumane kwaye usebenzise loo nkxalabo ukuze ujike ukubuyisela umva ube lithuba lempumelelo, nakwixabiso lentengiso.
Olunye uvakalelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-“Capitulation” lubetha umtyali-mali xa edibana notyalo-mali lwakhe luwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kweemarike. Esalatha le mvakalelo, uPeter Lynch uthi uninzi lwabatyali-mali baziva benelunda ngokuba ngabatyali-mali bexesha elide de badibane nokusilela kwabo okuphakamileyo kwaye banyanzeleke ukuba babe ngabatyali-mali bexesha elifutshane.
Isifundo: Ukufumana imbuyekezo engcono, namathela kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide, kodwa ngophando olulungileyo nolubambekayo lokufumana inzuzo.
Musa ukoyika ukuhla kwemarike eyintlekele; yiba nomonde, themba uphando lwakho, kwaye ukonwabele isidlo sakho. Ungazihoyi ii-buzz ezifuna ithuku lakho.
2. Ungaze Ulandele Uqikelelo okanye Iingcebiso Ukuba AyiloPhando Lwakho Lolo:
UPeter Lynch uthi, kwimarike, abatyali-mali abaninzi bafuna izisombululo zenzuzo ekhawulezayo okanye iingcebiso zokuguqula utyalo-mali lwabo lube yinzuzo ngokusithela isibakala sokuba ngokufuthi ezi zibizwa ngokuba “zingcebiso ezishushu” zizisulu zokuwa.
Yiyo loo nto wathi, "Ungaze utyala imali kuyo nayiphi na ingcamango ongenakuyizekelisa ngekhrayoni." Apha, ikhrayoni ibhekisa kwithuku lakho lotyalo-mali kunye nokufunda. Waphinda wathi, “Yazi Into Onayo.”
Ngokuthetha le migca mibini, uPetros uzama ukubonisa, ngokutsho kwam, ukuba ufumana iingcebiso zotyalo-mali, zithathe, kodwa ungazisebenzisi ukuba awukwazi ukuchaza okanye ukwenza iprojekthi yenkampani umzuzu olandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokwenza naluphi na utyalo-mali, yenza uphando lwakho olunzulu malunga nenkampani, njengale:
- Yasekwa njani?
- Yeyiphi inkxaso-mali yokuqala eyaphakanyiswayo, kwaye yimalini kwinkxaso-mali eguqule utyalo-mali lwaba yi-asethi?
- Yayiyintoni okanye yintoni inzuzo yayo kwimarike?
- Ngoobani okhuphisana nabo?
- Kutheni abathengi kufuneka bayithembe le nkampani?
- Iza kuqhuba njani kwixa elizayo, njengoko ijongwa njengokusebenza kwayo ngoku?
Nje ukuba ufumene zonke ezi nkcukacha, kufuneka ujonge imingcipheko ebandakanyekayo kolu tyalo-mali lwenkampani, kwaye ukuba oko kuyenzeka, uya kulufumana njani utyalo-mali lwakho.
Isifundo: Njengomtyali-mali, kufuneka usebenze kwaye zonke iindlebe zazi ukuba ungatyala nini ngakumbi kwaye ulurhoxisa nini utyalo-mali lwakho ukunqanda ilahleko enkulu kwaye ukhusele indlela yakho yokulala esempilweni.
3. Kulungile Ukwenza Iimpazamo:
UPetros usoloko esithi, “Abaphumeleleyo bakho mababaleke, banqumle abo banilahleleyo. Kulula ukwenza impazamo wenze okwahlukileyo, ukuncothula iintyatyambo nokunkcenkceshela ukhula.”
Ngokuyithetha loo nto, uPeter uzama ukubonisa ukuba kwimarike yemasheya, ukwenza iimpazamo kuqhelekile, kodwa ungavumeli ukusilela kwakho konakalise uchulumanco lwakho lotyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, into onokuyenza kukuhlalutya utyalo-mali lwakho, dwelisa phantsi iinyani oziphosileyo ukuzigubungela, fumana iimpazamo, kwaye usebenzise uphando lwakho olutsha ukwenza utyalo-mali lwakho lube lungile kwaye wongeze iziphumo ezitsha kuluhlu lwakho lokukhangela ukuze ufumane impumelelo kutyalo-mali lwakho lwexesha elizayo.
ULynch watyala imali kwizitokhwe ezininzi ngexesha lohambo lwakhe lotyalo-mali, apho abanye bamnika inzuzo ephindwe kalishumi kunye nobuphakathi.
Ke, wenza isigqibo malunga nenzuzo ephindwe kalishumi kwaye wabiza ezo zitokhwe ngegama elithi "ten-bagger" ukuba ezo zitokhwe zezotyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwaye azinakuxoxisana ukuba zithengiswe de amandla azo asisiseko atshintshe kakhulu.
Isifundo: Kuya kufuneka ube nomonde malunga ne-bagger yakho elishumi okanye utyalo-mali lwesitokhwe oluqhuba kakuhle kwaye wonwabele isidlo esipheleleyo xa sifikelela ekuvuthweni.
4. Yiba Kwangethuba Kodwa UngaPhambili:
UPeter Lynch wakha wathi,
“Ndihlala ndicinga ngokutyala imali kwiinkampani ezikhulayo ngokwemidlalo yebaseball. Ukuba uthenga ngaphambi kokuba kubhengezwe uluhlu. Uthatha umngcipheko ngokungeyomfuneko.”
Ngale ngcinga, uPetros uzama ukuthetha ukuba utyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezikhulayo, okuthetha ukuqalisa ngamathuba angcono kwixesha elizayo, lutyalo-mali oluhle kunye nophando olufanelekileyo. Kodwa ukutyala imali kuzo zonke iziqalo ngethemba lokuzuza ngcono kwixa elizayo ngaphandle kokuhlalutya ii-asethi zabo kufana nokufaka isandla sakho emhadini wengonyama.
Unokuyiqonda le ngcinga ngokungenzi izigqibo kwangoko kuba ezinye iinkampani ziqala ukufumana amathuba amatsha ngobuninzi kwaye zifumana ingeniso engcono. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nomgangatho weenkonzo ozinzileyo okanye othoba isidima, banokuphulukana nodumo lwabo.
Ke, musa ukutyala imali kwiinkampani kwangoko, kodwa lindela ukuhlala kwazo emarikeni kwaye uthathe ithuba lokwenza isivumelwano sakho nazo phambi kokuba zinyuse amaxabiso azo.
Isifundo: Tyala imali kwiinkampani kumjikelo wabo wesibini okanye wesithathu wenkxaso-mali kuba sele bebonakalise amandla abo kwaye bafezekise izithembiso zabo kubatyali-mali. Kwaye, kwiinkampani ezidwelisiweyo, ndingacebisa ukuba ujonge ubuncinci iikota ezi-4 zesithuba se-IPO.
5. Ubuchule bokuyila kwiMpumelelo:
UPetros wayesoloko ethelekisa utyalo-mali lwe-stock market kubugcisa kunye nesayensi. Kwaye la yayingamazwi akhe achanekileyo, "Ukwenza imali kwimarike yemasheya yindibaniselwano yesayensi, ubugcisa kunye nomsebenzi wemilenze."
Kwakutheni ukuze athethe oku? Masiyiqonde intsingiselo yayo:
IiNkampani ezisisiseko kunye neempawu ezilukiweyo zinobudlelwane obuthe ngqo kunye nobudlelwane babo besizathu kunye nesiphumo. Ngamagama alula, nokuba isiganeko esinye kunye esincinci esibi kwinkampani sinokuchaphazela ngokugqithisileyo amaxabiso ayo esitokhwe.
Ke, ngokunxulumene nobugcisa kunye nesayensi, umntu utyala imali kwinkampani ngaphambi kokuba utyalo-mali lwenzeke. Uphando lufuna italente ukubuza umbuzo ochanekileyo kumntu ofanelekileyo ukuze ufumane impendulo ekufutshane, kukunceda wenze isigqibo, nokuba utyalomali okanye hayi.
Imibuzo inokuba:
- Kutheni le nto inkampani ijongene nemeko yemarike kwixesha elidlulileyo?
- Yintoni eyabangela oko ngaphambili?
- Bachacha njani?
- Ngaba akhona amathuba okuba le nkampani ijongane nengxaki efanayo?
- Ingaba le meko idlulileyo iyivula njani inkampani kwixesha elizayo?
Isifundo: Ukuba ungumtyali-mali onjengalo obuza imibuzo enjalo ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyalo-mali, zithathele ingqalelo ukuba ungumtyali-mali onobuchule nonobuchule.
6. Lixesha Eliphezulu:
UPetros akazange alandele igama elithi "ixesha lemarike", kodwa endaweni yoko, wathi, "Imali eninzi kakhulu ilahlekile ngabatyalo-mali abalungiselela ukulungiswa okanye ukuzama ukulindela izilungiso kunokuba belahlekile ekulungiseni ngokwabo."
Njengoko ubonile ngasentla, uPetros wayesoloko ecebisa ukuba aqhube utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kunye nezitokhwe ezisemgangathweni / eziphezulu eziphezulu, kodwa kunye nale nto, naye wathi angazibophelelanga ngonaphakade kunye naloo mpahla.
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba wenza iphuzu lokungahoxisi amasheya asemgangathweni ekuqaleni kodwa ukulinda ixesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza oko kunokuba unamathele ixesha elingaphezu kwexesha elifunekayo.
UPeter ukwagxininise ekugcineni iphepha lotyalo-mali kwaye aliphonononge rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa ukujonga:
- Kwakutheni ukuze uyithenge kwasekuqaleni?
- Yayiyintoni iziseko zayo?
- Baqhuba njani kunangaphambili?
- Luluphi utshintsho kwizinto zabo ezisisiseko?
- Ngaba likho ithemba lokubambelela kulo kangangexesha elingakumbi?
- Okanye ngaba ndiyirhoxise, ndifumane inzuzo, kwaye ndivale isahluko?
Ngokuhlalutya kunye nokuphendula le mibuzo, mhlawumbi unokuvula amathuba amatsha okuthenga isitokhwe esithe kratya xa utshintsho lwaso lutshintsha ukuba kukho amathuba okubuyisela, okanye uwathengisele omnye umntu ngexabiso eliphezulu kwaye ufumane inzuzo.
Isifundo: UPeter wayesoloko esebenzisa olu luhlu ukuze enze okuninzi kutyalo-mali lwakhe kwi-stock market, onokwenza okufanayo ngokufaka kuludwe lwakho lozaliso-mali.
7. Zifumane:
Ebona kwaye efumana amandla emarike yemasheya, uPeter wahlulahlula imarike ngokweelebhile ezintandathu:
- Abalimi abacothayo: Olu didi lweenkampani lukhulu, lukhulile, luzinzile, kwaye lufanelekile ukutyala imali kulo ukuba ujonge ingeniso ezinzileyo. Bahlawula phezulu izabelo kubatyali-mali ngomlinganiselo wonyaka wokunyuswa kwe-8-10%. Kodwa uPetros akazifumani zihlobene kutyalo-mali olukhulu.
- Stalwarts: Olu didi lweenkampani lunamathuba aphezulu okukhula, kunye namazinga anokubakho kwi-12-18% ngonyaka.
- Abalimi abakhawulezayo: Olu didi lweenkampani lunengeniso ngokwamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ke, unokuphanda iinkampani ezinjalo, wenze utyalo-mali, kwaye unamathele kuyo de kunikezelwe imbuyekezo elindelekileyo. umz. Rakesh Jhunjhunwala wafumanisa iTitan kolu didi; ixabiso layo lempahla yayiyi-3 INR kwi-2003, kwaye ngoku, ixabisa malunga ne-2491.85 - 2550 INR nganye.
- Umjikelo: UPeter Lynch ulithatha eli candelo njengelona lithenjiweyo kutyalo-mali, njengoko iinkampani zalo zisebenza kakhulu ngeemveliso zodidi oluphezulu kunye nentsingiselo yomjikelo. UPetros uthi bahlangabezana neenguqu ezininzi kwixesha elithile, oku kuthetha ukuba bangena kwimarike engafanelekanga, badibana nelahleko ephezulu, kwaye ukuba kwimarike efanelekileyo, bafumana inzuzo ephezulu. Ke, kuya kufuneka ufumane izitokhwe ezinjalo, utyale imali kuzo ngexesha lokuphumla, kwaye uzithengise ngokufumana ithuba elifanelekileyo. Iifemu zeemoto ziwela kolu didi.
- Iinguqu: Kwimarike yemasheya, uya kufumana iinkampani ezininzi ezineegrafu ezihlayo kwaye sele ziza kubhanga, kodwa kukho amaxesha apho iinkampani ezininzi zijike iitafile zabo kwingeniso ephezulu emva kokuhlangabezana nelahleko ephezulu. Ke, kubafaki-mngcipheko, iifemu ezinjalo zifanelekile ukutyala imali, ezibonelela ngembuyekezo ephezulu kunye nemingcipheko ephezulu.
- Imidlalo ye-Asethi: Ezi ndidi zeenkampani zinee-asethi ezininzi ezigqunywe amehlo yintengiso kwaye zingaxatyiswanga. Apha, ii-asethi zinokuba yimali, olunye utyalo-mali, izindlu ezithengiswayo, njl. Abatyali-mali abaninzi abazixabisi ezi asethi kunye neenkampani ngexesha labo lokuphumla. Izitokhwe zeenkampani ezinjalo zinokuhlelwa yimarike xa ii-asethi zazo zisebenza.
Isiphelo:
UPeter Lynch ubeka owona mzekelo mkhulu njengomtyali-mali. Nokuba usandula ukuqalisa uhambo lwakho lotyalo-mali okanye uphakathi kwalo, ukuphindaphinda ingcebiso yakhe kwingqondo yakho kunokukunceda ufumane imbuyekezo engcono.
Ngoko, zifunde kwakhona ukuba uziva ufanelekile ukuba uzifunde.
Ngaba uyathandabuza?
Sazise kwicandelo lezimvo. Ndingavuya ukuyicacisa.
Shiya iMpendulo