Yeyiphi iphothifoliyo egqibeleleyo yabantu abarholayo?
Ndibuzwa lo mbuzo ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye abantu, amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba kunjalo, bayasokola ukubamba impendulo endinayo. Kungoko, ndigqibe kwelokuba ndithathe eli thuba ukwabelana ngeengcinga zam ngesi sihloko ngokubonisa isakhelo sethiyori esilandelwa sisikhokelo esithile.
Nceda uxelelwe ukuba ayilongcebiso yezemali. Ulwakhiwo lwepotfoliyo kunye nezigqibo zokwabiwa zixhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zomtyali-zimali.
Ukuba ungumntu ohlawulwayo awukwazi ukucacisa indlela yokwakha kunye nokwabiwa kwenkunzi yakho yemali, eli nqaku liza kukubonelela ngesakhelo esinengqiqo ekufuneka uqalise. Ukufumana iingcebiso ezineenkcukacha, dibana nomcebisi wotyalo-mali.
Masihambe ke.
IPotfoliyo Yabantu Abahlawulwayo-Umiselo lweNjongo
Ukumisela iinjongo kubalulekile kulawulo lweepotfoliyo. Kufuneka siyazi injongo ipotifoliyo eza kujolisa ukuyifikelela. Esi sicwangciso senjongo sibonelela ngoku:
- umlinganiselo owaziwayo wembuyekezo;
- inqanaba lomngcipheko elaziwayo ekujoliswe kulo;
- ixesha elikhoyo
Kwilizwe lokwenyani, abatyali mali banokuba neenjongo ezininzi. Injongo nganye iya kuba negalelo kubuchule bepotfoliyo iyonke ukubanelisa. Umtyali-mali unokufundiswa ukubeka phambili iinjongo ukuba iphothifoliyo ayanelanga okanye okulindelekileyo kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukugcina izinto zilula, ngenjongo yeli nqaku, siya kwenza iingqikelelo ezithile. Zezi:
- Umtyali-mali unenjongo enye kuphela, oko kukuthi, ukugcina umgangatho wabo wokuphila de ube ngumhlala-phantsi ngokusekelwe kumvuzo wokugqibela othatyathiweyo olungelelaniselwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso;
- Ubudala bokungena emsebenzini yiminyaka engama-25 kwaye umhlala-phantsi xa umtyali-mali eneminyaka engama-60 ubudala;
- Isahlulo kunye neNgeniso esisigxina eyenziwa yipotfoliyo iphinda ityalwe.
Ipotfoliyo yaBantu abaHlawulelwa uMvuzo-Umbono woPhuhliso lweZakhono zoLuntu
Akukho ngxoxo ngolawulo lwepotfoliyo iya kugqitywa ngaphandle kokuba sijonga inkunzi yomtyali-mali iyonke. Le yimali eyinkunzi (ipotfoliyo) kunye amandla oluntu.
Yonke ingeniso yexesha elizayo evela kushishino okanye imivuzo efunyenwe namhlanje ichazwa njengenkunzi yabantu. Eli lixabiso langoku elithotyiweyo ngexabiso elicingelwayo. Amandla okusebenza kwabantu ngowona aphezulu ekuqaleni kobomi bokusebenza komntu kwaye asezantsi kufutshane okanye ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi.
Oosomashishini kunye nabantu abazisebenzelayo babonwa njengabantu abangabantu abamele ukulingana. Akuqinisekwanga ukuba nini & yimalini kwaye umntu ozisebenzelayo uya kwenza nini.
Utyalo-mali olulinganayo alufani kakhulu. Ingaba inkampani ibhengeza a isabelo okanye hayi kwaye kuya kuba yintoni ukuziphatha kwexabiso lesabelo alinakulinganiswa. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko uphezulu.
Ngokunjalo, kubantu abarholayo, kuthiwa inkunzi yabantu imele ngokusondeleyo umvuzo omiselweyo. Umntu orholayo ufumana umvuzo omiselweyo rhoqo ngenyanga.
Utyalo-mali lwengeniso ezinzileyo alufani kakhulu. Inzala ehlawulwa yinkampani kwiibhondi zayo kunye nemihla yazo inokulinganiswa. Ngenxa yoko, into yomngcipheko iphantsi.
Ke ngoko, koosomashishini kunye nabantu abaziqeshileyo abaneequity-like human capital, ulwabiwo lwepotfoliyo kufuneka luthambekele kumvuzo osisigxina. Ngokufanayo, kubantu abahlawulwayo abanomvuzo osisigxina njengenkunzi yoluntu, ulwabiwo lwepotfoliyo kufuneka lubhalwe ngokubhekiselele kwi-equity.
Ipotfoliyo Yabantu Abahlawulwayo-Eminye Imiba
Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimpawu zabasebenzi bebodwa kuya kuba lula kakhulu ukwenza izigqibo zokwabiwa kweepotfoliyo. Umntu umele azixabise ezinye izinto.
ishishini
Uninzi lwabasebenzi amashishini ajikelezayo njengeemveliso, iimoto, isamente, intsimbi, kunye nezinto zokwakha zisemngciphekweni ngakumbi kunabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo.
La mashishini aqhuba kakuhle xa inzala iphantsi, inkxaso-mali evela ezibhankini ifumaneka ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye noqoqosho luyakhula. Ukubuyisela umva ezi zinto, kwaye ufumanisa ukuba la mashishini ayasokola.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngenxa yobume bemijikelo yala mashishini, siqaphela ukuba izinga lokukhula kwemivuzo libonisa umahluko kunye nomvuzo onxulumene nomsebenzi. Ke ngoko, umntu akanakugqiba kwelokuba inkunzi yomntu oxeliweyo iyafana nengeniso emiselweyo.
Kunjalo ke kumntu oziqeshileyo onenkampani exuba amayeza okanye yezichumisi. Ukuthintela iminyhadala egqithileyo njengemfazwe, ubhubhane, kunye nendlala, imfuno yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo zala mashishini zihlala zingenasiphelo.
Izinto ezijikelezayo ezifana nenzala, umgaqo-mali, okanye izinga lokukhula azinampembelelo ephezulu kula mashishini. Ke ngoko, sinokugqiba kwelokuba inkunzi yomntu yosomashishini ayifani nokulingana.
ubudala
Ulwabiwo lwepotfoliyo kufuneka kwakhona luthathele ingqalelo iminyaka yomtyali-mali. Isabelo esiphakamileyo kwi-equity sikhethwa kumntu oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala oqala umsebenzi wakhe.
Ukuba imarike ijika ibe mbi, ixesha elide ixesha lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ivumela ilahleko yepotfoliyo yexesha elifutshane ukuba ibuyiswe.
Obu buchule buphezulu bokuthatha umngcipheko buyancipha njengeminyaka yomntu orholayo. Kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ulwabiwo lwe-equity kwipotfoliyo kufuneka lube ligcuntswana kwaye lungabikho kufutshane okanye xa kumhlala-phantsi.
Oku kungenxa yokuba xa umntu ethatha umhlala-phantsi okanye kufutshane naye, akanalo ixesha lokubuyisela ukuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane kwiimarike zezabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubeka umngcipheko wokushota kwepotfoliyo xa ethatha umhlala-phantsi.
Isimo sengqondo soMngcipheko
Njengabatyali-mali, kubalulekile ukuqonda isimo sengqondo somntu ngomngcipheko. Kwimeko yethu, amathuba okuba ipotifoliyo ingaphumeleli ukuphumeza injongo echaziweyo ngomda othile kuthiwa ngumngcipheko.
Abatyali-zimali kufuneka baqaphele iziphumo zokuthatha umngcipheko kwipotifoliyo yabo, iinjongo zotyalo-mali kunye nomgangatho wokuphila. Ukunyamezela umngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu okanye ophantsi kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo zepotfoliyo ezingeyomfuneko kwaye ekugqibeleni ipotifoliyo iqhube kakubi.
ukohlulwa
Njengabatyali-mali, kukwayimfuneko ukuthathela ingqalelo ukwahluka. Oku kube neempembelelo kuzo zombini ukhetho lweeklasi ze-asethi & nokukhetha kokhuseleko phakathi kodidi lwe-asethi.
Ngokwemveli, abatyali-mali baye bakhe iipotfoliyo ngokunikezela inkunzi phakathi kwe-equity kunye notyalo-mali lwengeniso esisigxina. Kubekho okuncinci kokungaqwalaselwanga utshalomali olunolunye, ezinokuthi zisebenze njengezixhasi zembuyekezo okanye izinciphisi zomngcipheko.
Le meko itshintshile kwaye ngoku sinobungqina obubambekayo bokuxhasa ukuba iipotfoliyo ezohlukeneyo zinokuvezwa kolunye utyalo-mali, olubandakanya:
- Izindlu ezithengiswayo (uthango lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokwahluka komngcipheko);
- Iingxowa-mali zeHedge (ukwandisa imbuyekezo & nokwahlukana komngcipheko);
- Izinto zorhwebo (iheji yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezinokubakho kwimbuyekezo eyandisiweyo kunye nomngcipheko owahlukeneyo);
- Izabelo zabucala (ukwandisa imbuyekezo & nomngcipheko owahlukeneyo);
- Ii-asethi zeDijithali (Ukwandisa imbuyekezo kunye nomngcipheko ohlukeneyo).
Oko kuthethiweyo, ulongamelo olulawulayo kunye nezithintelo zokungena zithintela ukufumaneka kwezi zithuthi zotyalo-mali kumndilili ohlawulwayo.
Ngokufanayo, ukucinga kwendabuko kwisitrato kukwachaza nokubamba izibambiso ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezishushu ngamaxesha athile. Oku kukhokelela kuqhelaniso lwexesha elifutshane ekusukeleni iinjongo zexesha elide kunye norhwebo olugqithisileyo.
Ezo zigqibo ziphantsi kufuneka ziphetshwe kwaye abantu abarholayo kufuneka bakhethe iindlela zotyalo-mali abangazenzisiyo ngokuchasene nezo zisebenzayo. Oku kungenxa yeendlela zotyalo-mali ezingenzi nto:
- Ukunikezela ngophando kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwiingcali;
- Yenza ukwahluka;
- Vumela umtyali-mali ukuba agxile emsebenzini wakhe nakusapho lwakhe.
IPotfoliyo eGqibeleleyo yaBantu abahlawulwayo
Ngoku sisebenzisa imvelaphi yethu ngokuphuhlisa ipotfoliyo yabantu abahlawulwayo ngokwesampulu. Ngokombono wam, le yindlela endifuna ukuzihambela ngayo izinto.
Ipotfoliyo Efanelekileyo kuMntu oMvuzwayo – Ubudala: 25 ukuya kwisi-3
Siyabona ukuba:
- Le yipotifoliyo ene-orientation yomngcipheko ophezulu ngenxa ye-horizon yexesha elide ekhoyo;
- Ubude bexesha elide busivumela ukuba sinikezele ngokungqongqo imali ebalulekileyo (85%) Ukukhula kweStokhwe Iimali, yorhwebo Imali & Cryptocurrency.
- Umbono kukwenza igalelo rhoqo kwipotfoliyo ngokulondoloza kunye nepotifoliyo yengeniso esisigxina ukwakha izikhundla ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ipotfoliyo Efanelekileyo kuMntu oMvuzwayo – Ubudala: 35 ukuya kwisi-44
Siyabona ukuba:
- ULingano kunye noRhwebo lunemali encinci eyabelwe zona;
- Ingeniso esisigxina inemali eninzi eyabelwe yona;
- I-Real estate ine-capital eyabelwe yona ngotyalo-mali kuyo amatyala otyalo mali okanye indawo ebonakalayo;
- Kwakhona, ingqwalasela apha kukudibanisa iinzuzo ukusuka kwixesha lokugqibela ukuya kwiinzame zokwahluka komngcipheko (i-45% yolwabiwo kwingeniso esisigxina, iimali zeMpahla yoRhwebo kunye ne-real estate) ngelixa kugcinwa isicwangciso esinzima sokukhula kwenkunzi kunye nolwabiwo oluphezulu (55%) kwi-stocks ukukhula kunye Cryptocurrency.
- Kwakhona, asizikhathazi ngokuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane njengoko i-horizon yethu yotyalo-mali ihlala ixesha elide.
Ipotfoliyo Efanelekileyo kuMntu oMvuzwayo – Ubudala: 45 ukuya kwisi-54
Siyabona ukuba:
- Kwiminyaka nje eli-15 okanye ngaphantsi eseleyo kwinjongo yethu yomhlalaphantsi, kubalulekile ngoku ukuba sithobe imiba esemngciphekweni omkhulu wepotfoliyo yethu;
- A ingxowa-mali yokulandelela isalathisi ithatha indawo yeNgxowa-mali yokuKhula ngolwabiwo oluncitshisiweyo lulonke;
- Umvuzo osisigxina kunye nezindlu nezindlu zinemali eninzi eyabelwe zona;
- Impahla kunye neCryptocurrency inemali encinci eyabelwe yona;
- Njengoko kunokucingelwa, ngeli nqanaba ipotifoliyo ayinabo ubunewunewu bokungahoyi ukuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane kwaye ixhalabele ukudibanisa iinzuzo, ukukhusela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso, kunye nokujolisa kwixabiso lemali eyinkunzi ngendlela engenabundlongondlongo.
Ipotfoliyo Efanelekileyo kuMntu oMvuzwayo – Ubudala: 55 ukuya kwisi-60
Siyabona ukuba:
- Njengoko kusondela umhlalaphantsi, kugxininiswa ngoku ngakumbi kugcino oluyintloko kunye nokuveliswa kwengeniso ukuze kwandiswe ixabiso lepotfoliyo iyonke ngendlela elinganisiweyo. Yiyo loo nto, i-90% yemali eyinkunzi yabelwa ingeniso esisigxina kunye ne-real estate.
- Olunye ulwabiwo lomngcipheko luhlala lukwilingano “lokukhaba” kwiinzame zokuqokelela inkunzi.
Umhlalaphantsi:
Ngomhlalaphantsi, akukho mfuneko yemizamo eyingozi.
Injongo yepotfoliyo ngoku kukuxhasa iindleko zakhe zokuphila ukuya kumhlalaphantsi. Ke ngoko, ipotifoliyo enobunzima obulinganayo iyakhiwa phakathi kweemali zomvuzo osisigxina kunye nezindlu.
isiphelo
Kunokulinganiswa kule ngxoxo ingentla ukuba akukho mpendulo inye kwipotfoliyo egqibeleleyo yabantu abarholayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi kwaye sinokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi njengesikhokelo sokwakha ipotfoliyo efanelekileyo yabantu abarholayo.
Yaziswa ukuba esi sisikhokelo nje, njengoko iimeko zehlabathi zokwenyani zinokuntsonkotha ngakumbi ngeenjongo ezininzi ezinokuthi zingalindi kude kube ngumhlala phantsi.
Ke ngoko, ndiyakukhuthaza ukuba ufune iingcebiso zobungcali malunga nezigqibo zakho zepotfoliyo.
Shiya iMpendulo