URay Dalio ungomnye wabatyali-mali abanetalente kwihlabathi kunye nomseki weyona ngxowa-mali iphumelele kakhulu yeheji-Bridgewater Associates.
Ukusukela kwisiseko kude kube ngoMatshi ka-2021, iBridgewater Associates yayine-140 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwii-asethi eziphantsi kolawulo. Ngokutsho kwe Inqaku leForbes, Ixabiso likaRay Dalio libalwa malunga ne-20 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
URay wenze iibhiliyoni zakhe ngokufunda kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nokwenza utyalo-mali olusekelwe kwiziphumo zakhe. Kulo lonke uhambo lwakhe njengomtyali-mali, uRay Dalio wayekholelwa kwaye usakholelwa ekufumaneni inzuzo kwizitokhwe ezibizayo ukuze aphinde atyale imali kunokusebenzisa indlela yokuthenga nokubamba.
Iifilosofi zotyalo-mali zikaRay Dalio zilula ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa into enokubonakala ilula kakhulu ekuqaleni yindlela entsonkothileyo kunokuba unokucinga.
Unokufumana okungakumbi malunga neenkolelo zakhe malunga notyalo-mali lwe-stock market kwiincwadi zakhe, Principles (2017) Imigaqo yokujongana nokutshintsha kocwangco lwehlabathi (2021), kwaye Imigaqo yokuHamba kwiingxaki zeTyala ezinkulu (2018).
Kwezi ncwadi, ukhankanye amava akhe otyalo-mali kwi-stock market, iimpazamo zakhe, indlela awadlula ngayo iimpazamo zakhe, kunye nezifundo ezibalulekileyo zokuba ngumtyali-mali olungileyo.
Ndiyazi ukuba uze apha ukuze ufumane iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo zokuba ngumtyali-mali ongcono; musa ukuba nexhala! Ndikugqumile.
Ndizifundile ezi ncwadi zibhalwe nguRay Dalio kwaye ndaqokelela ezinye zezifundo zakhe ezinomdla zotyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya ekufuneka uyazi.
Ke, masingene kwihlabathi lotyalo-mali njengoko kucetyisiwe nguRay Dalio.
1. Imigaqo Imiba
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi-Principles, uRay ukhankanye ukuthembela kwimigaqo eyamnceda ukuba athwale umsebenzi womtyali-mali onempumelelo ngokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. URay wakha wathi,
Ngaphandle kwemigaqo, ubuya kunyanzelwa ukuba usabele kwiimeko ezikufikelayo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela eyona nto uyixabisa kakhulu nendlela yokwenza ukhetho ukuze ufumane oko ukufunayo. Oku kuya kukuthintela ukuba ungabusebenzisi ngokupheleleyo ubomi bakho.”
Ukuba unemigaqo, iya kukukhokela kwizenzo zakho. Zenzelwe ukunciphisa ubungakanani bokwenziwa kwezigqibo ekufuneka zenziwe phakathi kwesiphithiphithi ukuze izigqibo zenziwe ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Imigaqo yenzelwe ukukunceda wenze ezona zigqibo zihle kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Akukho ndlela yokuphepha iimpazamo kutyalo-mali, kodwa ukuba nemigaqo emihle kunokukunceda ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuqina.
URay Dalio uzama ukuthi ngokudlulisa iingcinga ezinjalo, kuhambo lwakho njengotyalo-mali, kufuneka uhlale -
- Chaza iimfuno zakho
- Fumana iimpahla zakho ezifanelekileyo okanye izitokhwe oza kutyala kuzo ngokunyaniseka kwiimfuno zakho
- Cwangcisa isicwangciso sotyalo-mali ukuze ufumane imbuyekezo ecingelwayo
- Hlala uzimisele kwisicwangciso sakho sotyalo-mali kwaye wonwabele impumelelo yakho kunye nobomi botyalo-mali obutyebileyo.
2. Yenza Uphando Lwakho
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uRay wenza umkhwa wokukhupha amaphephancwadi amaninzi ethetha kwaye ebonisa iziphumo zonyaka zokuphumelela kweenkampani zethamsanqa kunye neegrafu zokuwa. Emva kokwenza uqokelelo lwedatha yakhe malunga neenkampani, wayedla ngokufumana izitokhwe ukuze atyale imali kwaye enze isicwangciso sakhe esikhethekileyo, sotyalo-mali lomntu ngamnye.
Isimo sakhe sengqondo sokwenza izifundo zakhe ukuze afumane impumelelo sibangele ulawulo olukhulu kwi-Bridgewater Associates.
URay Dalio ukhe wathi,
"Ukwenza imali kwiimarike, kufuneka ucinge ngokuzimeleyo kwaye uthobeke"
Akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi yonke into ngayo nantoni na, kodwa akunakwenzeka ngakumbi ukwazi yonke into malunga nento entsonkothileyo kunye nesiphithiphithi njengenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi. Ngoko ke kufuneka uzenzele eyakho ingqondo ngezinto, nto leyo ethetha ukuba awunakuvele uthembele koko abanye abantu bakuxelela kona. Kufuneka uzicingele.
Ke, njengoRay Dalio, musa ukuwela kulo naluphi na uphando lomnye umntu ngaphandle kokwenza olwakho ukufumana impumelelo yakho eyodwa.
3. Yiba kwiNkampani kunye nabantu onokuthi ufunde kubo into entsha
Kuhambo lwakhe lokuqala lomtyali-mali, uRay Dalio wayesoloko elungiselela kwaye ebuza imibuzo kubatyali-zimali awayeyibona ilungile kwimisebenzi yabo. Wayejonge indlela abatyali-mali ababecinga ngayo ngekamva loqoqosho kunye neemarike, njengokuba esenza ngoku.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nkqubo wayiphuhlisa yaba yindlela elungeleleneyo yokucinga ngehlabathi yaye ziziphi iziganeko ekunokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke kulo ngokwenza uthotho lwemigaqo eyayiya kumnceda enze oku.
Le ndlela yokucinga ngehlabathi yakhokelela kwimpumelelo yakhe yokuqala yotyalo-mali xa wayeqikelele kwaye etyale imali kwimekobume ye-stagflation eyaqala ngo-1968.
"Khangela abantu abanemibuzo emininzi emihle. Abantu abahlakaniphileyo ngabo babuza imibuzo ecingisisiweyo, ngokuchaseneyo ukucinga ukuba banazo zonke iimpendulo. Imibuzo emikhulu luphawu olungcono kakhulu lwempumelelo yexesha elizayo kuneempendulo ezinkulu."
UDalio akazange adale uluhlu lwemisebenzi, oko kuthetha ukuba nokuba umchebi weenwele, umpheki, okanye inkokeli yendawo yokuhlala inokuba ngumtyali-mali olungileyo. Wayekholelwa kwingqiqo ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Wasebenzisa inkqubo yakhe yokuqiqa ukuze afumane indlela efanelekileyo yokuphanda isitokhwe, athathe ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwaye enze inzuzo ephezulu.
Ke, xa ubona nawuphi na umtyali-mali esenza umsebenzi wakhe kakuhle, soloko umbuza imibuzo ethile, enokukunceda uphucule iindlela zakho zotyalo-mali kwaye ikuncede ufumane inzuzo engcono.
4. Hlalutya ukuze ufumane iMpumelelo yekamva
Ayifani nabo bonke abatyali-mali abaphumeleleyo bahlala befumana impumelelo kutyalo-mali lwabo.
Hayi, ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo! Kodwa babenezinga eliphezulu lokuchaneka ekucingeni ukukhula kwenkampani abatyale kuyo. Benza iimpazamo kwixesha labo elidlulileyo, kodwa bahlala bevame ukuhlalutya iimpazamo zabo kwaye bafunde ukungaziphindi. Kwaye uRay uhlala exhasa inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo ngokuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo.
URay, ngoxa wayesesesikolweni, wafunda ukukwamkela ukungaphumeleli kwakhe ngenxa yeempazamo zakhe okanye zabanye. Wayesoloko ethatha ukungaphumeleli njengendlela efanelekileyo yokulungisa iimpazamo kwaye asebenze ngakumbi ekuqikeleleni impumelelo yotyalo-mali.
Esinye sezitshixo ezinkulu zokwandisa amandla kukufumana ukhululekile kunye nokusilela. Abantu abaninzi bayoyika kakhulu ukusilela kuba befuna ukuphepha ukujonga kakubi okanye ukuziva beneentloni. Kodwa ukuba unako ukunqoba olo loyiko, ngoko unokufunda ngokukhawuleza, uphucule ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhambe ngaphaya kwemida yakho yangoku.
Ke, hlala wamkela ubuthathaka bakho, uhlalutye, ufunde kubo, kwaye ube nempumelelo ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo lokufumana impumelelo. Ungaze ube neentloni ngeempazamo kuba iimpazamo zidlala indima esebenzayo ekwenzeni iPRO yakho kuhambo lwakho lotyalo-mali.
5. Yenza iPotfoliyo yakho yoTyalo-mali igcwele iyantlukwano
Ngokuhlalutya indlela yotyalo-mali kaRay, ndiye ndacinga ukuba wayekholelwa ekufumaneni amathuba otyalo-mali kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kunokujolisa kuhlobo oluthile lwequmrhu. KwaseBridgewater Associates, ukwazile ukwakha ipotifoliyo eyohlukeneyo enolwabiwo lwempahla exutyiweyo.
“Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuba nayo ngumxube ofanelekileyo wokwabiwa kwe-asethi. Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa ngumtyali-mali kukuba nepotifoliyo elungeleleneyo, eyakhiweyo - ipotifoliyo eyenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ee andazi ukuba siza kuphumelela. Kufuneka sibe nokubheja okuhlukeneyo. "
Umbono osisiseko wepotfoliyo yotyalo-mali eyohlukeneyo kukunciphisa umngcipheko. Njani? Ngotyalo-mali kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali, uyakwazi ukunciphisa imingcipheko yakho yokuphulukana nemali kuhlobo olunye lotyalo-mali ngaphandle kokunciphisa imbuyekezo yakho iyonke.
Unganyusa izinga ofumana ngalo imali ngokongeza iintlobo ezintsha nezahlukileyo zotyalo-mali kwipotifoliyo yakho. Unokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani okanye amanye amaqumrhu otyala imali kuwo asebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye asebenzise imifuziselo yokusebenza eyahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba ishishini elinye, elinjengeshishini leemoto, liphantsi kwamaxesha anzima kwezoqoqosho, uya kuba nolunye utyalo-mali olungachatshazelwa luqoqosho oluhlwempuzekileyo.
Iphothifoliyo eyohlukeneyo ayifanele iquke izitokhwe zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kunye neebhondi kunye funds mutual. Ungafuna ukongeza izindlu ezithengiswayo kwipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali ukuba unenkunzi yokwenza oko. I-real estate yi-asethi ebonakalayo enokuhlala ithengiswa ngemali kwaye inokuqeshwa ngelixa ubambelele kuyo ukuze uvelise ingeniso.
Iimeko zakho zobuqu ziya kuyalela ukuba iphothifoliyo eyahlukileyo ijongeka njani kuwe. Okukhona unemali eninzi yotyalo-mali, kokukhona uya kuba neendlela ezininzi zokusasaza umngcipheko wakho.
Ngoko ke, ngelixa utyalo-mali kwii-stocks, soloko uqinisekisa ukuba izitokhwe zakho zilinganiswe kakuhle kwaye zakhiwe ngokwemiqathango yoshishino. Le potfoliyo iya kukunceda ufumane inzuzo kwiziko elinye ukuba elinye icandelo lihlangabezana nelahleko.
6. Tyala imali kwiiNdawo zakho ezinomdla
URay uhlala esithi,
"Umngcipheko ukhula ngenxa yokungazi ukuba ubandakanyeka ntoni."
Utyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya lufuna uphononongo olunzulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umdla wakho wokwazi ngohlobo oluthile uyimfuneko. Ukuba awunamdla kwisitokhwe esithile, awuzukwazi ukuya nzulu malunga nenkampani njengoko uyifumana ikruqula okanye ingumthwalo, ngoko ke fumana inkampani enokuba nomdla kuwe.
Warren Buffett, oyena mtyali-mali mkhulu wamaxesha onke, ukwakhuthaza ukutyala imali kwizinto oziqondayo. Oku kusekelwe kwithiyori yokuba ukuba awuyiqondi, awukwazi ukuyixela kwangaphambili, kwaye ukuba awukwazi ukuyixela kwangaphambili, awukwazi ukuba ingabalulekanga.
7. Ungaze ube ngumenzi wezigqibo osebenzayo
Kwimarike yemasheya, akukho nto iqinisekileyo - kukho iintsuku apho inkampani ifumana igrafu eqhubekayo kunye nokuhla. Ke, xa inkampani iqhuba kakuhle ngesiquphe idibana nokuwa - musa ukuphinda uthabathe utyalo-mali lwakho ngokuthengisa isitokhwe ngeyona nzuzo iphambili, kodwa luthembe uphando lwakho, namathela kulo, kwaye ufumane ingeniso yakho.
URay Dalio ukhe wathi,
Ungayinxulumanisa le meko kwimeko yangoku yemfazwe yaseRussia-Ukraine xa imakethi yehlabathi yawa. Abatyalo-mali abaninzi basebenzise inzuzo yokuthenga amasheya kwiinkampani ezilungileyo kumaxabiso aphantsi, kwaye abanye balila iinyembezi njengoko bathengisa izitokhwe zabo ngelahleko.
Ke, kwiimeko ezinjalo, hlala uluhlobo lokuqala lomtyali-mali ukufumana amathuba nakwintengiso kunye nophando lwakho oluqinileyo lokufumana inzuzo ephezulu kwixesha elizayo.
8. Yonke into Inomhla wayo wokuphelelwa
Abatyali-zimali abaninzi benza iimpazamo ngokuqwalasela isiganeko esinye esibi njengesiphumo sobomi bonke.
URay Dalio akakholelwa kwiinkolelo ezinjalo; uthi – akukho nto ihlala ngonaphakade, akukho mpumelelo okanye ukuwa. Ukuba uqinisekile ngophando lwakho kunye nokuqiqa, uya kufumana impumelelo, kodwa ukuthandabuza kwakho kuphando lwakho kunokukwenza udibane nokuwa kwakho.
Kwakhona, izitokhwe ezisetyenziselwa ukunika inzuzo ephezulu kwixesha elidlulileyo zingenakukunika imbuyekezo efanayo kwixesha elizayo.
“Kurhwebo kufuneka uzikhusele kwaye ube ndlongondlongo ngaxeshanye. Ukuba awukho ndlongondlongo, awuzukwenza mali, kwaye ukuba awuzikhuseli, awuzukuyigcina imali.”
URay ufuna wazi ukuba xa utyala imali kwisitokhwe, qiniseka ukuba ujonga inkqubela yenkampani rhoqo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba inkampani ihambela phambili kwishedyuli, uya kwazi ukuba uphando lwakho luchanekile. Kodwa ukuba inkampani ifumana iingxaki, unokuthatha utyalo-mali lwakho kwenye indawo. Iliso elibukhali kwiinkalo zakho zotyalo-mali lingundoqo ukuze ube ngumtyali-mali onempumelelo.
Ukuqulunqa
Ke, kuhambo lotyalo-mali lukaRay Dalio, nazi izinto ozithathayo eziphambili:
- Chaza imigaqo, yilandele kude kube sekupheleni, kwaye ungaze woyiswe luphando olunomdla olungelulo olwakho.
- Funda kwiimpazamo zakho ukwenza utyalo-mali olufanelekileyo.
- Ungaze ukhethe indlela emnandi, kodwa indlela enezinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo, kodwa ekholisayo kwaye enenzuzo.
- Fumana izinto onomdla kuzo kwaye wenze ii-asethi zakho.
- Hlalutya, kwaye ufunde kwiimpazamo zakho. Kulungile ukwenza iimpazamo, ukufumana impumelelo.
- Ungaze uleqe ukwenza izigqibo ngexesha lengxaki, ngakumbi kwimarike yemasheya.
- Khumbula, impumelelo kunye nokuwa kwakho kokwexeshana.
Ndincoma ukuba uphinde ezi zifundo zotyalo-mali ezivela kuRay Dalio kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla kwaye ube ngumtyali-mali ophumeleleyo kwimarike yemasheya.
Ndiyakholelwa ekwabelaneni ngolwazi uluntu kufuneka lukwazi malunga notyalo-mali lwe-stock market. Ukuba unawo nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga nefilosofi yotyalo-mali kaRay Dalio, zive ukhululekile ukubuza, ndingavuya ukucacisa amathandabuzo akho kwaye ndikuncede wakhe umsebenzi wakho wotyalo-mali.
Utyalo-mali olonwabileyo!
Shiya iMpendulo