Yasungulwa okokuqala ngo-1900 e-US, namhlanje amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala abe yenye yezona ndlela zidumileyo zokuhlawula kubantu abaninzi.
Ngokunyuka komgangatho ophakathi, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala kwiminyaka edlulileyo aye akhuthaza abantu ukuba bachithe imali, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imiphumo yayo.
Oku kunjalo ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo apho amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala aye ethandwa ngakumbi njengoko abakumgangatho ophakathi bevela benenkcitho ephezulu.
Ngokomzekelo, eIndiya, babezizigidi ezingama-20 kuphela abasebenzisi bekhadi letyala ngo-2010, enyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-78 yezigidi ngo-2022. Nangona kunjalo, oku kubangele i-spike eyingozi kwityala lekhadi letyala. Ngo-2022, ityala eliseleyo eIndiya lalimalunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-22 zeedola.
Esi sikhokelo siya kuhlalutya oonobangela bendalo bokunyuka kwamatyala kwaye sijonge izisombululo zokusombulula lo mngeni.
Kutheni Iphathelele?
Ukunyuka kwenkcitho yekhadi letyala akuhambelani nokunyuka kwetyala leshishini. Endaweni yoko ukuboleka ishishini akuhambelani nekhredithi yobuqu ukukhula, echasene nesiqhelo kuqoqosho olukhulayo.
Kwangaxeshanye, inkcitho yekhadi ledebhithi, eqaqambisa ukukhula kokuthambekela kwenkcitho yabathengi, nayo iyehla.
Oku kubonisa ukuba amakhaya aseIndiya aguqukela ekubeni netyala elikhulu, nto leyo ephakamisa amathandabuzo malunga nokusebenza kwenkcitho yekhadi letyala elizweni.
Kodwa kutheni ityala lekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala ligqalwa libi?
Amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala athathwa njengetyala elibi ngenxa yenzala ephezulu, kwaye imali isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa, hayi utyalo-mali, oku kuthetha ukuba ayidali naziphi na izinto ezintsha ekwenziwa ngazo imali.
Imiba eKhokelele ekunyukeni kweTyala leKhadi leTyala
Ziliqela izinto ezikhokelele ekunyukeni kwamatyala ekhadi letyala eIndiya. Makhe sijonge nganye nganye:
Ukukhula koQoqosho kunye nokuNyuka kwamaNqanaba oMvuzo
I-Indiya ifumene ukukhula okubonakalayo koqoqosho kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, okukhokelele ekonyukeni kwengeniso enokulahlwa kunye nenkcitho yabathengi.
Njengoko uqoqosho lukhula, abantu ngabanye banamandla angakumbi okuthenga kunye namandla aphezulu okuboleka.
Oku kukhula kube negalelo ekwandeni kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi kwaye kwandise ukufumaneka kwamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, nto leyo ekhokelele ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala.
Ukunqongophala kolwazi lwezezimali:
Abathengi abaninzi baseIndiya ababuqondi umngcipheko kwaye basenokungayiqondi ngokupheleleyo imigaqo nemiqathango, inzala, okanye izibophelelo zentlawulo ezinxulumene namakhadi okuthenga ngetyala.
Basenokungazazi nezohlwayo ezibizwa ngokuhlawulwa kade. Ngenxa yoko, badla ngokuchitha imali eninzi baze baqokelele amatyala anenzala eninzi.
Ukonyuka koMthengi kunye nenkcitho engxamisekileyo:
Inkcubeko yabathengi baseIndiya ibone utshintsho oluya kwinkcitho eyongeziweyo kwiimveliso zendlela yokuphila, izinto zombane, ukuhamba kunye nokutya ngaphandle.
Ngaphezu koko, izibhengezo zentengiso, uxinzelelo lwasekuhlaleni, nomnqweno wokuhambisana nezinto ezithandwayo ziye zabangela ukuba umntu athenge ngokungxama.
Oku kuziphatha kunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokuthembela kumakhadi okuthenga ngetyala ekuthengeni imali, okukhokelela kwityala eliphezulu lekhadi letyala.
Ukufikelela ngokulula kwityala:
Amaziko emali neenkampani zamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala ziye zenza kwalula ngabantu ngabanye ukufumana amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala. Kwezinye iimeko, abafuni nokujonga ngetyala.
Oku kwenza kube lula kubathengi ukuba bangene ematyaleni, nokuba abanakukwazi ukuwahlawula.
Ngaphezu koko, amaqhinga okuthengisa aqatha, iinkqubo ezinomtsalane zokuwonga, kunye nezibonelelo ezivunywe kwangaphambili ziye zakhuthaza abantu ukuba bafake izicelo zamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokupheleleyo uxanduva olunxulumeneyo kunye nomthwalo wamatyala anokubakho.
Inzala ePhezulu kunye neMirhumo:
Amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala adla ngokuza nenzala ephezulu, ngakumbi kwityala elijikelezayo. Umyinge wenzala kumakhadi etyala eIndiya ujikeleze i-20%.
Oku kuphezulu kakhulu kunenzala kwezinye iintlobo zeemali-mboleko, ezinje ngemali-mboleko yemoto kunye nemali-mboleko yezindlu. Ukongeza koko, iintlawulo zokuhlawula emva kwexesha, iimali zonyaka, kunye nezinye iintlawulo zinokuqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela kubuninzi betyala ukuba alilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengi banokuphela behlawula imali eninzi ngenzala ukuba abalibuyiseli kwangethuba ityala labo lekhadi letyala.
Impembelelo yeTyala leKhadi leTyala kuMakhaya aseIndiya
Uxinzelelo lwezemali kunye nomthwalo:
Ukunyuka kwamatyala ekhadi letyala eIndiya kukhokelele kuxinzelelo lwezemali kunye nomthwalo kubantu. Ibhalansi ephezulu engekahlawulwa yekhadi letyala, idityaniswa nenzala ephezulu kunye nemirhumo, inokudala umthwalo omkhulu wemali kubanini makhadi.
Lo mthwalo unokukhokelela kubunzima ekuhlangabezaneni nezibophelelo zentlawulo zenyanga, ezikhokelela kwimpembelelo embi kwintlalontle yezemali kunye nokwanda kwamathuba olwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kubonakala kwinto yokuba ngeenxa zonke 12.7% yabasebenzisi bekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala ukusilela kumatyala abo.
Impembelelo embi kwiNqaku leTyala:
Ityala lekhadi letyala elingalawulekiyo linokuba nempembelelo embi kumanqaku omntu ngamnye.
Ukuhlawulwa emva kwexesha, ukusilela, okanye umlinganiselo ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwetyala kunokukhokelela ekwehleni kwamanqaku etyala, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba abantu bafikelele kwityala kwixesha elizayo, kuquka iimali-mboleko kunye nokubambisa, kwaye kunokubangela inzala ephezulu.
Ngokwe-Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL), amanqaku ekhredithi angaphantsi kwama-750 athathwa njengamanqaku angawona afanelekileyo kwaye anokunciphisa isakhono somntu sokufikelela kwikhredithi.
Isithintelo kuLondolozo kunye noTyalo-mali:
Abantu abasindwa ngamatyala ekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala basenokuba nzima ukubekela bucala imali yenkxaso-mali yexesha likaxakeka, imali yokonga yomhlala-phantsi, okanye amanye amathuba otyalo-mali.
Imithombo yemali ebinokwabelwa ukonga notyalo-mali endaweni yoko isetyenziselwa ukuhlawula ityala lekhadi letyala.
Impembelelo yezengqondo nezentlalo:
Uxinezeleko lwemali oluzingisileyo, ukuxhalaba, kunye nokuziva usonganyelwe lityala kunokuyichaphazela kakubi impilo yengqondo.
Ngaphezu koko, abantu abasuka kumakhaya anemivuzo ephantsi okanye abo bangenamali kangako bachatshazelwa ngokungafanelekanga lityala lekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala.
Ngenxa yoko, umthwalo wetyala elinenzala ephezulu kunye nomthamo onyiniweyo wokuhlawula unokwandisa iiyantlukwano kwezentlalo noqoqosho kwaye kwandise ukungalingani kwemivuzo.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe iNgxaki yeTyala leKhadi leKhredithi?
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Yenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali
Ukudala uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali sisiseko solawulo lwemali olusebenzayo. Kubandakanya ukulandelela ingeniso kunye neendleko zokufumana ukuqonda ngokucacileyo apho imali ichithwa khona kunye nendlela enokwenziwa ngayo.
Landela ingeniso kunye neendleko: Qala ngokurekhoda yonke imithombo yengeniso kwaye uhlele iindleko. Oku kunokwenziwa ngesandla okanye ngokusebenzisa ii-apps zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye i-spreadsheets.
Chonga iindawo zokusebenzela: Hlalutya iipatheni zenkcitho uze uchonge iindawo apho iindleko zinokuncitshiswa. Oku kunokuquka ukunciphisa inkcitho enokuvela, njengokutya okanye ukuzonwabisa, okanye ukonga kwiindleko eziqhelekileyo ezifana negrosari okanye izinto eziluncedo.
Beka phambili ukuhlawula amatyala: Yabela inxalenye ethile yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwintlawulo yetyala letyala. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izibophelelo zetyala zihlangatyezwa ngexesha kwaye zithintela ukuqokelelwa kweentlawulo eziphezulu kunye nezohlwayo.
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Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweKhadi leTyala
Ukunciphisa ukuthembela kumakhadi okuthenga ngetyala ngundoqo ekuphepheni ukuba netyala eligqithisileyo. Ezi zicwangciso zilandelayo zinokukunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhadi letyala:
Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhadi letyala: Gcina ukusetyenziswa kwekhadi letyala xa ufuna ukuthenga okuyimfuneko kunye nongxamiseko. Ngokusebenzisa ikheshi okanye amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala kwintengiselwano yemihla ngemihla, unokuwaphepha amatyala angeyomfuneko kwaye ukhuthaze imikhwa ethembekileyo yokuchitha.
Sebenzisa ikhadi ledebhithi okanye imali: Yenza umzamo oqinisekileyo wokuhlawula ngemali efumaneka ngokulula kwikhadi lebhanki okanye ngemali. Oku kukhuthaza ukuziphatha kakuhle kwezemali kwaye kunciphisa isilingo sokuthembela kumakhadi okuthenga ngetyala xa uthenga.
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Hlawula Ngaphezulu koBuncinci
Ukuhlawula kuphela eyona mali incinane ekufuneka ihlawulwe kumakhadi okuthenga ngetyala kunokukhokelela kwityala lexesha elide nokwanda kweentlawulo zenzala.
Hlawula ngaphezulu kobuncinci: Nanini na kunokwenzeka, jolise ekuhlawuleni imali engaphezulu kweyona mali isezantsi efunekayo nyanga nganye. Ngokuhlawula ngaphezulu, ngokulula unokunciphisa ibhalansi enqununu ngokukhawuleza kwaye unciphise inzala ehlawuliswayo.
Libeke phambili ityala elinenzala ephezulu: Ukuba uphethe iibhalansi kumakhadi okuthenga ngetyala amaninzi, beka phambili ukuhlawula ikhadi ngenzala ephezulu kuqala. Ngaxeshanye, yenza intlawulo encinci kwamanye amakhadi. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sinciphisa inzala xa iyonke ehlawulweyo kwaye sincede abantu ukuba bangabi namatyala ngokufanelekileyo.
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Ukuziphatha ngokwezeMali kunye noLungiso lokuziphatha
Ukuphuhlisa nokuziqhelanisa nemikhwa ephilileyo yemali kubalulekile kulawulo lwetyala lexesha elide. Nalu olunye utshintsho onokuthi uluphumeze:
Yakha ingxowa-mali yexesha likaxakeka: Ukuseka ingxowa-mali kaxakeka kubonelela ngenethi yokhuseleko lwezemali kwiindleko ezingalindelekanga. Ukuba nokugcina imali othembele kuyo kunciphisa isilingo sokusebenzisa amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala ngexesha likaxakeka, kunceda ukuthintela ityala elongezelelweyo.
Hlala uphonononga iingxelo zekhadi letyala: Ukuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo iingxelo zenyanga zekhadi letyala ukuze uchonge ngokukhawuleza iiyantlukwano, iintlawulo ezingagunyaziswanga, okanye izenzo zobuqhophololo. Ukunika ingxelo kunye nokusombulula imiba ngokukhawuleza kunokuthintela ezinye iingxaki zemali.
Phucula ulwazi lwezemali: Tyala ixesha lakho ekuzifundiseni malunga ezezimali zakho, imigaqo nemiqathango yekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala, ukubala inzala, kunye nobuchule bokulawula amatyala. Ukufunda iincwadi, ukufikelela kwimithombo ye-intanethi, okanye ukuya kwiindibano zocweyo kunokukuxhobisa ukuba wenze izigqibo zemali ezinolwazi.
isiphelo
Ukulungisa umba wamatyala ekhadi letyala e-Indiya kufuna indlela ebanzi ebandakanya imfundo yezemali, amanyathelo olawulo, iindlela zokubolekisa ngemali ngoxanduva, kunye noxanduva lomntu ngamnye.
Ngokuphumeza ezi zicwangciso, abantu ngabanye banokulawula amatyala abo, amaziko emali anokukhuthaza ukuboleka ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye abalawuli banokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwabathengi.
Shiya iMpendulo