ICalifornia, okuyisifunda saseGolide sase-United States, esinomnotho omkhulu wama- $ 3.4 trillion (2021), yaziwa ngeSilicon Valley, isimo sezulu esishisayo, amabhishi anesihlabathi, ezokuvakasha kanye nezitudiyo zaseHollywood.
I-California yabhekana nokujaha igolide ngo-1848, okwaholela abantu abaningi ukuba bazinze esifundazweni. Ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi kanye nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu kwafanelekela i-California ukuba yi-statehood ngo-1850. Futhi kamuva, yaba ikhaya lezinkampani zobuchwepheshe be-Silicon Valley ezifana ne-Apple, i-Microsoft, i-Google, i-Tesla, njll.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, uye wabhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho, okuye kwathinta umnotho wombuso kanye nenani labantu bawo jikelele.
I-California Economy ekhona manje
I-California ihola i-US mayelana nesofthiwe, imoto, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ukuhamba kwesimanje, imvelo, kanye nemboni yasemkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba itholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-US, ithathwa njengomnyango ongaphambili phakathi kwe-United States, iPacific Rim, kanye nemakethe esafufusa yase-Asia.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuvela kwalolu bhubhane, umnotho waseCalifornia waqala ukubhekana nezingqinamba.
Ake sihlaziye izizathu kanye nemiphumela ngokuningiliziwe.
Ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus
ICalifornia yaba yisifunda sokuqala e-United States ukuphoqa ukuvalwa kwezwe, okuholele ekulweni ne-coronavirus. Kepha izinqubomgomo ezingalungile zikahulumeni kanye nendlela yokubhekana nalolu bhubhane kube nomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zabantu nasemnothweni.
Njengoba kuyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi elihluke kakhulu e-US, inani labantu abayizigidi ezingama-39 lalithinteke kakhulu yilo bhubhane.
Umbuso ubike izehlakalo eziyizigidi ezi-3.9 ngo-2021, okungamaphesenti ayi-11.0 esibalo samacala ezweni futhi cishe amaphesenti ayi-10.5% abantu abashonile (abashonile abangama-63,891), ngokusho kombiko. California UMnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvalwa kwezindawo okubekwe yiziphathimandla zaseCalifornia kunyuse izinga lokungasebenzi ngo-16%. Ngenxa yalokho, umnotho wezwe ulahlekelwe yimisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.5, okube nomthelela omkhulu embonini yokukhiqiza yaseCalifornia.
Ezokuvakasha zaseCalifornia, amahhotela, ukwakhiwa kwemidiya, kanye nezimboni zendlela yokuphila nazo zibhekane nokuhlehla okukhulu ngenxa yokuvalwa okuqinile.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba iCalifornia ithembele kakhulu emsebenzini wezoLimo ukwedlula noma yimuphi omunye umbuso, umkhakha wezolimo ubhekane nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi embonini yenkomo, yobisi nenyama. Eminyakeni evamile, ukuqashwa kwamapulazi kuyakhuphuka ngenyanga kaJuni eCalifornia, kodwa ngesikhathi sodlame ngo-2020-21, amanani ehla kakhulu ngenxa yemithetho kahulumeni yokuhlala ekhaya.
Ukukhishwa Okukhulu Kwezinkampani Ezinkulu
Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njenge-HP, i-Oracle, i-Apple, i-Palantir, ne-SpaceX zakha i-megafactory yazo e-Austin, eTexas. Izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-1800 zasusa ikomkhulu lazo eCalifornia kuphela ngo-2016. Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu- Toyota, Nestlé, Charles Schwab, kanye ne-Jamba juice sezivele zithuthe indlunkulu yazo e-Texas ngo-2018.
Yini isizathu sokufuduka ngobuningi kwalawa ma-MNCs asezingeni eliphezulu asuka eCalifornia?
Izintela, izindleko zezindlu, kanye nezindleko zokuhlala e-California ziphakeme ngamaphesenti angama-50 kunezinye izifundazwe zaseMeidan. Nakuba izinsiza zomphakathi, ezifaka ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nezikole, azifani nezinye izifundazwe.
Phambilini, ibingekho enye indlela yokuthi izinkampani zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zithuthe. Kodwa manje sebengakwazi ukuthuthela eHouston naseTexas, benikeza lezi zinkampani amathuba angcono nezintela eziphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zibhekane nemithetho eqinile yiziphathimandla zaseCalifornian phakathi nalolu bhubhane, okuhlanganisa nama-oda okuhlala ekhaya kwabasebenzi kanye nokuvalwa okuyimpoqo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwemali. Ngaleso sikhathi, ezinye izifundazwe zavumela abanye abasekhweni lokuphumula kulezi zimboni.
Njengoba amaDemocrats ebambe iqhaza elikhulu kuzo zombili izindlu zeSifundazwe saseCalifornia, abantu bahlukene phakathi ngezinqubomgomo zabo zebhizinisi, lapho abambalwa bebabiza ngezinqubomgomo eziqhubekayo kanti abanye bayangabaza futhi babiza izwe elingenabungane ebhizinisini. I-Democrats ilukhuni ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwezimoto, kanye nezivalo zamanzi futhi ibeka imithetho eqinile ngezimboni ezingcolisa umoya, okwenza i-California ibe yindleko yokwenza ibhizinisi nayo.
Izintela: Ukuqondisa Indwangu Yezimboni yaseCalifornia
I-California incike kakhulu ezinkokhelweni zentela zabantu abacebile nezintela zezindleko ezisindayo kuwo wonke ama-metrics uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifundazwe kulo lonke elase-US. Isibonelo, iCalifornia inezintela zebhizinisi eziphezulu kanye nenqubo yokuphumula eyinkimbinkimbi ye-red tape phezu kwezinqubo zekhredithi yentela engenayo.
Nakuba ezinye izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye zase-US azikhokhisi intela eholweni lomuntu ngamunye, ngokungafani neCalifornia.
Lokhu kwenyusa izindleko zokuphila zabasebenzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzi abangu-2 kwaba-3 kuzo zonke izimboni e-California bafuna ukuhlala ngaphandle kwesifunda uma bethola amathuba omsebenzi ekhaya.
Ukuhamba Kwezinkampani: Umthelela Kumnotho waseCalifornia
I-California ithola imali enhle evela kwabahola kakhulu futhi incike kakhulu kulezi zintela. Ngokusho kwe-California's Franchise Tax Board, amaphesenti aphezulu angu-0.5 abantu abahola kakhulu, abaningi babo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, bayakhokha. U-40% wemali yentela kahulumeni.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhoxa kwakamuva kwezinkampani ezinkulu kuzoba nomthelela omubi emnothweni wezwe laseCalifornia.
Njengesifaniso, iNew Jersey State kwadingeka ukuthi ichibiyele isabelomali sayo ngoba kwahamba uBillionaire oyedwa. Cabanga ngomthelela emnothweni waseCalifornia lapho osozigidi abanjengo-Elon Musk beshintsha izinkampani zabo baye eTexas.
Ngakho-ke, uma i-California ingashintshi imithetho yokuxegiselwa kwentela yalezi zinkampani zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, imisebenzi, izimo zokuphila, nemali engenayo yezwe izophela.
Lapho kuphela ukwehla komnotho ngo-2008, kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu i-California ukufinyelela emazingeni okwehla adlule. I-California yathola imali engaphansi kwe- $ 50 billion yentela engenayo kuleyo minyaka emihlanu, futhi uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuthi anxephezele ngokusika I-$45 billion yaseCalifornia ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle.
Uyabona, sikhuluma ngezigidigidi zamaRandi, ezizokoma esikhwameni saseCalifornia ngokufuduka okukhulu kwalezi zinkampani zobuchwepheshe.
Isomiso saseCalifornia sibhebhethekisa umnotho wayo.
Umnotho waseCalifornia ongu-$3.4 billion uqale ukuzwa ukushisa kwesomiso kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Umbuso ubulokhu ubhekene nesomiso esinzima eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi siqhubekile eminyakeni edlule. Awekho amanzi anele abanikazi bezindlu, imboni yokukhiqiza, abanikazi bezindlu, imboni yezinhlanzi, kanye nezolimo.
Njengoba izindawo zasemakhaya zithembele kakhulu emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ukuze bathole okokulima, ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi kuzoba kubi kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.
Ngokufanayo, eSouthern California, encike kakhulu eMfuleni iColorado ngesidingo sawo samanzi, izinga lamanzi belilokhu lehla isikhathi eside impela. Baze bakubekela imingcele ukunisela utshani izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto.
I-Public Policy Institute yaseCalifornia ibike ukuthi iCalifornia ihlangabezane nezinga lokushisa elingu-3.5 degrees Fahrenheit uma liqhathaniswa nekhulu lama-20. Kuholele ekwenyukeni ngo-8% kwesidingo samanzi ezitshalo ngo-2021.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusweleka kwemvula kwenyuse imvamisa yokusha kwamahlathi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okubangele ukulahleka kwempahla nezinsiza ezengeziwe emnothweni.
Inhlekelele Yezindlu ECalifornia
I-California, ngokwezilinganiso zonke, ishoda ngezindlu eziyizigidi ezi-3-4. Ukuncinza usawoti esilondeni, izindleko zokuphila ezihlala zikhuphuka zenze isimo saba sibi nakakhulu kubasebenzi bezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Kubi kakhulu kuwona womabili njengoba amabhizinisi azimele efuna inzuzo, kanti uma izinkampani ziqasha abantu kuhulumeni, kuzomele zikhokhe amaholo aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise inzuzo yazo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, ezinye izifundazwe kulo lonke elase-US zishibhe kakhulu ngezindlu nokuhlala uma kuqhathaniswa neCalifornia.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iyingozi kangakanani inkinga ye-Real-Estate yase-California, ake sihlole idatha evela ku-White House, ethi i-California ithatha ingxenye (47%) yabantu base-US abangavikelekile. Abantu abampofu baseCalifornia, abangakwazi ukukhokhela indawo yokuhlala, baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale emigwaqweni nasemavenini. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abavela ezigabeni zabantu abahola kancane nabahola kancane baphinde bafune enye indlela eya eCalifornia.
Ingabe Umnotho WaseCalifornia Uphokophele Ekuwohlokeni Komnotho?
Izikhathi ezimbalwa, amaRiphabhlikhi agcizelele ukuthi umnotho wawo uphokophele ekuwohlokeni komnotho. I-GDP yaseCalifornia inenkontileka eqondile engxenyeni yesibili yokugcina yonyaka ka-2022, ngokusho kwedatha yezomnotho eshicilelwe yi- Uhulumeni weFederal waseCalifornia ngo-Agasti.
Imisebenzi: Izinga lokungasebenzi eCalifornia lalingu-4.2%, ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke esingu-3.6%, futhi lisendaweni ye-10 ephezulu e-United States.
Ukuziphatha kwabathengi: Njengoba ubungozi bokuwohloka komnotho obuseduze bukhula, Abathengi bayakugwema ngokwemvelo ukuthenga izimpahla futhi baqale ukuzilungiselela ngokwandisa ukonga kwabo.
Umbiko oshicilelwe yi-New York-based Conference Board inhlolovo ngo-Agasti ubonisa ukuthi ukuzethemba kwabathengi kuye kwehla ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, okungaba nomthelela omubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali nezinga lenzalo: Amanani abathengi abonakale kumaphesenti angu-9.1 kulo nyaka wezimali. Lokhu kuqansa kwaminyaka yonke kukhulu kakhulu kusukela ngo-1981. Phakathi nalezi zimo, umthengi uyazigodla ekukhokheni amanani aphezulu kanye nenzalo, okugcina kubambezele ukukhula komnotho.
Ukuhlela Kwesikhathi Eside: I-US inesikweletu esikhulu kunazo zonke ku-Gross Domestic Product ratio. Kubukeka kukhuphuka kakhulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo, kudala ukushoda okukhulu kwenhlangano futhi kuholele esilinganisweni esikhulu sokukhokha izikweletu.
Ngakho-ke kusukela ekuhlaziyeni okungenhla, kusobala ukuthi umnotho waseCalifornia, uma ungahlangani nokuwohloka komnotho, awusebenzi kahle futhi ungase ubhekane nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
Usebenza Kanjani Umnotho WaseCalifornia Manje?
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sihlangabezane negagasi le-coronavirus, futhi ukuntengantenga komnotho kwaholela abantu abaningi ukuba bafune ezinye izindawo ezingcono zokufuduka. Ngakho-ke i-California iqhuba kanjani manje, futhi izoqhubeka?
Uhlolojikelele Lwezomnotho Lomnotho Wamanje WaseCalifornia:
Imboni Yamahhotela
ICalifornia ithole ukwehla embonini yayo yamahhotela selokhu kwaqala ubhubhane lwenoveli iCoronavirus. Kodwa-ke, iqale ukubona izivakashi ngoMashi 2022, lapho ezokuvakasha zayo zanda kakhulu. Ukufika kwezivakashi kuvame ukuqhubeka ngokuzayo uma lingekho elinye igagasi le-coronavirus kanye nokukhanselwa komcimbi, okungaba izindaba ezinhle embonini yezokuvakasha yaseCalifornia.
Imboni yangaphandle nezokungcebeleka
I-California, edume ngamabhishi ayo kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele, ilungele imisebenzi yangaphandle. Idatha eshicilelwe ngu I-Gravy Analytics ikhombisa imboni yezokungcebeleka yangaphandle yaseCalifornia ayisasebenzi ngendlela obekufanele kube ngayo ngenxa yemithetho eqinile ebekwe wumbuso ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.
Indzawo yekuzijabulisa
ICalifornia iheha abavakashi emhlabeni wonke ngeGolden Gate Bridge, Disneyland, naseHollywood. Imboni yayo yezokungcebeleka yenze ngokwesilinganiso selokhu yavulela abantu bangaphandle indawo yayo. Kungase kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke kakhulu ngokuzayo, futhi i-California ingathola imali engenayo eyengeziwe ngokuvakasha kwezokuzijabulisa.
Indawo yokudlela nokudla
Uhulumeni ubeke isivalo ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-Covid-19, ekhuthaza abathengi ukuthi bangadli kakhulu ekhaya kanye nohambo lokuyothenga mathupha. Kusukela lapho, i-California ibe ngcono embonini yayo yokudlela neyokudla njengoba izivakashi eziningi seziqala ukwehla ziye eholidini nokuzilibazisa.
Isiphetho
I-California kufanele ivumele indawo evumelana nebhizinisi ezinkampanini zayo. Iphesenti elingu-1 labahola kakhulu likhokha amaphesenti angu-46 esamba semali engenayo yesabelomali. Kungakho kubalulekile ukugcina amabhizinisi eqhubeka eCalifornia.
Ezokuvakasha, izitolo zokudlela, imboni yezokuzijabulisa, njll., seziqalile ukusimama, futhi kuyizindaba ezinhle emnothweni waseCalifornia.
Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukusho noma yini kule ndawo yezimo zezomnotho ezingaqinisekile emhlabeni wonke lapho i-US, kanye nezizwe eziningi, zisemnyango wokuwohloka komnotho.
shiya impendulo