Uma ubambe iqhaza ekutshalweni kwezimali isikhathi eside, uzobe usujwayelene negama elithi dividends.
Kodwa uma umusha ekutshaleni imali noma uzithola uzizwa ucindezelekile - khona-ke lesi sihloko ngesakho!
Kule bhulogi, uzokwazi okwengeziwe ngezinzuzo nokuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani ezinhlelweni zakho zezezimali. Kodwa okokuqala, yini i-dividend, noma kunjalo?
Iyini i-Dividend?
Idividendi ukusatshalaliswa kwengxenye yenzuzo yenkampani kubanikazi bamasheya bayo.
Lapho inkampani ithola inzuzo noma imali eningi, ibhodi lingasebenzisa leyo nzuzo ukutshala kabusha ebhizinisini, liyisabalalise kubanikazi bamasheya ngesabelo-mali, noma lithenge amasheya ayo.
Ibhodi yabaqondisi yenkampani inquma ukuthi kufanele yini futhi nini ukukhokha izabelo ngokujwayelekile isitokwe. Ibhodi lithatha lesi sinqumo ngoba lenza ngokuzuzisa abanikazi bamasheya, abangabanikazi bawo. Bafuna ukuthatha izinyathelo ezizokhuphula inani labo ukutshalwa kwezimali ohambeni olude.
Izabelo zingakhokhwa ngokheshi noma mhlawumbe zabiwe njengamasheya engeziwe. Izabelo zivame ukumenyezelwa kanye noma kabili ngonyaka futhi zikhokhelwe ikota eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngemva kosuku ngalunye lwesimemezelo.
Izinhlobo zama-dividends:
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezabelo, kodwa ezivame kakhulu i-dividend cash. Ake sibone izinhlobo ezahlukene zezabelo ezikhokhwa izinkampani.
- Izabelo Zemali: Izabelo zemali ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesabelomali futhi zikhokhwa ngqo kubanikazi bamasheya. Uzokhokhelwa ngokheshi, ngokuvamile ngokudluliswa kwemali ngogesi.
- Izabelo Zezabelo: Izabelo zesitoko zikhokhwa ngamasheya enkampani esikhundleni sikakheshi. Uzokhokhelwa ngendlela yamasheya engeziwe kunezinkokhelo zemali.
- Izabelo Ezikhethekile: I-dividend ekhethekile iyinkokhelo eyengeziwe eyenziwa kubanikazi bamasheya inkampani engeyona ingxenye yomjikelezo wezabelo ezijwayelekile. Izinzuzo ezikhethekile zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi noma ezinye izici ezishintsha umbono wabaphathi mayelana namathemba ebhizinisi.
- Izinhlelo Zokubuyiswa Kwezabelo (DRIPs): I-DRIPs izinhlelo ongatshala ngazo kabusha izabelo zakho zemali zibe amasheya enkampani ekhiphayo ngokwayo.
Ingabe idethi ye-ex-dividend ihluke kanjani kunedethi yerekhodi?
Idethi ye-ex-dividend kanye nosuku lwerekhodi yizinsuku ezimbili ezibalulekile kubanikazi bamasheya.
Usuku lwe-ex-dividend usuku lapho inkampani imemezela ukuthi angeke isakhokha izabelo kubanikazi bamasheya abathenga amasheya ngemva kwalolo suku.
Idethi yerekhodi idethi lapho ibhodi labaqondisi benkampani lithola ukuthi ubani ongumnikazi wamasheya ngesikhathi esithile, ngakho zonke izinkokhelo zezabelo zizoya kulabo bantu.
Ukudideka phakathi kwedethi yerekhodi kanye nedethi ye-ex-dividend kuvamile. Eyokuqala isethwe yinkampani, kanti eyesibili isethwe yi-stock exchange. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunesikhathi sokukhokha sokuhwebelana okwenziwa ekuhwebeni.
Kungani uthenga ama-dividend stocks?
Nokho, kunezinzuzo zangempela zokubamba amasheya ezinkampanini ezikwenzela imali njengomninimasheya. Izinkokhelo zezabelo zingabonisa inkampani enempilo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi inkampani yenza kahle yini, enye indlela esheshayo wukubheka izinkokhelo zayo zezabelo. Uma inkampani ikhokha izabelo, kusho ukuthi inemali eyanele ukukhokhela izinkokhelo futhi isasebenza.
Izitoko ze-dividend zinganikeza umcamelo omuhle ngokumelene nokuntengantenga kwemakethe. Imali engenayo eyengeziwe ingasiza ukulungisa ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona phakathi nemijikelezo ephansi noma yenze kube lula ukutshala kabusha kwamanye amathuba.
Izabelo ziwumthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo engenzi lutho. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu mayelana nezabelo ze-dividend ukuthi zingahlinzeka ngokugeleza kwemali engenayo-ngisho noma ungahwebi ngokuqhubekayo emakethe yamasheya.
Uma uthenga amasheya ezinkampani ezikhokha njalo izabelo bese ubambelela kuwo iminyaka eminingi, ungaqala ukukhokhelwa ngaphandle kokuthi wenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi!
Kungani Izinkampani Zikhokha Izabelo
Izinkampani zikhokha izabelo ngoba zifuna ukuklomelisa abanikazi bamasheya bazo futhi zibakhuthaze ukuthi batshale imali enkampanini. Izabelo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengesikhuthazo kubatshalizimali ukuthi babambelele emasheya, kunokuba bawathengise emakethe yamasheya.
Izinkokhelo zezabelo zingasiza futhi ekwehliseni izindleko zokuxhasa ngezimali imisebenzi nemisebenzi yenkampani.
Uma izinkampani zikhokha izabelo, zikhipha imali ebingase isetshenziselwe ezinye izinhloso. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezimali kwenkampani ngokukhuphula inani lenani lesabelo nokwenziwa kukhange nakakhulu kubatshalizimali.
Izinkampani zingase zikwazi ukukhulisa izinkokhelo zazo ze-dividend uma inzuzo yazo ikhula noma uma inani lamasheya likhuphuka kakhulu.
Ungalinganisa kanjani Izabelo?
Uma uhlola i-dividend, into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukuthi isimeme kangakanani. Izinkampani ezikhokha izinzuzo ezingashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi cishe zenza kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi zinemodeli yebhizinisi elizinzile futhi zingakhiqiza ukugeleza kwemali okwanele ukusekela lezo zinkokhelo.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-dividend iphezulu, isitoko sibaluleke kakhulu. Nokho, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongahlola ngazo izinzuzo.
- Isilinganiso sokufakwa kwedividendi: Lesi silinganiso sikala ukuthi yimalini inkampani enayo ngemuva kwezindleko nezinkokhelo zenzalo. Ibonisa ukuthi yimaphi amaphesenti emali engenayo ngesheya ngalinye (EPS) akhokhelwayo njengezabelo. Uma leli phesenti liphakeme, i-dividend ibonakala iphephe kakhudlwana.
- Isilinganiso senkokhelo: Lokhu kuqhathanisa ukuthi yimalini engenile ekhokhiwe ngezabelo phakathi konyaka owodwa kuqhathaniswa nokuthi yimalini ephinde yatshalwa kabusha ekusebenzeni noma yasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo ezifana nokuthengwa kwezabelo noma ukutholwa. Isilinganiso esiphezulu senkokhelo sisho ukuthi izinzuzo eziningi zikhokhwa ngezabelo kunezitshalwa kabusha emisebenzini noma ezisetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo. Uma le nombolo iphezulu, maningi amathuba okuba inkampani ibe nobunzima bokukhokha izinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo.
- Izinga Lokukhula Kwezabelo: Izinga lokukhula kwesabelomali lilinganisa ukuthi inkampani inyusa ngokushesha kangakanani izinkokhelo zayo ze-dividend ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umnikezeli wezabelo okhulayo uqinisekisa abatshalizimali ukuthi bangathembela emfundweni yabo engenayo kusukela ezimbuyiseni ekutshaleni kwabo.
- Ukuhlukanisa Isivuno se-dividend ibalwa ngokuhlukanisa i-dividend yonyaka ngesheya ngalinye ngenani lamanje lesitoko. Isibonelo, uma isitoko sinesabelo sonyaka esingu-Rs 2 ngesheya ngalinye futhi intengo yaso yamanje ingu-Rs 40 ngesheya ngalinye, khona-ke isivuno saso singaba ngu-5%. Ukuphakama kwesivuno se-dividend, kungcono, ngoba kubonisa ukuthi abatshalizimali banxeshezelwa ngengozi yabo yokubamba isitoko esinikeziwe. Kwezinye izimo, izinkampani ezikhokha izabelo ezinkulu zingase zingakhulisi amabhizinisi azo ngokushesha ngokwanele noma zenze imali eyanele ukuze zigcine lezo zabelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungaba ifulegi elibomvu kubatshalizimali abafuna izinkampani ezizonikeza amandla aqhubekayo okukhula ngaphandle kokudela ukukhiqizwa kwamanje kokugeleza kwemali.
Intela Yemali Engenayo Emalini Engenayo Yezabelo ENdiya
Izabelo ziyingxenye yeholo lomuntu noma inkampani. Uma inkampani ikhokha izabelo kubanikazi bamasheya bayo, abaninimasheya kuyodingeka bakhokhe intela kuyo. Inani lesabelomali elitholwe umninimasheya lingezwa emalini yakhe yonke futhi likhokhiswa intela ngokwesilinganiso se-slab sakhe.
NgokoMthetho Wezezimali, 2020, uma uthola izabelo enkampanini yaseNdiya noma i- isikhwama sokubambisana engaphezu kuka-Rs 5,000 ngonyaka, inkampani izodonsa intela kuyo ngo-10%.
Inani lentela elidonswayo lizoboniswa kusitifiketi sakho sesabelomali, futhi ikhredithi yaleli nani uzonikezwa wena ngenkathi ugcwalisa amafomu akho entela yeholo. Kuzodingeka ukhokhe izintela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokusekelwe emalini yakho engenayo yalowo nyaka wezimali lapho ufaka imbuyiselo yakho yentela.
Ukufingqa, ngokungangabazeki ziningi izizathu zokuba nethemba kanye nenjabulo mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezabelo, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokwenza lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kube lula futhi kufinyeleleke kalula.
Nakuba kufanele uzimisele ukwenza ingxenye yakho yocwaningo futhi ufunde kancane mayelana nemakethe, akunzima kakhulu ukuqalisa. Uma unentshisekelo ekusakazweni kwemali engenayo kanye nokwakha ingcebo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufanelekile ukubheka.
Okungenani, ukubukeza uhlu olungenhla kufanele kukunikeze umbono omuhle wokuthi yiziphi izitoko ze-dividend, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi ezingagcina ziyizimpokophelo zokutshala izimali ezisebenzayo kuwe.
shiya impendulo