Uma singena ekutshalweni kwezimali ezibambiso❶ ezibandakanya ubungozi obuncane, sicabanga ngamabhondi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlanganisiwe. Izimali ezihlanganisiwe ngokuyisisekelo ziyizimali zomuntu ngamunye ezihlanganiswa ndawonye zibe yiqembu. Ake sibheke amaqembu amabili abalulekile ezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali namuhla - Amabhondi nama-ETF noma Izikhwama Zohwebo Zokushintshana.
Amabhondi awela ngaphansi kwezibambiso zemali engenayo egxilile❷ kuyilapho ama-ETF engaba ngaphansi kwezimali ezihlanganisiwe, izimali zezikweletu➌ futhi zingabhekwa njengezibambiso zemali engenayo engaguquki ngokusekelwe esigabeni sazo.
Ungase ujwayelane namabhondi ethemu, futhi uma utshala imali eqinile, kungenzeka ukuthi utshale imali kuma-ETF, noma okungenani uzwile ngawo. Ake sibone kulesi sihloko ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zokutshala imali kumabhondi ngokuqhathanisa nezinzuzo zokutshala izimali kuma-ETF. Sizophinde sixoxe ngobungozi kanye nobubi bohlobo ngalunye lokutshalwa kwezimali.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka ama-Bond ngokumelene nama-ETF, ake siqale siqonde imigomo ngokujulile.
Qaphela: Ekugcineni, uzothola uhlu lwamagama asetshenziswe kuso sonke lesi sihloko. Uhlu lwamagama lufakiwe ukuze wenze ukufunda kwakho kube lula futhi usize ukuqonda kwakho imigomo yezezimali esetshenzisiwe.
izibopho
Ibhondi yimalimboleko ekhokhelwa uhulumeni noma inhlangano ezimele esikhundleni senzalo ekhokhwa kabili ngonyaka noma ngonyaka. Uma uthenga ibhondi yenkampani yomphakathi noma ezimele, uboleka leyo nkampani imali. Imvamisa, izinkampani ziboleka ukuze ziqhubeke nokukhula kwebhizinisi labo. Uhulumeni nezinhlaka zikahulumeni njengoMasipala bangase bafune ukuboleka imali ngamabhondi ukuze kwakhiwe ingqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo nezikole.
Uma uthenga amabhondi, ungumtshali-zimali enkampanini kodwa awunayo ingxenye yenkampani njengoba kwenza amasheya➍ -abanikazi. Abanikazi bamabhondi bangabakweletwayo futhi abanalo izwi noma isibopho sebhizinisi elibolekayo.
Ekuvuthweni kwebhondi, ubuyiselwa imali eyinhloko. Inzalo onegunya lokuyithola ngezikhathi ezibaliwe, ngokuvamile kabili ngonyaka.
Ayikho indawo yemakethe yokuhwebelana➎ noma indawo emaphakathi yokuhweba ngamabhondi. Amabhondi athengiswa kakhulu ngekhawunta nangabathengisi bebhondi. Amabhondi nawo angadayiswa ngasese phakathi komboleki kanye nomabolekisi.
Imakethe yamabhondi, nakuba ihlakazekile, inkulu emhlabeni wonke. E-India, imakethe yebhondi ithola ukunakwa okwengeziwe futhi ikhule kakhulu kule minyaka engu-5 edlule.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhondi, kodwa singazihlukanisa ngokubanzi ngezinhlobo ezi-2 ezinkulu :
Amabhondi Kahulumeni : Amabhondi akhishwe uHulumeni Omkhulu Nowezwe, iziphathimandla zikaMasipala kanye nezinkampani zePublic Sector angena ngaphansi kwamabhondi kaHulumeni. Lezi zibopho ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Treasury Bonds.
AmaBond Corporate : Lawa mabhondi akhishwa izinkampani ezizimele ukuze zihlangabezane nemigomo yazo yokukhula.
ETFs
Ama-ETF noma Izimali Ezithengiswa Ngokushintshana, ngokungafani namabhondi, athengiswa ngokuhwebelana. Ama-ETF ayinqwaba yezibambiso ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kuhwetshwe. Ama-ETF, njengamasheya, angathengiswa usuku nosuku.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ama-ETF ukucabanga ngenqwaba yamasheya➎ noma amabhondi ezinkampani ezihlukene ezihwebayo sezizonke.
Ama-ETF angaqukatha amabhondi noma amasheya engxenye ethile yemboni ethile, njenge-IT, noma angaba inqwaba yamabhondi/amasheya ezimboni ezahlukene.
Indlela engcono yokuqonda ama-ETF kungaba ukuwafanisa nezimali ezihlanganyelwe➏ . Ngempela, ama-mutual funds kanye nama-ETF abelana ngezici eziningana. Ake sibheke.
- Kokubili ama-ETF kanye nezikhwama ezihlanganyelwe yizinketho ezingcono zokutshala izimali kubatshalizimali abangenantshisekelo yokuzibandakanya ngokukhuthele ekuhlaziyeni nasekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke kwemakethe.
- Ama-ETF kanye NeziKhwama Ezihlanganyelwe zigxila ezinkethweni zokutshala izimali ezihlanganisiwe okungukuthi zinikeza izinketho zokutshala izimali ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene noma izinkampani ezihlukahlukene zemboni efanayo.
- Kokubili ama-ETF nama-mutual funds athengiswa ngokuhwebelana.
- Zombili ziphathwa ngabaphathi bokutshalwa kwezimali noma ama-broker.
Ama-ETF e-India, awela ezigabeni ezilandelayo:
Ama-ETF ama-Bond
Ama-ETF ebhondi angase aqukathe amabhondi kahulumeni noma ezinkampani noma kokubili.
Inkomba ye-ETFs
Ama-ETF e-Index aqukethe amasheya ezimboni ezihlukahlukene.
Ama-ETF omkhakha
Ama-ETF omkhakha aqukethe amasheya ezinkampani ezivela emkhakheni othile.
Ama-ETF wegolide
Ama-ETF egolide ahweba emakethe yegolide. Igolide eliyibhiliyoni limbiwa igolide elingu-99.5% elimsulwa. Izintengo zebhiliyoni yegolide ziyakhuphuka futhi zehle nenani legolide elibonakalayo. Intengo yama-ETF Egolide isekelwe ekukhuphukeni nasekuweni kwebhiliyoni, futhi ngokungaqondile emakethe yegolide ebonakalayo.
Ama-ETF asebhange
Ama-ETF asebhange aqukethe amasheya amabhange.
Ama-ETF angamazwe ngamazwe
I-ETF yamazwe ngamazwe itshala ezitokisini namabhondi ezinkampani zangaphandle.
Unentshisekelo yokuthenga ama-SOVEREIGN GOLD BOND? Funda lesi sihloko ukuze wazi okwengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke kufanele utshale kuphi - Amabhondi noma ama-ETF?
Manje ake siphendule umbuzo oyinhloko - kufanele utshale kuphi? Amabhondi noma ama-ETF? Ukuze siphendule umbuzo ngendlela enobulungiswa, ake sibheke izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zazo ngakunye.
Izinzuzo Zokutshalwa Kwezimali Kumabhondi
- Amabhondi ayimalimboleko enikezwa izinkampani, futhi uthola inzalo ngezikhathi ezithile emalini ebolekiwe. Lesi sici samabhondi siwenza angaguquguquki kakhulu kunamasheya.
- Amabhondi anenzuzo kumatemu amafushane namaphakathi. Amabhondi nawo anenzuzo ngomqondo wokuthi njengoba kuyimalimboleko, ubuyisela inani eliyinhloko ngemva kwenani leminyaka elimisiwe. Uma uhlose ukusebenzisa imali yakho ekusetshenzisweni okuthile esikhathini esiyiminyaka emi-2, kungcono ukutshala kumabhondi kunokuyofuna idiphozithi yasebhange, njengoba izinga lenzalo lamabhondi lizoba phezulu.
- Ukutshalwa kwebhondi kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi esizukulwaneni esidala njengoba kunesiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa kwenani eliyinhloko.
- Ukuba namabhondi kuphothifoliyo yakho yokutshalwa kwezimali❼ kwenza kube bushelelezi izingqinamba ezitholakala ngokuhlukahluka kwentengo yesitoko.
Izinzuzo Zokutshalwa Kwezimali kuma-ETF
- Ngama-ETF, ungahweba ngezitoko, igolide, amabhondi kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezibambiso (ngokuqhathaniswa) nengozi encane enamathiselwe.
- Ama-ETF athengiswa ngokuhwebelana, yingakho kunemali eyengeziwe➑ enamathiselwe kuma-ETF. Lokhu kuhumusha ukuthi ama-ETF akwazi ukudayiswa usuku lonke futhi angathengiswa isikhashana➒ .
- Amanani omthengisi we-ETF mancane, njengoba ephathwa nje. Ukuphathwa okungenzi lutho kwezibambiso kusho ukuthi akukho ukuphatha okusebenzayo (okwenziwa umphathi) lapho izibambiso zingatshalwa khona. Kutshalo-mali lwe-ETF olungenzi lutho, imali etshaliwe ifakwa kuwo wonke amasheya/amabhondi azo zonke izinkampani zakuleso sigaba se-ETF.
- Ama-ETF ayafaneleka intela njengoba evame ukuqaphela➓ izinzuzo zemali encane❶❶ . Iningi le-ETF elithengisayo nokuthengayo liwukuhlengwa kwempahla❶❷ , futhi awayingenisi intela.
Ukungalungi kwamabhondi
- Ukuguquguquka Kwemakethe ❶ ➌ : Izinga lenzalo yebhondi lingaphansi kokuntengantenga kwemakethe. Kumabhondi esikhathi esifushane, ukuguquguquka kwenzalo akunikezeli izinzuzo ezibalulekile, njengoba amanani enzalo ehla enyuka.
- Ingozi Yesikweletu : Kwesinye isikhathi izinkampani zibhekana nokushoda kwemali, futhi zingakwazi ukukhokha inzalo. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, izinkampani zingase zingakwazi ukukhokha inani eliyinhloko.
Ukungalungi kwama-ETF
- Ukwenyusa Imali Yokuhweba : Ukuhweba njalo kwama-ETF phakathi nosuku kuzoholela ekwenyukeni kwenkokhelo yokuhweba. Engeza kulokho ikhomishana yokudayiswa ngakunye kanye nezindleko zokuphatha ama-ETF zikhuphuka kakhulu.
Futhi, amasheya ezinkampani ezahlukene anemali ehlukile yokuhweba, ngakho-ke umuntu akasoze aqiniseka ukuthi akhipha malini egameni lekhomishini ngenkathi ethengisa amasheya e-ETF. - Ukuguquguquka Kwemakethe : Nakuba ezinzile ngokuqhathaniswa kunamabhondi nezitoko, ama-ETF nawo angaphansi kokuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwezimakethe. Isibonelo, ama-ETF egolide akhombisa ukuntengantenga kwemakethe yegolide ebonakalayo.
Ama-ETF vs. Amabhondi
Singaqhathanisa amabhondi nama-ETF kumapharamitha alandelayo ngaphambi kokwenza isiphetho sokuthi iyiphi ithuluzi elingcono lokutshala imali.
diversification
Ukuhlukahluka kubhekisela ekwehliseni ubungozi bokutshalwa kwezimali ngokunikeza izimali kumathuluzi ahlukene okutshala imali. Mayelana nokuhlukahluka, ama-ETF anikela ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlukahlukene njengezitoko/amabhondi ezinkampani eziningi, futhi izimboni eziningi zingatshalwa kuzo.
Ingozi Yesikweletu
Nakuba womabili ama-Bond nama-ETF ephethe ingozi encane yekhredithi kunezitoko, isici sobungozi kumabhondi siphezulu uma siqhathaniswa nama-ETF.Ukuhlukahluka kwama-ETF kukwenza kungabi namandla kakhulu ukuphahlazeka kwezikweletu okungazelelwe. Lapho amanye amasheya noma amabhondi ephahlazeka, amanye azobe ekhokha inzalo noma izabelo.
Imali Yekhomishini kanye Nomthengisi
Amabhondi aphathwa ngokuqhubekayo noma ngokuzihlalela kuye ngokuthi ufuna umthengisi wakho noma umphathi aphathe amabhondi. Ama-ETF ngokuvamile aphathwa ngokungenzi lutho. Ngama-ETF, kungaba namakhomishini ahlukene anamathiselwe ezitokisini/amabhondi ahlukene uma kwenziwa ukuhweba kosuku olusebenzayo. Ngawo womabili amabhondi nama-ETF, imali ekhokhwayo ingalawulwa uma wenza ucwaningo oluncane ngaphambi kokutshala imali, futhi ubheke i-prospectus eduze ukuze uthole izindleko ezengeziwe ezihilelekile ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni.
Imali Engenayo Engaguquki Neguquguqukayo
Amabhondi akhokha inzalo kanye noma kabili ngonyaka. Amanye ama-ETF akhokha izabelo, kodwa ngokuvamile aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namasheya. Futhi, amabhondi ayavuthwa futhi abuyisele isamba esiyinhloko. Ama-ETF amaningi awavuthwa, futhi ungase ungaphinde uthole isamba sakho esiyinhloko uma ungatshali imali isikhathi eside.
Izinketho Zokuhweba
Ama-ETF angathengiswa nge-akhawunti yakho evamile ye-Demat. Izintengo zama-ETF nazo ziboniswa ngokusobala ekushintshanisweni, okwenza ukuhweba kube sobala kakhulu. Amabhondi athengwa ngama-broker, futhi akhona amathuba okuthenga ukwehluka kwentengo kumthengisi kuya kumdayisi.
Ake futhi sicabangele isihloko samabhondi ama-ETF ngokumelene namabhondi ngaphambi kokuba sifinyelele esiphethweni esiqinile :
- Ama-ETF ebhondi ahlanganisa amabhondi ezimboni ezahlukene noma womkhakha othile. Amabhondi enkampani eyodwa kuphela. Mayelana nokuhlukahluka, ama-ETF e-Bond athola amaphuzu angcono kunamabhondi.
- Amabhondi avuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa ama-ETF e-Bond ngokuvamile awavuthwa. Lokhu kwenza amabhondi afanelekele ukutshalwa kwezimali okufushane namaphakathi.
- Amabhondi akhokha inzalo yonyaka noma kabili ngonyaka. Ngama-ETF e-Bond, njengoba kunenqwaba yamabhondi, uthola izinzalo ezikhokhelwayo cishe nyanga zonke.
- Izintengo ze-Bond ETF zisobala kakhulu njengoba ziboniswa ekuhwebeni. Ama-ETF angamabhondi angathengiswa phakathi namahora okuhweba osuku njengamasheya.
- Ama-ETF angamabhondi angaphathwa ku-inthanethi nge-akhawunti yakho ye-Demat. Ngamabhondi enkampani ngayinye, udinga umdayisi wakho ukuze adayise noma uthenge ibhondi eyengeziwe.
Isinqumo Sethu Mayelana Nokutshalwa Kwezimali Kumabhondi nama-ETF
Singaphetha ngokuphepha ngokuthi womabili ama-Bond nama-ETF anendawo yawo ngokulandelana kwawo kuphothifoliyo yokutshala imali.
Sincoma kakhulu ukuthi utshale imali kuma-ETF uma:
- osaqalayo, futhi ngifuna utshalomali olungenabungozi.
- ukuhlela utshalomali lwesikhathi eside.
- ukufuna umthombo ojwayelekile wemali engenayo ngendlela yenzalo.
- ubheke ukunciphisa izimali ezihlobene nokutshalwa kwezimali njenge-brokerage kanye nekhomishini.
- ngifuna ukuqala ngenani elincane lokutshalwa kwezimali ezibambiso.
Amabhondi angcono kakhulu kuwe uma:
- ukufuna ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi esifushane ngamanani enzalo aphezulu kunamabhange.
- yazi kancane imakethe yebhondi, futhi wenze ucwaningo lwakho ngaphambi kokuthenga.
- ukulungele ukuzibandakanya ekutholeni idili elilungile ekuthengeni amabhondi njengoba amanani ehluka emakethe yebhondi.
- ukulungele ukutshala isamba esikhulu emakethe yezibambiso.
Udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi noma kunjalo angenabungozi, amabhondi nama-ETF awagonyiwe ekuguquguqukeni kwezimakethe ngokuphelele.
Inani elincane lenzalo esebenzayo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwebhondi yakho kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-ETF kungahamba ibanga elide ekukhiqizeni imbuyiselo enezithelo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
UHLU LWAMAGAMA ASETSHENZISIWE
❶ Izibambiso : Izibambiso zingamathuluzi ezezimali noma izimpahla ezingadayiswa ngevelu lemali.
❷ Izibambiso Zemali Engenayo Egxilile : Izibambiso zemali engenayo engashintshi yizibambiso zezikweletu ezikhokha imali engenayo engashintshi ngendlela yenzuzo.
➌ Izimali Zezikweletu : Izimali zezikweletu ziyizikhwama zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinotshalomali lwemali engenayo engaguquki njengotshalomali lwazo oluyisisekelo.
➍ Amasheya Nezabelo : Isitoko siyisibambiso esimelela ingxenye yobunikazi benkampani eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Amasheya namasheya anencazelo efanayo, kanti isitoko sisetshenziswa ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Isibonelo : Ngingaba namasheya kuphothifoliyo yami yokutshala imali, futhi ngiphethe amasheya e-ABC Pvt. Ltd. Isheya lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhekisa ezibambiso zenkampani ethile. Isitoko saziwa nangokuthi ukulingana.
➎ Ukuhwebelana : I-Exchange iyindawo yemakethe emaphakathi yokuthenga nokudayisa amathuluzi ezezimali afana namasheya kanye ne-Exchange Traded Funds.
➏ Izimali Ezihlanganyelwe : I-Mutual Funds iwuhlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali oluhlanganisiwe lapho abatshalizimali behlanganiswa ukuze batshale kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene wezezimali njenge-ETFS, izitoko noma amabhondi. I-Mutual Funds iphathwa kahle kakhulu uchwepheshe.
❼ Iphothifoliyo Yokutshalwa Kwezimali : Isamba sezimpahla zakho noma izibambiso zenza iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali. Njengoba nje iphothifoliyo yakho yomsebenzi ikhombisa ulwazi lwakho lomsebenzi, iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali ikhombisa impahla yakho oyitshalile. Njengephothifoliyo yomsebenzi, iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali ihamba phambili uma ihlukahlukene, futhi ibonisa izinzuzo ezinhle.
➑ I-Liquidity : Ekutshalweni kwezimali, i-liquidity wukuba lula kokuhweba izibambiso ngemali engukheshi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa.
➒ Ukuthengisa Okufushane : Ukuthengisa isikhashana isu lokutshala imali lapho uthengisa izitoko ulindele ukwehla kwezintengo zesitoko, bese uzithenga futhi ngentengo eyehlisiwe. Umqondo uwukwenza inzuzo ngokuthenga futhi ngamanani ancishisiwe.
➓ Qaphela : Izibambiso noma izitoko “ziyaqaphela” lapho zithengiswa emakethe. Izibambiso ezitholiwe zithinta isakhiwo sentela somtshali-zimali. Izibambiso zingathengiswa njengenzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa.
❶❶ Izinzuzo Zemali : Uma izibambiso zithengisa ngentengo ephezulu kunenani lazo lokuthenga, kuholela enzuzweni yemali.
❶❷ Ukuhlengwa Kwempahla : Ukuthengwa kwempahla kwenzeka uma ukhokhela izibambiso ezintsha ngokwemibandela yezinye izibambiso esikhundleni semali.
❶➌ Ukuntengantenga Kwemakethe : Ukuntengantenga kwezimakethe kusho ukungaqiniseki okuhlobene nentengo ekhuphukayo naphansi yezibambiso ezifana nama-ETF, izitoko namabhondi.
shiya impendulo