Amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini ayilawo masheya angekho ohlwini kunoma yiziphi izimakethe ezinkulu.
Lezi zimpahla, nokho, zitholakala kwezinye izinkundla.
Lesi sihloko sizokutshela konke mayelana nalezi zinkampani ezingafakwanga ohlwini nokuthi ungatshala kanjani kuzo kalula.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokulibala, ake siqonde kukho.
Yiziphi Izabelo Ezingafakwanga ohlwini?
Amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini Izibambiso noma imikhiqizo yezezimali engekho ohlwini lwesitoko. Athengiswa emakethe ye-over-the-counter(OTC) futhi abizwa ngokuthi izibambiso ze-OTC.
Ubungozi obuhambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali kumakethe yamasheya buphansi ngokuqhathaniswa kunasezimakethe ze-OTC ngenxa yokulawula okusebenzayo kwe-SEBI, intengo yemakethe, kanye nokuveza izinto obala.
Nokho, akukho ukuvuleka noma ukulawula okunjalo endaweni engafakwanga ohlwini. Ngakho-ke, abatshalizimali kumele babhekisise kahle ngaphambi kokutshala imali kulo mkhakha.
Izinhlobo Zezibambiso Zezezimali ezingafakwanga ohlwini
Amathuluzi ezezimali angahlangabezani namazinga okufakwa kuhlu awathengiswa ngokushintshana okusemthethweni.
Izibambiso ezingafakwanga ohlwini ngokuvamile zikhishwa izinkampani ezincane noma ezintsha ezingakwazi noma ezingafuni ukuthobela imithetho yokushintshisana esemthethweni, njengemikhawulo yemali yemakethe noma izindleko zokufakwa kuhlu.
Ukwengeza, ibhizinisi kufanele libe selikhiphe inani elithile lamasheya futhi kufanele likwazi ukukhokhela ukufakwa kuhlu kwalo ekuhwebeni ngenkathi liba sesidlangalaleni.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngisho nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezisemthethweni ezingafuni ukuhambisa imibiko ye-SEC, azizibhalisi ohlwini lwazo. izimakethe zesitoko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitokwe esivamile sivame ukuhwetshwa ku-OTCBB noma kumakhasi aphinki futhi singenye yezokuphepha ezingafakwanga ohlwini ezidume kakhulu. Lokhu kubandakanya ama-penny stocks angahwebelana ngamanani amancane.
Amathuluzi amaningi angewona ayisitoko, angafakwanga ohlwini, afana nokushintshaniswa, izibambiso zikahulumeni, namabhondi ezinkampani, nawo ayathengiswa emakethe ye-OTC.
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokutshala Kumasheya Angafakwanga ohlwini
Izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa inqubo yokutshala imali kumasheya angafakwanga ohlwini:
1. Izidingo ze-akhawunti ye-Demat and Trading
I-akhawunti ye-Demat kanye ne-akhawunti yokuhweba kuyadingeka uma kungokokuqala utshala imali kumasheya angafakwanga ohlwini.
Ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi i-CDSL noma i-akhawunti ebhalisiwe ye-NSDL yokuhweba kanye ne-Demat. Kodwa-ke, ungase ungakwazi ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa izitoko ezingafakwanga ohlwini ngokusebenzisa inkampani yokudayisela ikunikeza i-akhawunti ye-Demat njengoba ingasebenzi ngezitoko ezinjalo.
Izindawo ezimbili ezigcina imali zesizwe, i-CDSL kanye ne-NSDL, zidlala indima ebalulekile kulesi simo. Izabelo zithunyelwa ku-akhawunti yakho ye-Demat uma uthenga izibambiso ezingafakwanga ohlwini.
Ungasebenzisa futhi i-MyEasi App evela ku-CDSL noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-NSDL ukuze uhlole okufanayo.
2. Khetha uMlamuli Ongcono Kakhulu
Isigaba esilandelayo sikhetha umlamuli ofanele, okungesinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo. Ungathenga amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini lwabaxhumanisi abahlukahlukene. Lezi izi:
- Abadayisi
- PMS amabhizinisi
- Abathuthukisi\sAbatshalizimali be-Equity kumaplathifomu e-crowdfunding/Angel Funds
- Abasebenzi abasebenzela inkampani njengamanje futhi abanama-ESOPs
Ama-broker asebenza kulawa masheya ayindlela elula kakhulu yokutshala imali kumasheya angafakwanga ohlwini, njengoba efinyeleleka kalula.
Lezi zinkampani zokuthengisa zithenga amasheya emabhizinisini afuna ukuthengisa amasheya awo. Bese benikeza amasheya athengiswayo kubathengi, basize ekuthengeni nasekudayiseni amasheya, futhi baqaphe intengo yala masheya angafakwanga ohlwini.
3. Ukuhlola Amasheya
Kufanele ube nokholo kulaba bathengi ngoba awukwazi ukuthola intengo yalawa masheya ku-inthanethi noma ekuhwebeni. Laba badayisi babeka isethi yezimali ngokushintshanisa ngamasevisi abo.
Kusukela kumdayisi oyedwa kuya kolandelayo, izimali ezikhokhwayo ziyehluka. Ngakho-ke kufanele uqhathanise amanani nezinkonzo ezihlinzekayo. Kufanele futhi uthole ukuthi yimaphi amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini abasebenzelana nawo.
4. Izingxoxo Zokubekwa Kwe-oda
Izitoko ezingafakwanga ohlwini zithengiswa ngekhawunta. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukutshala imali kuzo, uzodinga ukuxoxisana ngentengo nomxhumanisi.
Okulandelayo, ungakwazi ukuxoxisana ngentengo ephansi noma uthenge amasheya, isibonelo, ngama-Rs. 120 isabelo ngasinye.
Umuntu omaphakathi uzobuya kuwe uma izindleko ziwela ngaphansi kwama-Rs. 100, futhi ungakwazi kalula ukuqedela okwenziwayo. Njengokuthenga, ungaphinda uyeke ukuthengisa amasheya akho aze afinyelele inani olifisayo.
5. Ukubekwa Kwe-oda
Ama-oda ahlanganisa inani lamasheya ofuna ukuwathenga noma ukuwathengisa kanye nenani ofisa ukwenza kanjalo ngalo.
Umlamuli uyobe esehlola i-oda ngaphambi kokulicubungula. Ama-oda angafakwa ngocingo, noma ungashayela ophakathi (noma umthumelele incwadi) bese unikeza lonke ulwazi. Ake sibheke uhlu lwamadokhumenti ayimpoqo ukuze uqedele i-oda.
6. Ukuhanjiswa Kwemibhalo Edingekayo.
Kokubili amasheya okuthenga nokudayisa, amaphepha alandelayo ayadingeka:
- Ikhadi le-Pan
- IKHADI LE-AADHAR
- Ikhophi Eyinhloko Yeklayenti
- Isheke Likhanseliwe
Ngaphezu kwamaphepha okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, i-Delivery Instruction Slip (DIS) iyadingeka ukuze kudayiswe amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini.
I-CMC idokhumenti equkethe imiyalelo ngenani lamasheya athengwayo, intengo ngesheya ngalinye, kanye nesamba semali iyonke.
Ngokufanayo, inani lamasheya ohlose ukuwathengisa, inani elibuzwayo, kanye nesamba semali etholwe ngokudayiswa konke kubalulwe ku-DIS. Umlamuli/umthengisi uhlinzeka yomibili le mibhalo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala, esibandakanya ukudluliswa kwamasheya kanye nenkokhelo, sisesandleni sakho njengoba kufanele wenze inkokhelo ngokulandelayo.
Umuntu ophakathi nendawo uzoqala ukucubungula ukuthenga kwakho uma eseyitholile inkokhelo. Amasheya azoba ku-akhawunti yakho ye-Demat phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokusebenza.
Ukuze udayise lawa masheya, kufanele uqale uwadlulisele ku-akhawunti yomxhumanisi noma ngokuqondile ku-akhawunti yomunye umtshali-zimali, ozobe esefaka imali ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange.
Umsebenzi uyaphothulwa lapho uthola amasheya, ngenkathi uwathenga, noma imali, lapho uwathengisa.
Izindlela Zokutshala Ezinkampanini Ezingafakwanga ohlwini
Ungabamba iqhaza enkampanini ezimele ngaphambi Komnikelo wayo Wokuqala Womphakathi (IPO) ngokuthenga amasheya ayo angafakwanga ohlwini. Izinzuzo ezilindelekile ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza abatshalizimali bathenge lawa masheya.
Izinkampani zihlinzeka ngamanani anesaphulelo kulawa masheya ukuze zenze abatshalizimali bathenge ingxenye enkulu yamasheya abo angafakwanga ohlwini. Izindleko zalawa masheya cishe zizokhuphuka ngesikhathi se-IPO, ngaleyo ndlela zenze abatshalizimali bokuqala bacebe.
Njengoba amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini angadluliselwa kuphela ngekhompyutha, wonke umuntu ofisa ukuwathenga kufanele abe ne-akhawunti ye-Demat. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvuleka komkhakha webhizinisi, ukuvikelwa kwabatshalizimali, kanye nokubusa.
Ake sibone izindlela ezahlukene zokutshala izimali ezinkampanini ezingafakwanga ohlwini.
1. Ngokusebenzisa Abaphakathi Nabaqalayo
Ukuthenga amasheya angafakwanga ku-inthanethi ngokuvamile kuyinketho yosomabhizinisi. Ngokuvamile banikela ngokulingana kwabo kumawebhusayithi abo.
Ngokuvamile, ubuncane be-Rs. U-50,000 uyimpoqo ukuze ube yingxenye yenkampani kusenesikhathi. Nokho, lokhu kuncike kuphela enkampanini.
Impendulo ivela ku- Aayush:
Ukuphela kwesikhathi engithenge ngaso amasheya enkampani angekho ohlwini kwase kuphela I-Dezerv. Amasheya engiwathengile awenkampani ebizwa nge-boAt.
2. Ngezisebenzi
Izinkampani eziningi ezizimele zinikeza abasebenzi bazo izinhlelo zobunikazi bamasheya (ESOPs) ukuze zibagcine futhi zibanikeze umuzwa wobunikazi. Ngakho-ke, lawa masheya angafakwanga ohlwini ayatholakala nakubasebenzi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungavele ucele abangani bakho noma izihlobo ukuthi bakutholele amasheya ezinkampani ezinjalo.
3. Ngezikhungo Zezezimali
Njengoba amasheya angekho ohlwini engabizi, izikhungo zezimali zifaka imali eningi kuwo. Umtshali-zimali onemali enkulu kanye nokubekezelela ingozi enkulu ngokuvamile utshala kumasheya angafakwanga ohlwini esebenzisa isikhungo sezezimali.
4. Amapulatifomu Wokuxhasa Ngesixuku
Lona umkhuba ovamile ezimbonini zokuqala njengoba zenza iqembu elikhulu labatshalizimali bakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinsiza zabo futhi baxhase ngezimali abaqalayo ukuze bathole iphesenti lamasheya abo angafakwanga ohlwini. Laba batshalizimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baxhasa lezi zinkampani ukuze bathole ukulingana.
Ungazikhetha Kanjani Izinkampani Ezingafakwanga ohlwini
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhetha indlela ekahle kakhulu yokutshala imali ezinkampanini ezingafakwanga ohlwini. Wahlole ngezansi.
1. Phenya ngezimboni ze-Futuristic
Lokhu kusamile njengesisusa sokuqala sokutshala imali. Thola izimboni zakusasa ozotshala kuzo imali. Ngokuvamile, azikho izinkampani eziningi emakethe, futhi zisakhula.
Amageyimu, i-SaaS, i-Fintech, i-e-commerce, nezinye izimboni ezaziwayo zifakwe ohlwini oluthrendayo lokutshalwa kwezimali kuyo yonke iminyaka.
2. Thola ukuthi Ubani Osevele Etshalile
Ungathola amabhizinisi lapho abanye abasunguli abaziwayo bokuqalisa ngempumelelo bephinda bangene ezimakethe abazisekelayo. Uma uthanda, ungabheka futhi ukuthi yimaphi ama-tycoon amabhizinisi avelele atshale kuwo.
Esikhathini esiningi, laba batshalizimali bezingelosi banekhono lokuthola amafemu azoba yimpumelelo enkulu ngokuzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banethimba lonke labatshalizimali elenza konke ukukhuthala okudingekayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kusezandleni ezinhle.
3. Izinkampani Zisendleleni Yokuphumela Obala
Izinkampani eziseduzane nokuphumela obala zingase zibe nenzuzo yokuncintisana ngaphezu kwentengo yazo yokukhishwa. Nokho, lokhu kumane kungenye yezinzuzo eziningi. Iningi lalawa mabhizinisi selishicilele ngaphambilini i-DRHP yawo.
Lawa marekhodi, ngokuvamile aziwa ngokuthi ama-holy grails, aqukethe lonke ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nenkampani. Ukwengeza, ziphathwa ngokomsebenzi futhi ziyizinkampani ezingaphansi zamabhizinisi afakwe ohlwini lwangaphambilini.
4. Uketshezi
I-Liquidity iyisici esibalulekile ngenkathi ucinga izinkampani ezingafakwanga ohlwini. Izinkampani zamanzi ngokuvamile zinenani elikhulu labatshalizimali abanentshisekelo kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhweba.
5. Ngaphambi kwe-IPO Investment
Ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa amasheya enkampani ngaphambi kokuba ukunikezwa komphakathi kokuqala kwenkampani (IPO) kwenzeke emakethe yangaphambi kwe-IPO. Ayikho i-stock exchange lapho ungathenga khona la masheya ngoba awadayiswa emakethe evulekile.
Amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini angathengwa ngabalamuli nezinkundla ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekubekeni amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini emakethe. Ngaphezu kokuthenga amasheya kubatshalizimali abasha abakhona nabamagange, abaxhumanisi nezinkundla nazo zinikeza Izinhlelo zenketho yesitoko yabasebenzi (ESOP).
Imakethe ye-pre-IPO ivulwe muva nje futhi manje isifinyeleleka kumphakathi jikelele. Kukhona izimakethe eziku-inthanethi lapho abatshalizimali bengathenga amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini ezinkampanini, okuhlanganisa i-Analah Capital, i-TradeUnlisted, ne-Unlistedkart. Amasheya alawa mabhizinisi angafakwanga ohlwini agcinwa ku-akhawunti ye-Demat.
Inani elincane lalolu tshalomali lingase libe phakathi kwama-Rs.25,000 kanye nama-Rs.50,000, ngokuvumelana ne-Unlistedkart, kuye ngesabelo esingafakwanga ohlwini. Ezinye izinkundla zokutshalwa kwezimali azizange zikhulume ngemfuneko encane yokutshala imali.
Wonke amasheya angaphambi kwe-IPO akhawulelwe izinyanga eziyisithupha kulandela usuku lokufakwa kuhlu, futhi elandela imithetho yomlawuli wemakethe wase-India. Kubonisa ukuthi awukwazi ukuthengisa amasheya ngaphambi kokuba kudlule izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kosuku lokufakwa ohlwini.
Izibambiso zesikhathi esifushane ziyizibambiso ezingafakwanga ohlwini ezithengiswa ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingama-24. Izinzuzo zikhokhiswa intela ngenani lentela elisebenza kuwe kanye neholo lomuntu. Ngemuva kwenkomba, izinga lentela enzuzweni yesikhathi eside, uma lithengiswa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-24, lingamaphesenti angama-20.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini awazinzile futhi awavumelekile, ngakho-ke ungase ungakwazi ukuwathengisa ngokushesha. Njengoba abadlali bezikhungo yibona abahamba phambili emakethe yangaphambi kwe-IPO futhi ukuthengiselana kwabo kuvame ukuhamba kancane, ukuthengisa amasheya nokuthola ukheshi nganoma yiliphi ihora losuku kuyinselele.
Izinkinga Zokuthenga Amasheya Ezinkampani Ezingafakwanga ohlwini
Ukuthenga amasheya angafakiwe ohlwini akuyona indlela eqinisekile eya empumelelweni. Yonke inkampani engakafakwa ohlwini ayidingi ngempela ukuba ngumkhiqizi wengcebo.
Njengoba kunolwazi oluncane olutholakalayo, ukunquma inani elifanelekile lamasheya ezinkampani ezingafakwanga ohlwini nakho kuwubuqili. Futhi, ukuthenga amasheya enkampanini engafakwanga ohlwini nakho kunezingozi ezikhona.
Ngisho noma uqhubeka uthengisa amasheya ezinkampani ezinjalo, kungase kube nzima uma inkampani engafakwanga ohlwini ingafakwa ohlwini maduze. Ngamanye amazwi, kungase kube nezinkinga ze-liquidity.
Amasheya amabhizinisi angahwebi ngokuhwebelana ngamasheya ahlonishwayo akhokhiswa intela ngenani eliphakeme, okunciphisa amamajini akho enzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina lawa masheya ku-akhawunti ye-Demat nakho kunezindleko ezinhle ezanele.
Isiphetho
Uma usunesikhathi eside usezimakethe zamasheya, kufanele uqaphele ingozi engase ibe khona ezimpahleni ezinjalo. Yize izimakethe zamasheya ziphephile futhi zingabandakanyi abakhwabanisi, inomzimba wayo olawulayo, i-SEBI.
Ukuthenga amasheya angafakwanga ohlwini kungase kube yingozi kubatshalizimali nabathengisi, njengoba bebhekana nemikhonyovu eminingi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lawa masheya awalawulwa yi-SEBI.
Ngakho-ke, ungacabanga ngalokhu ngezindlela ezimbili: Uthandana nale nkampani engafakwanga ohlwini futhi wazi zonke izinto eziyisisekelo, noma ungakhetha ukutshala kuphela lokho ongakwazi ukukulahlekela. Ngethemba manje usuyazi i-A kuya ku-Z yokutshala amasheya ezinkampani ezingafakwanga ohlwini e-India.
shiya impendulo