Namuhla, ukutshala imali yinto wonke umuntu afuna ukuyenza njengoba kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokudala ingcebo.
Njengomtshali-zimali, kufanele wazi ukuthi imakethe yamasheya iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imali, kodwa ingakufaka enkingeni yezimali uma ungenzi ucwaningo olufanele ngezitoko otshala kuzo.
Ekhuluma ngocwaningo lwemakethe yamasheya, abatshalizimali abaningi bacabangela u-Mohnish Pabrai - Usomabhizinisi wase-India-American, umtshali-zimali, kanye ne-philanthropist, isithixo sabo futhi balandele indlela yakhe yokutshala izimali ukuze baphumelele ohambweni lwabo lokutshala izimali ezimakethe zamasheya.
U-Mohnish Pabrai usungule i-Pabrai Investment Funds kanye noMsunguli & no-CEO we-Dhandho Funds.
Yize kungelona igama lasekhaya eNtshonalanga, uMohnish Pabrai uyiMidas yokutshala imali kwamaNdiya.
Irekhodi lakhe lokubona izinkampani ezithembisayo ezikhulayo, ukuhlonza amaphutha azo, nokulinda imakethe ukuthi ibone amandla azo kumenze waba ngomunye wabatshalizimali abahlonishwa kakhulu.
Manje ake sifunde ezinye izifundo zokutshala imali endleleni ka-Mohnish Pabrai yokutshala imali.
1. Khomba Ngengozi Ephansi, Ukubuyisela Okuphezulu
Njengoba engumtshali-zimali eduze Nosomabhizinisi, uMohnish wayehlale ekholelwa ukuthi ungumtshali-zimali odlala ohlangothini oluphephile. Uthi osomabhizinisi bakhulu ekubhekaneni nokungaqiniseki futhi bahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubungozi.
Njengoba engusomabhizinisi, wafunda into eyodwa, okuwukunciphisa ubungozi kuyo yonke imikhakha ayitshalile in.
Ngakho, kusukela stock market, uma ungakwazi ukwenza imali eyengeziwe, ungakwazi okungenani unciphise izingozi ezihilelekile ekutshaleni kwakho imali ngokudlala ngokuphepha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, awuholi kakhulu, kodwa awulahlekelwa ngisho. Yize kuphephile ukudlala, ngingathanda ukubiza le ndlela yokutshala imali ngokuthi ihlakaniphile.
UPabrai usebenzisa igama lesiGujarati "Disandla" okusho ukuthi imizamo eyakha ingcebo.
Ikakhulukazi, endabeni yokutshala imali, ukhuluma ngebhizinisi elinembuyiselo ephezulu enengozi ephansi. Lawa amabhizinisi lapho noma izinto zingahambi kahle, usengakwazi ukwenza imali.
Abatshalizimali be-Dhandho abazami ukuhlakanipha noma ukwedlula noma ubani. They umane bathenge amabhizinisi anomkhawulo wokuphepha - bakhokha inani eliphansi elanele ukuthi uma bakhona akulungile, ngeke balahlekelwe kakhulu. Uma beqinisile futhi imakethe ekugcineni iyakubona, kukhona okunungi kwe phezulu.
Uqhathanisa indlela yakhe yokutshala imali nezinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali ngokusho. “Amakhanda ngiyawina, imisila angihlulwa kakhulu.”
Le ndlela ingakwazi kuqondwe njengaphansi ingozi, futhi ephezulu ukungaqiniseki ngoba ngisho noma bengatholi nzuzo enkulu ekutshalweni kwezimali, bangalindela okungenani ukuthola ubungozi obuncane.
Ngamafuphi, ukuba ngumuntu webhizinisi, u-Mohnish Pabrai ukholelwa ekutshaleni imali "engozini ephansi, inzuzo ephezulu" kumasheya "engozini ephezulu, inzuzo ephezulu.".
2. Ukutshalwa kwezimali Konke Mayelana Nokulinda
UMohnish uthi,
“Inzuzo eyodwa enkulu umtshali-zimali anayo akuyona i-IQ. Kuwukubekezela nokulinda. Ilinde i-pitch efanele, nokulinda iminyaka eminingi iphimbo elifanele.”
-Mohnish Pabrai
Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, imakethe yamasheya ibone yayo isabelo se phezulu naphansi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kukhona kube yizikhathi eziningi lapho imakethe yehle ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwe-10 ngosuku olulodwa.
Kodwa-ke, abatshalizimali abafana no-Mohnish Pabrai abakhathazekile ngokuntengantenga okunjalo emakethe. Bayazi ukuthi uma bethenga amasheya amahle ngesikhathi esifanele futhi bazibambele isikhathi eside isikhathi, banganikeza imbuyiselo engacabangeki.
Ukuvumela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kukhule ngokuhlanganisa kungakwenzela imali eningi; abatshalizimali abanezimpahla zabo ezikhule kakhulu noma bakhohlwe ngezitoko abazuze ngazo ekuqaleni, noma basebenzise lezo zimbuyiselo ukuze bahlukaniselane kwezinye. izimpahla.
Isizathu sokuthi abatshalizimali bangakutholi ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa wukuthi njalo lapho isitoko sikhuphuka, ingqondo yabo iqala ukudlala imidlalo nabo. I isitokwe lokho kwakuyingxenye encane iphothifoliyo ngokuzumayo iba yingxenye enkulu futhi ivuse ukwesaba noma ukuhaha kuye ngokuthi ngabe umuntu ukubheke ngombono wenzuzo noma wokulahlekelwa.
Lokhu kungakwenza wenze zonke izinhlobo amaphutha, njengokuthengisa ngemva a elikhulu ukunyuka kwentengo (ngoba ingqondo yakho ithi inkulu kakhulu) noma cha ethengiswa kakhulu lapho kufanele (ngoba ingqondo yakho ithi isencane kakhulu).
“Awuyenzi imali uma uthenga amasheya. Futhi awenzi imali uma uthengisa amasheya. Uyenza imali ngokulinda.”
-Mohnish Pabrai
3. Amaphutha Othisha Abangcono Kakhulu
Njengabanye abatshalizimali bemakethe yamasheya abaphumelelayo, uMohnish Pabrai naye utusa ukufunda okuthile emaphutheni futhi ungawaphindi ngesikhathi esizayo.
UMohnish uthi amaphutha ngothisha abangcono kakhulu. Umuntu akafundi empumelelweni. Kuyafiseleka ukufunda ngokuqhubekayo ekuhlulekeni kwabanye abantu, kodwa kugxilwa kakhulu lapho kungezakho.
Ngalokhu, uveza ukuthi, njengoba ungumtshalizimali, udinga ukwamukela amaphutha akho noma nini lapho ubhekene nokuwa kwemakethe yamasheya. Ngoba ezimakethe zamasheya, kunezikhathi lapho uqinisile nalapho unephutha. Isibonelo, ulayini wesitoko ungahle wehle ngo-10% futhi ukhuphuke ngo-50%, ngakho-ke kungaphezu kwalokho obukulindele.
Tnansi into eyodwa kuphela engakusiza ukuthi uphumelele emakethe yamasheya, futhi lokho umbono wakho omuhle ngokufunda emaphutheni akho.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ube umtshali-zimali oqukethe izinga eliphezulu lokunemba kokuthola inzuzo, kufanele uhlaziye ukwehla kwakho kanye nokwehla kwabanye abantu futhi uthole amasheya enza inzuzo ephezulu, okuyizona ezinezingozi eziphansi, ukuze uthole kwesokudla utshalomali.
Kufanele ucabangele amaphutha akho njengethuba lokulungisa amaphutha akho futhi uthole impumelelo kutshalomali lwakho olulandelayo.
4. Dlala kuzo zonke izindawo zakho zokuqonda
Ezimakethe zamasheya, intshisekelo yakho enkampanini idlala a Staff indima ekusizeni ukuthi uthole inzuzo. Kungakho uMohnish Pabrai ethi,
“Indlela kuphela umuntu kufanele Thenga amasheya uma uqonda ibhizinisi eliyisisekelo. Uhlala ngaphakathi kwendilinga yamakhono. Uthenga amabhizinisi uyawaqonda.”
-Mohnish Pabrai
Kufanele ukhethe inkampani oyithanda kakhulu, uthole abatshalizimali lokho ukwenza inzuzo ngezitoko ezinjalo, landela indlela yabo yokutshala imali, hlaziya amaphuzu lapho benza khona amaphutha, futhi wenze umnyakazo wakho ofanele ngesikhathi esifanele bese ubhala isaga sakho sokutshala imali.
Abatshalizimali abahamba phambili bangabheka inkampani futhi bahlole izinzuzo zayo zokuncintisana ngokuhlaziya ukuthi iyiliphi ibhizinisi in. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusobala, kodwa abantu abaningi benza iphutha lokucabanga ukuthi ibhizinisi kuchaziwe ngemikhiqizo noma amasevisi ayo. Baphambanisa inkampani nemboni yayo.
Eqinisweni, imboni lapho inkampani iqhudelana khona ngokuvamile ayibaluleki kangako kunendlela eqhudelana ngayo embonini.
Isibonelo, izinkampani ezikhiqiza amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe zonke zisembonini efanayo—ama-semiconductors–kodwa zincintisana ngemibandela ehluke kakhulu. Abanye bathengisela abenzi bamakhompiyutha imikhiqizo yabo njengoDell; abanye bathengisela abakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi abafana noNokia; noma kunjalo, abanye ukuthengisa ezinkampanini zezimoto ezifana neGeneral Motors.
Lowo mehluko usho ukuthi inkampani ngayinye ibhekene nezingozi ezihlukene futhi inamathuba ahlukene okukhula kanye nokwenza inzuzo.
Ngisho nangaphakathi kwemboni eyodwa, kungaba khona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamathemba ezinkampani ngazinye.
Ngakho, dlala njalo ezindaweni uthola intshisekelo yakho enkulu futhi lapho ungasebenzisa khona ubuchwepheshe bakho bokuhlaziya.
5. Njalo Yenza Uhlu Lwemibuzo Ukuze Uphenye Amasheya
Kulabo abani entsha ekutshaleni imali, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi ukwakha ulwazi lwakho. Indawo engcono kakhulu ongaqala ngayo ayikho ngezitoko, kodwa ngamabhizinisi. Futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda mayelana amabhizinisi ngokubuza imibuzo.
Yenza uhlu lwemibuzo futhi ulisebenzise njalo uma ucabanga ukuthenga isitoko enkampanini. Kuzokusiza ukuthi ugweme amaphutha amaningi futhi ugxile kulokho okubalulekile.
U-Mohnish Pabrai, encwadini yakhe – 'The Dhandho Investor' ubhale isethi yemibuzo okufanele uyisebenzise ukuphenya izitoko ofisa ukuzithenga.
- Ingabe lesi sigaba sesitoko singena ngaphansi kwendawo oyithandayo nekhono lakho?
- Liyini inani lamanje langaphakathi lebhizinisi? Ungakwazi yini ukutshala kuyo ngokuzethemba okuphezulu? Siyini isilinganiso sayo sokuphambukisa esikhathini esizayo esizayo?
- Abaphathi bayisebenzisa kanjani imali yabanikazi bamasheya?
- Ingabe uzizwa uqiniseka ukutshala izimali zakho eziphezulu kulesi sitoko?
- Ingabe lesi sitoko siqukethe ubungozi obuphansi? Uma yebo, kungakanani okubi okwenzayo iqukethe?
- Ingabe leli bhizinisi linezimpande ezijulile?
- Mangaki amazinga okwethembeka leli bhizinisi eliwafunayo?
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala imali kunoma yisiphi isitoko, phendula yonke le mibuzo futhi ukhulise ukuzethemba kwakho ukuthenga isitoko futhi ulinde isikhathi esifanele sokusithengisa futhi uthole inzuzo njengoba kucatshangwa.
6. Tshala Ebhizinisini Elilula Kodwa Elisebenzayo
U-Mohnish uhlale eluleka ngokuthola ibhizinisi okulula ukuliqonda futhi elisebenza ngempumelelo ngokulahlekelwa okuncane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthola imbuyiselo engcono ekutshaleni kwakho, ngisho noma kufanele ulinde isikhathi eside.
Akufanele gxila ekubikezeleni ukuthi iyiphi inkampani uzoya ube “yi-Amazon elandelayo" kodwa kunalokho tshala emabhizinisini angakhula ngaphandle kokudinga izinto ezingaphandle ezingajwayelekile ukuthi zenzeke.
“U-Einstein naye wawabona amandla okwenza izinto zibe lula, futhi kwaba isihluthulelo sempumelelo yakhe ku-physics. Waphawula ukuthi amazinga amahlanu akhuphukayo obuhlakani babe, “Smart, Intelligent, Brilliant, Genius, Simple.” Ku-Einstein, ukwenza izinto zibe lula kwakumane kuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lobuhlakani.”
-Mohnish Pabrai
Ethonywe uWarren Buffett, uMohnish uthi lapho ucabanga ngokutshala imali, kufanele uthole okuthile okungajwayelekile nokujwayelekile kodwa okudingwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, Coca-Cola futhi Gillette. Lezi zinkampani sekungamashumi eminyaka zikhona futhi abakuthengisayo akusona imfashini noma kukusha, kodwa kuyinto wonke umuntu ayithengayo futhi ayisebenzise nsuku zonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu bajabule kakhulu ngemikhiqizo emisha kanye new izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Facebook noma i-Instagram. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinkampani zingaba okuhle izimali. Kodwa uMohnish uthi ukuthi wena badinga ukucophelela ngoba baphinde bayitshalomali eyingozi.
Phela akekho owaziyo ukuthi bazophumelela yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uthi uma ucabanga ukutshala imali yakho, qiniseka ukuthi uzicabangela zombili izinhlobo zamathuba: amabhizinisi ayisicefe kodwa azinzile. kanye ne izinkampani ezikhula ngokushesha ezinemikhiqizo namasevisi ajabulisayo.
7. Funda Ukuthola Amathuba Enkingeni Yezimakethe:
U-Mohnish Pabrai ushilo encwadini yakhe ethi Mosaic - Perspectives on Investing ukuthi:
“Ukuphahlazeka kwezimakethe kanye nezinkinga zezimali yisikhathi sokuzibophezela sebenza "
– Mohnish Pabrai
Ithuba liza lapho intengo yesitoko yehla, kodwa alukho ushintsho enanini lebhizinisi. UPabrai uthi abatshalizimali akufanele bethuke noma balahlekelwe ukuzethemba ngesikhathi senhlekelele.
I-Value investor uMohnish uthi abatshalizimali bamasheya kufanele bafunde ukuthola amathuba enkingeni yezimakethe. Iningi lenhlanhla enkulu zenziwe in zinhlekelele. Yisikhathi lapho kungekho muntu ofuna ukwenza noma yini. Kodwa uma unemali, ungenza ingcebo ngokuthenga izaphulelo.
amazwi okugcina
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesitoko kuwumdlalo onamathuba amaningi okuwina uphethe isu elilungile kanye namaphutha okulahlekelwa umdlalo ngenxa yokuntuleka kocwaningo. Ngakho-ke, bheka izifundo ezingcono kakhulu ezishiwo ngenhla zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinikezwe ngu-Mohnish Pabrai; funda, zijwayeze, futhi ujabulele idili lakho.
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