I-National Pension System (NPS) iwuhlelo oluhle lokonga intela kanye nokwakha ingcebo enkulu yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Iminyaka eyinkulungwane ayilondolozi imali ngendlela evamile, enediphozithi engaguquki kanye nediphozithi ephindaphindayo. Bavame ukubheka ukutshalwa kwezimali okunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, njengezimali zokonga intela.
Cabanga nge-NPS njenge-akhawunti yokonga ngempoqo. Uma usufake imali yakho, iyakhiywa uze ufinyelele eminyakeni engu-60 ubudala, kuhle.
Yingakho ingekho kahle njengezitoko noma izimali zomphakathi, kodwa kungcono kakhulu kubatshalizimali abajwayelekile.
Nazi izinzuzo eziyisi-6 zokuba ne-akhawunti ye-NPS.
Ukubuyiselwa Okuqinisekisiwe Uma Udlala Ngokuphephile
I-NPS izokunikeza imbuyiselo eqinisekisiwe uma ukhetha ukungatshali imali ngendlela ehlukumezayo ezikhwameni ezinobungozi obukhulu.
I-NPS ikuvumela ukuthi ufake imali yakho ekulinganeni. Imali yakho yekhorasi yabelwa phakathi kwezigaba ezine zezimpahla okungamabhondi kaHulumeni, ama-Equity stocks, izikweletu zebhizinisi, kanye Izimali Zokutshalwa Kwezimali Ezihlukile.
Ukwenza kube lula kwabaqalayo, isabelo somnikelo we-NPS sinezinketho ezimbili:
- Ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo
- Ukukhetha okusebenzayo
Uma uqala i-akhawunti ye-Auto-choice NPS, unezinketho ezilandelayo zokutshala izimali ongakhetha kuzo:
- Lokulingene
- I-Conservative
- Ulaka
Ukukhetha ukutshalwa kwezimali Okumaphakathi kuzohlukanisa u-50% womnikelo wakho ezikhwameni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Njengoba iminyaka yakho ikhula, iphesenti leminikelo yakho eyabela izimakethe zezabelo liyancipha.
Ukukhetha indlela yokutshala imali ye-Conservative yilokho engikubiza ngokuthi ukudlala ngokuphephile. Njengongqondongqondo olandelanayo engenza, ama-25% kuphela eminikelo yakho abelwa izikhwama zezabelo. Nalokhu kuyehla njengoba ukhula.
Indlela yokutshala imali enolaka iza nobungozi obukhulu kanye nenzuzo ephezulu. Le ndlela ingeyabantu asebefeze izinhloso zabo ezithile babheke ngabomvu ukuphila njengenkosi noma sebethathe umhlalaphansi. I-Going Aggressive izokwaba u-75% weminikelo yakho ku-equity market.
I-Active-choice ikuvumela ukuthi ucacise ukuthi ungathanda ukutshala malini esigabeni ngasinye sempahla. Ungakhetha ukukhuphukela ku-30% ngokulingana, u-100% Kumabhondi Kahulumeni, kanye no-100% Esikweletini Sebhizinisi.
Ngokungakhethi ukutshala imali eyengeziwe ekulinganeni nasekunikezeni izimali zakho ezimpahleni Zezikweletu Namabhondi Kahulumeni, ungaqinisekisa imbuyiselo ehloniphekile esikhathini eside. Kunoma yikuphi, lokho kungaba ngcono kune-FDs kanye ne-Liquid Mutual Funds.
Security
Kunezigaba ezimbili ze-NPS:
- Isigaba - I
- Isigaba - II
Noma yimiphi iminikelo ku-Tier - I-akhawunti yami ikhiyiwe okungenani iminyaka emi-3 yokunikela okuqhubekayo. Le akhawunti yangempela yomhlalaphansi, efana ne-Roth IRA e-US.
Uma usufake noma iyiphi imali ku-akhawunti ye-Tier - I NPS, ihlala lapho uze ufinyelele iminyaka yobudala engama-60. Ayikho indlela ongakhipha ngayo imali engaphezu kuka-25% ekhophasini yakho yomhlalaphansi.
Lolu hlobo lokonga ngempoqo lusebenza kahle kakhulu ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu onomkhuba omubi wokusebenzisa imali nge-akhawunti yokonga.
Imali yakho, uma ukhetha ukutshala ngendlela ye-Conservative itshalwa kumabhondi kaHulumeni kanye neSikweleti Sebhizinisi. Zombili lezi zimpahla ezimbili zivikeleke kakhulu futhi ziphephile ekutholeni imbuyiselo engemihle esikhathini eside.
Manje i-akhawunti ye-Tier - II isiwuketshezi. Ungafaka futhi ukhiphe imali eningi ngokuthanda kwakho, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.
Njengoba i-Tier – II iyindlela yokutshala ngokuzithandela, isaphulelo sentela asisebenzi emalini oyifakile kuyo.
Ukhululekile ukukhetha nokushintsha umphathi wesikhwama sakho noma iphesenti lokwabiwa kwempahla kabili ngonyaka. Kuzo zombili izigaba.
Khumbula ukufaka noma iyiphi imali esele ngemva kwazo zonke izindleko zakho ezidingekayo ku-akhawunti ye-Tier – I NPS. Awufuni noma iyiphi imali yezimo eziphuthumayo kuyo ngoba ngeke ukwazi ukufinyelela kuzo uma uzidinga kakhulu.
Izinzuzo Zentela
Nge-akhawunti ye-Tier – I NPS, ungonga imali efika ku-2,00,000 INR entela yakho engenayo njalo ngonyaka wezimali.
Ungafuna kufika ku-1,50,000 ngaphansi kwesigaba 80 CCD (1) kanye no-50,000 owengeziwe kwababhalisile abangaphansi kuka-80CCD (1B).
Uma uhlanganisa iminyaka engama-60 uvunyelwe ukukhipha kuze kufike ku-60% wekhophasi yakho yonke. U-40% osele ugodliwe ukuze uthole impesheni njalo ngenyanga.
Uma ukhipha izimali, ikhophasi yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphansi (inani eliyisamba oyitshalile) ngeke likhokhiswe intela lilonke. U-40% yenani eliphelele elikhokhiswa intela njengohulumeni ngaphansi kwamathebula entela engenayo evamile yonyaka wezimali.
U-60% osele ongawukhipha ngeke ukhokhe intela.
Futhi lokho kuyinzuzo enkulu yokutshala imali ku-NPS. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi wonge izi-2,00,000 zentela njalo ngonyaka, uzoba nensada yentela ongayisebenzisa eminyakeni yakho yamashumi ayisithupha. Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka nganoma yikuphi ukuphathwa kwentela.
Izinketho ze-Liquidity
Ake sibheke futhi kokubili, Isigaba - I kanye nesigaba - II se-akhawunti ye-NPS.
Isigaba - ngikusiza ukuthi wakhe isikhwama somhlalaphansi ngokungakuvumeli ukuthi ukhiphe noma yiziphi izimali eminyakeni yokuqala eyi-10. Ayikuvumeli ukuthi ukhiphe noma yiziphi izimali uze ufike eminyakeni engu-60 ngaphandle uma:
- Uhlela ukuthenga ikhaya lakho lokuqala
- Yiba nesifo esibucayi
- Udinga imali yezizathu ezifana nemfundo ephakeme, umshado wezingane
Ikhophasi yakho kufanele ilingane noma ibe ngaphezu kuka-1,00,000 ukuze uhoxe ku-akhawunti ye-Tier - I. Futhi kufanele wenze okungenani u-6,000 INR njalo ngonyaka ukuze ugcine i-akhawunti yakho ye-NPS isebenza.
Kukhona imali encane kakhulu eSigabeni - mina kodwa noma kunjalo, ungakwazi ukukhipha izimali uma uzidinga ngesizathu esikhethekile. Inqubo yokuhoxa ithatha isikhathi, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukuhlela kancane kusengaphambili.
Lokhu kufanele futhi kukukhumbuze ukuthi ungatshali noma iyiphi imali ohlela ukuyisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, njengaseminyakeni emi-5 ezayo.
Manje bheka i-Tier - II, i-akhawunti yokuzithandela ye-NPS.
Isigaba - II ikuvumela ukuthi unikele ngemali eningi oyifunayo. Futhi uhoxise ngokuningi okufunayo, noma nini lapho ufuna.
Ayikho imikhawulo kuma-akhawunti we-Tier - II. Yimali ewuketshezi eningi etshalwe ezigabeni zempahla ezifanayo njengeTier – I.
Ukuthi nje ngeke uyithole impesheni yanyanga zonke evela ku-Tier – II. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo lwakho kuwukwakha ikhorasi ukuze uthole izimpesheni zanyanga zonke ezinsukwini zakho zakudala, khetha i-Tier – I.
Ngezinhloso zesikhathi esifushane, i-Tier - II iyona okufanele uyikhethe.
Ukubuyisela Okuphezulu Nomphumela Ohlanganisayo
Ngendlela yokutshala imali Enolaka, ubheka inzuzo engaphezulu kwesilinganiso kanye nephezulu kakhulu kuye ngemakethe.
Ngokutshala ngaphezu kuka-75% weminikelo yakho ezikhwameni ze-Equity, izinzuzo zingaba ngaphezu kuka-10%.
Iphakeme kakhulu kune-liquid Mutual funds kanye ne-Debt funds.
Enye inzuzo yokutshala imali njalo ku-NPS ukuhlanganisa imbuyiselo yakho ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Uma ucabangela ukuthi uqala i-akhawunti ye-NPS uneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, Esikhathini seminyaka engama-35, iminikelo yakho ye-1,000 ngenyanga izoba ngu-38,28,277 uma sithatha inzalo ephakathi kuka-10%.
Futhi utshalomali lwakho lwangempela lwenkathi yeminyaka engama-35 lulingana nezi-4,20,000. Lokho cishe ku-10X kwe-investimenti yakho yangempela.
Endabeni yami, bengilokhu nginikela ku-NPS yami kusukela ngineminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Lokho kusho ukuthi umnikelo wami we-1,000 (nginikela ngaphezulu) njalo ngenyanga uzoba ngu-70,57,183 kuleyo nzalo engu-10%.
Ngakho-ke, unesizathu esizwakalayo manje sokuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ayikho I-Cap On Investment ku-Tier 2
Ayikho i-cap yokuthi ungatshala malini ku-akhawunti ye-tier 2 NPS.
Isigaba - II asinawo umkhawulo lapho ungeke ukwazi ukufaka enye imali.
Noma ngabe iyiphi imali oyishiye ngemuva kokwakha izimali zakho eziphuthumayo, ukuthenga isitoko, ukukhokhelwa kwezokuphepha kanye nezindleko zingafakwa ku-NPS Tier – II.
Ungakwazi ukukhipha le mali kalula noma kunini. Shintsha isikimu sokutshala imali noma udlulisele ku-NPS Tier - I-akhawunti yami. Ungasetha imiyalo emile yamasonto onke futhi ubuke i-investimenti yakho ikhula nge-autopilot.
Khumbula, imali efakiwe kanye nenzalo etholwe ku-akhawunti ye-Tier - II NPS iyakhokhiswa intela.
Impela ziningi izinzuzo ze-akhawunti ye-NPS ezenza ucabange ukuba nayo.
Chofoza lapha ukuze ubhalise i-akhawunti yakho ye-NPS.
Kuyindlela enhle yokonga imali eyengeziwe futhi uhlelele umhlalaphansi wakho nekusasa lapho wazi ukuthi uzodinga imali ukuze uphile impilo yakudala ejabulisayo.
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