Ngemuva kochungechunge oluningi lwewebhu namamuvi aveza izindaba zempilo zabatshalizimali bebhizinisi kanye nefilosofi yabo yokutshalwa kwezimali, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya sekuphenduke indatshana emhlabeni jikelele.
Abantu sebeyaqaphela ukuthi iyini ngempela imakethe yamasheya, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze bathole inzuzo engcono emakethe yamasheya.
Ngamafuphi, ngingasho ukuthi abantu babeka isithakazelo sabo ekutshalweni kwemakethe yamasheya.
Futhi-ke, uma ngikhuluma stock market ukutshala imali, angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngicabanga ngomtshali-zimali odumile uPeter Lynch. UPetru akaphumelelanga kuphela izimali, kodwa futhi uye wagqugquzela abatshalizimali abaningi ukuba bafunde kufilosofi yakhe yokutshala izimali.
Nazi izifundo eziyisikhombisa zokutshala izimali ezivela ku-Peter Lynch ezingakusiza ube umtshali-zimali ongcono.
1. Konke Ukubuyela emuva kuyithuba Lokuthola Impumelelo:
Kusukela emashumini eminyaka esipiliyoni ekutshalweni kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya, uPeter Lynch uhlale ethi, “Abantu abaphumelelayo emakethe yamasheya nabo bamukela ukulahlekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile, izithiyo, kanye nezenzakalo ezingalindelekile. Ukwehla okubuhlungu akubethusi ukuthi baphume emdlalweni.”
Njengabanye abatshalizimali abaphumelelayo, u-Peter Lynch naye uvela esigabeni sokukholelwa ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi eside njengesihluthulelo sokuthola imbuyiselo ephezulu.
Futhi uma kuziwa ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi eside, ubehlale eluleka ozakwabo abatshalizimali ukuthi banqamule othintana nabo ngezinto ezimkhathazayo kanye ne-capitulation, okungasebenza njengemizwa eholela ekuweni komsebenzi wakho wokutshala imali.
Emakethe yamasheya, kunezikhathi lapho imakethe ifakaza khona ukuguquguquka okukhulu, okuholela abatshalizimali ukuba "Bakhathazeke" imizwelo.
Kodwa ukuze ube umtshali-zimali omkhulu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthole futhi usebenzise lokho kukhathazeka ukuze uguqule ukuhlehla kube yithuba lempumelelo, ngisho nangezindleko ze-bargain.
Omunye umzwelo obizwa ngokuthi "Capitulation" uhlasela abatshalizimali lapho behlangabezana nokuwa kwe-investimenti yabo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemakethe. Eveza lo mzwelo, uPeter Lynch uthi abatshalizimali abaningi bazizwa beziqhenya ngokuba abatshalizimali besikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho behlangabezana nezinkinga zabo eziphakeme futhi baphoqeleke ukuba babe abatshalizimali besikhashana.
Isifundo: Ukuze uthole imbuyiselo engcono, namathela ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi eside, kodwa ngocwaningo oluhle noluphathekayo ukuze uthole inzuzo.
Ungesabi ukwehla kwemakethe okuyinhlekelele; yiba nesineke, wethembe ucwaningo lwakho, futhi ujabulele ukudla kwakho. Ziba ama-buzz afuna umzwelo wakho.
2. Ungalokothi Ulandele Okucatshangwayo Noma Amathiphu Uma Lolo Kungelona Ucwaningo Lwakho:
UPeter Lynch uthi, emakethe, abatshalizimali abaningi bafuna izixazululo zenzuzo esheshayo noma amathiphu okuguqula ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kube inzuzo ngokufihla iqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile lawa okuthiwa “amathiphu ashisayo” ayizisulu zokuwa.
Yingakho athi, “Ungalokothi utshale imali kunoma yimuphi umqondo ongakwazi ukuwufanekisa ngekhrayoni.” Lapha, ikhrayoni isho umuzwa wakho wokutshala imali nokufunda. Waqhubeka wathi, “Yazi Onakho.”
Ngokusho le migqa emibili, uPeter uzama ukuveza, ngokwami, uma uthola amathiphu otshalomali, wathathe, kodwa ungawasebenzisi uma ungakwazi ukuchaza noma ukuveza ukuthi inkampani izokwenza kanjani ngomzuzu olandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imali, yenza ucwaningo lwakho olunzulu ngenkampani, njenge:
- Yasungulwa kanjani?
- Yayiyini imali yayo yokuqala eyaqoqwa, futhi yimalini ekuxhasweni okuguqule utshalomali lwaba yimpahla?
- Yayiyini noma iyini inzuzo yayo emakethe?
- Obani izimbangi zayo?
- Kungani amakhasimende kufanele athembe le nkampani?
- Izokwenza kanjani esikhathini esizayo, njengoba ibheka ukusebenza kwayo kwamanje?
Uma usuthole yonke le mininingwane, kufanele ubheke ubungozi obukhona kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwenkampani, futhi uma lokho kwenzeka, uzokubuyisela kanjani utshalomali lwakho.
Isifundo: Njengomtshali-zimali, kufanele usebenze futhi zonke izindlebe zokwazi ukuthi ungayitshala nini imali eyengeziwe nokuthi uyihoxise nini utshalomali lwakho ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa okukhulu futhi uvikele isimiso sakho sokulala esinempilo.
3. Kulungile Ukwenza Amaphutha:
UPetru uvame ukuthi, “Abanqobi benu mabagijime, ninqume abanihluliwe. Kulula ukwenza iphutha wenze okuphambene nokukhipha izimbali bese unisela ukhula.”
Ngokukusho lokho, u-Peter uzama ukuveza lokho emakethe yamasheya, ukwenza amaphutha kuvamile, kodwa ungavumeli ukubuyela emuva kwakho konakalise isasasa lakho lokutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe. Kunalokho, ongakwenza ukuthi, uhlaziye i-investimenti yakho, bhala phansi amaqiniso ophuthelwe ukuwahlanganisa, thola amaphutha, futhi usebenzise ucwaningo lwakho olusha ukuze wenze ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kulunge futhi wengeze okutholakele okusha ohlwini lwakho lokuhlola ukuze uthole impumelelo ekutshalweni kwakho kwekusasa.
ULynch watshala imali ezitokisini eziningi phakathi nohambo lwakhe lokutshala imali, lapho abanye bamnika inzuzo ephindwe kashumi kanye nokuba maphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, wenza isiphetho esisodwa mayelana nenzuzo ephindwe kashumi futhi waqamba izitoko ezinjalo ngegama elithi "i-bagger eyishumi" ukuthi amasheya anjalo awokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside futhi angeke kuxoxwe ngawo ukuze adayiswe kuze kube yilapho amandla azo ayisisekelo eshintsha kakhulu.
Isifundo: Kufanele ubekezele mayelana nezikhwama zakho eziyishumi noma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesitoko esisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ujabulele ukudla kwesifundo esigcwele lapho sifinyelela ekuvuthweni.
4. Yiba Ngaphambili Kodwa Ungasheshi:
UPeter Lynch wake wathi,
“Ngiye ngicabange ukutshala imali ezinkampanini ezikhulayo nge-baseball. Uma uthenga ngaphambi kokuthi kumenyezelwe uhlelo. Uzifaka engozini ngokungadingekile.”
Ngalo mcabango, uPeter uzama ukusho ukuthi ukutshala imali ezinkampanini ezikhulayo, okusho ukuqala ngamathuba angcono wesikhathi esizayo, kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okuhle ngocwaningo olufanele. Kodwa ukutshala imali kuzo zonke iziqalo ulindele ukuzuza kangcono esikhathini esizayo ngaphandle kokuhlaziya amafa abo kufana nokufaka isandla sakho emphandwini wezingonyama.
Ungawuqonda futhi lo mcabango ngokungathathi izinqumo kusenesikhathi ngoba ezinye izinkampani ziqala ukuthola amathuba amasha ngobuningi futhi zithole imali engenayo engcono. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nezinga lezinsizakalo zabo eziqinile noma ezilulazayo, bangase balahlekelwe udumo lwabo.
Ngakho-ke, ungatshali imali ezinkampanini kusenesikhathi kakhulu, kodwa linda ukukhokha kwazo emakethe futhi uthathe ithuba lokwenza isivumelwano sakho nazo ngaphambi kokuba zinyuse amanani azo.
Isifundo: Faka imali ezinkampanini emzuliswaneni wabo wesibili noma wesithathu wokuthola imali ngoba sebevele bafakazela ikhono labo futhi bazifezile izethembiso zabo kubatshalizimali. Futhi, ezinkampanini ezisohlwini, ngingancoma ukuthi ubheke okungenani amakota ama-4 okuthunyelwe kwe-IPO.
5. Ubuhlakani Bempumelelo:
UPeter wayehlale eqhathanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya nezobuciko nesayensi. Futhi lawa kwakungamazwi akhe aqondile, "Ukwenza imali emakethe yamasheya kuyinhlanganisela yesayensi, ubuciko, nomsebenzi wemilenze."
Kungani esho kanje? Ake siqonde incazelo yalo:
Okubalulekile kwezinkampani nezici ezilukiwe zinobudlelwano obuqondile obushiwo nobudlelwano bazo bembangela-nomphumela. Ngamazwi alula, ngisho umcimbi owodwa noma omncane ongemuhle enkampanini ungaba nomthelela ngokwedlulele ezintengo zayo zesitoko.
Ngakho-ke, maqondana nezobuciko nesayensi, umuntu utshala imali enkampanini ngaphambi kokutshala imali. Uphenyo ludinga ithalente lokubuza umbuzo olungile kumuntu ofanele ukuze uthole impendulo eseduze, ikusize wenze isinqumo, ukuthi uzotshala noma cha.
Imibuzo ingaba:
- Kungani inkampani ibhekane nesimo semakethe esikhathini esidlule?
- Yini eyabangela lokho esikhathini esidlule?
- Balulama kanjani?
- Ingabe akhona amathuba okuthi le nkampani ibhekane nenkinga efanayo?
- Lesi simo esidlule siyivula kanjani inkampani esikhathini esizayo?
Isifundo: Uma ungumtshali-zimali ofana nalo obuza imibuzo enjalo ngaphambi kokutshala imali, zibone ungumtshali-zimali onobuchule nonekhono.
6. Isikhathi Esiphezulu:
U-Peter akakaze alandele igama elithi "isikhathi sokuthenga imakethe", kodwa esikhundleni salokho, wathi, "Imali eningi kakhulu elahlekile abatshalizimali abalungiselela ukulungiswa noma ukuzama ukulindela ukulungiswa kunalokho elahlekile ekulungiseni ngokwabo."
Njengoba ubonile futhi ngenhla, uPetru wayehlale eluleka ukuphishekela ukutshalwa kwezimali isikhathi eside ngekhwalithi yamasheya / amasheya aphezulu, kodwa kanye nalokhu, wathi futhi angazibophezeli kuze kube phakade ngaleso sitoko.
Ngikholelwa ukuthi wenza iphuzu lokuthi angahoxisi amasheya ekhwalithi kusenesikhathi kodwa alinde isikhathi esifanele sokukwenza kunokuba abambelele kukho isikhathi esingaphezu kwesidingo.
U-Peter uphinde waphikelela ekugcineni ishidi lokutshala izimali futhi alibuyekeze njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze alihlole:
- Kungani uyithenge kwasekuqaleni?
- Zaziyini izisekelo zayo?
- Baqhuba kanjani kunakuqala?
- Yiziphi izinguquko eziyisisekelo zabo?
- Ingabe likhona ithemba lokunamathela kukho isikhathi esengeziwe?
- Noma kufanele ngiyihoxise, ngizuze inzuzo, bese ngivala isahluko?
Ngokuhlaziya nokuphendula le mibuzo, ungakwazi ukuvula amathuba amasha okuthenga isitoko esiningi uma amandla aso eshintsha uma ekhona amathuba okubuya, noma uwadayisele omunye umuntu ngezindleko ezingcono kakhulu futhi uthole inzuzo.
Isifundo: U-Peter ngaso sonke isikhathi wayesebenzisa lolu hlu lokuhlola ukuze azuze ngokugcwele ekutshaleni kwakhe emakethe yamasheya, ongakwenza okufanayo ngokungeza ohlwini lwakho lokuhlola lokutshala izimali.
7. Zitholele Wena:
Ebona futhi ebona ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yamasheya, uPeter wahlukanisa imakethe ngamalebula ayisithupha:
- Abalimi Abanensayo: Lesi sigaba sezinkampani sikhulu, sivuthiwe, sizinzile, futhi kufanelekile ukutshala imali kuso uma ufuna imali engenayo engaguquki. Bakhokha kakhulu izabelo kubatshalizimali abanesilinganiso sokunyuka konyaka esingu-8-10%. Kodwa uPeter akabatholi ngempela behlobene ngokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
- Ama-Stalwarts: Lesi sigaba sezinkampani sinamathuba aphezulu okukhula, namazinga angaba ngu-12-18% ngonyaka.
- Abalimi Abasheshayo: Lesi sigaba sezinkampani sinenzuzo ngokwesikhathi esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ungacwaninga izinkampani ezinjalo, wenze utshalomali, futhi unamathele kukho kuze kufike ukubuyiselwa okulindelekile. isb, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala uthole i-Titan kulesi sigaba; inani layo lesitoko lalingu-3 INR ngo-2003, futhi manje, lilinganiselwa ku-2491.85 - 2550 INR isitoko ngasinye.
- I-Cyclical: U-Peter Lynch ubheka lesi sigaba njengesethenjwa kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezimali, njengoba izinkampani zaso ngokuvamile zizibandakanya nemikhiqizo yokunethezeka namathrendi omjikelezo. UPeter uthi bahlangabezana nokuguquguquka okuningi ngesikhathi esithile, okusho ukuthi uma bengena emakethe engalungile, bahlangabezana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, futhi uma emakethe efanele, bathola inzuzo ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthole amasheya anjalo, utshale imali kuwo ngesikhathi sokuphumula, futhi uwathengise ngokuthola ithuba elifanele. Amafemu ezimoto awela kulesi sigaba.
- Ukushintsha: Ezimakethe zamasheya, uzothola izinkampani eziningi amagrafu azo ehlayo futhi asezowa, kodwa kunezikhathi lapho izinkampani eziningi ziphendule amatafula azo enzuzweni ephakeme ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubantu abasengozini, amafemu anjalo kufanele atshale imali, anikeze izinzuzo eziphezulu ngezingozi ezinkulu.
- Ukudlala kwefa: Lezi zigaba zezinkampani zinempahla eminingi evalwe amehlo yimakethe futhi ibukelwa phansi. Lapha, izimpahla zingaba ukheshi, okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuthengisa izindlu, njll. Abatshalizimali abaningi abazazisi lezi zimpahla nezinkampani ngesikhathi sabo sokungasebenzi. Izitoko zezinkampani ezinjalo zingahlukaniswa yimakethe lapho izimpahla zazo zisebenza.
Isiphetho:
UPeter Lynch ubeka isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke njengomtshali-zimali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usanda kuqala uhambo lwakho lokutshala izimali noma uphakathi kwalo, ukuphindaphinda iseluleko sakhe emqondweni wakho kungakusiza uthole imbuyiselo engcono.
Ngakho-ke, zifunde futhi uma uzizwa ukufanele ukuzifunda.
Ingabe unokungabaza?
Sazise esigabeni sokuphawula. Ngingajabula ukukusula.
shiya impendulo