Iyiphi iphothifoliyo efanelekile yabantu abaholayo?
Ngibuzwa lo mbuzo ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi abantu, ezikhathini eziningi, bayazabalaza ukubamba impendulo enginayo. Ngakho-ke, nginqume ukuthatha leli thuba ukwabelana ngemicabango yami ngalesi sihloko ngokwethula uhlaka lwethiyori olulandelwa isiqondiso esithile.
Sicela wazi ukuthi lesi akusona iseluleko sezezimali. Izinqumo zokwakhiwa kwephothifoliyo nokwabiwa zincike ezimweni ezithile zomtshali-zimali ngamunye.
Uma ungumuntu okhokhelwayo ongakwazi ukucacisa indlela yokwakha nokwaba imali yakho yezimali, lesi sihloko sizokunikeza ngohlaka olunengqondo okufanele lukwenze uqalise. Ukuze uthole izeluleko ezinemininingwane, thintana nomeluleki wezokutshalwa kwezimali.
Asambe ke.
Iphothifoliyo Yabantu Abaholayo - Ukusetha Umgomo
Ukubeka imigomo kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwephothifoliyo. Sidinga ukwazi umgomo iphothifoliyo ezophokophela ukuhlangabezana nayo. Lesi silungiselelo somgomo sisinika:
- izinga elaziwayo lembuyiselo eqondiwe;
- izinga elaziwayo lengozi okufanele uliqondise;
- umkhathizwe otholakalayo
Emhlabeni wangempela, abatshalizimali bangase babe nemigomo eminingi. Umgomo ngamunye uzoba nomthelela ekhonweni lephothifoliyo iyonke ukubanelisa. Umtshali-zimali angafundiswa ukubeka phambili imigomo uma iphothifoliyo inganele noma okulindelwe kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukugcina izinto zilula, ngenhloso yalesi sihloko, sizokwenza imibono ethile. Lezi izi:
- Umtshali-zimali unomgomo owodwa kuphela, okungukuthi, ukugcina izinga lakhe lokuphila kuze kufike empeshenini ngokusekelwe eholweni lokugcina elithathiwe elilungiselwe ukwehla kwamandla emali;
- Iminyaka yokungena emsebenzini yiminyaka engama-25 futhi umhlalaphansi uma umtshali-zimali eseneminyaka engama-60 ubudala;
- I-dividend & fixed Income ekhiqizwa iphothifoliyo iphinde itshalwe.
Iphothifoliyo Yabantu Abakhokhelwayo - Umqondo Womsebenzi Wabantu
Ayikho ingxoxo emayelana nokuphathwa kwephothifoliyo ezophela ngaphandle uma sibheka isamba semali yomtshali-zimali. Lena imali eyinhloko yezimali (iphothifoliyo) kanye amandla abantu.
Yonke imali engenayo yesikhathi esizayo evela kwezamabhizinisi noma amaholo atholwa namuhla achazwa njengemali yabantu. Leli inani lamanje elehliswe ngenani elicatshangwayo. Imali yabantu iphezulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kwempilo yomuntu yokusebenza futhi iphansi kakhulu eduze noma lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi.
Osomabhizinisi nabantu abazisebenzayo bathathwa njengabantu abamele ukulingana. Akuqiniseki ukuthi nini & malini futhi umuntu ozisebenzelayo uzoyenza nini.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokulinganayo akufani kakhulu. Ukuthi inkampani iyamemezela a i-dividend noma cha futhi kuzoba ukuziphatha kwenani lamasheya akukwazi ukulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, isici sobungozi siphezulu.
Ngokufanayo, kubantu abaholayo, imali yabantu kuthiwa imele kakhulu imali engenayo engaguquki. Umuntu oholayo uthola iholo elinqunyiwe, elivamile njalo ngenyanga.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemali engenayo okugxilile akufani kakhulu. Inzalo inkampani eyikhokhayo kumabhondi ayo kanye nezinsuku zawo zingamodelwa. Ngakho-ke, isici sobungozi siphansi.
Ngakho-ke, kosomabhizinisi kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo abanemali efana nokulingana kwabantu, ukwabiwa kwephothifoliyo kufanele kuthambekele emalini engenayo engashintshi. Ngokufanayo, kubantu abaholayo abanemali engenayo engaguquki njengemali yabantu, isabelo sephothifoliyo kufanele sibhalwe ukuthi sibheke ukulingana.
Iphothifoliyo Yabantu Abaholayo - Ezinye Izinto
Ukucatshangelwa kwezici zenani labantu ngokwehlukana kungaba lula kakhulu ukwenza izinqumo zokwabiwa kwephothifoliyo. Umuntu kumelwe azazise ezinye izici.
Industry
Abasebenzi abaningi izimboni zama-cyclical njengezimpahla, izimoto, usimende, insimbi, nezinto zokwakha zisengozini kakhulu kunezisebenzi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezemfundo.
Lezi zimboni zenza kahle uma inzalo iphansi, uxhaso lwamabhange lutholakala ngeshibhile nomnotho uyadlondlobala. Hlehlisa lezi zici, futhi uthole ukuthi lezi zimboni zidonsa kanzima.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yomjikelezo walezi zimboni, sibona ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwamaholo libonisa ukuhlukahluka kanye nenkokhelo ehlobene nokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi imali yomuntu oshiwo iyafana nemali engenayo engaguquki.
Kunjalo nangomuntu ozisebenzelayo onenkampani eyenza imithi noma umanyolo. Ngaphandle kwezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu njengempi, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, nendlala, isidingo semikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zalawa mabhizinisi zihlala ziqinile.
Izici zomjikelezo ezifana nezilinganiso zenzalo, inqubomgomo yemali, noma izinga lokukhula azinawo umthelela ophezulu kulezi zimboni. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi imali yosomabhizinisi ayifani nokulingana.
Ubudala
Ukwabiwa kwephothifoliyo kufanele futhi kubheke iminyaka yomtshali-zimali. Isabelo esiphezulu sokulingana sincanyelwa kumuntu oneminyaka engu-25 osanda kuqala umsebenzi wakhe.
Uma imakethe iba negethivu, isikhathi eside isikhathi sokuya empeshenini ivumela ukuthi ukulahleka kwephothifoliyo yesikhashana kubuyiselwe.
Leli khono eliphakeme lokuthatha ubungozi liyancipha njengeminyaka yomuntu oholayo. Eminyakeni engama-50 ubudala, izabelo ze-equity kwiphothifoliyo kufanele zibe yidlanzana futhi zingabi khona eduze noma lapho usuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi noma eduze, umuntu akanakho ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi sokubuyisela ukuntengantenga kwesikhashana ezimakethe zamasheya futhi ngaleyo ndlela uba sengozini yokushoda kwephothifoliyo lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi.
Isimo sengqondo Engozini
Njengabatshalizimali, kubalulekile ukuqonda isimo sengqondo somuntu engozini. Esimweni sethu, amathuba okuthi iphothifoliyo yehluleke ukufeza umgomo oshiwo ngomkhawulo othile abizwa ngokuthi ubungozi.
Abatshalizimali kudingeka baqaphele imiphumela yokuzifaka engozini okunjalo kumaphothifoliyo abo, izinjongo zokutshala izimali nezinga lokuphila. Ukubekezelela ubungozi obuphezulu kakhulu noma obuphansi kakhulu kungaholela ezinqumweni zephothifoliyo ezingafaneleki futhi ekugcineni kungasebenzi kahle iphothifoliyo.
diversification
Njengabatshalizimali, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kubhekwe ukuhlukahluka. Lokhu kube nomthelela kukho kokubili ukukhetha kwezigaba zempahla nokukhethwa kokuvikela phakathi kwesigaba sempahla.
Ngokwesiko, abatshalizimali bakhe amaphothifoliyo ngokukhipha imali phakathi kwe-equity kanye ne-fixed-income investments. Kube nokuncane okungacatshangwa ngakho okunye ukutshalwa kwemali, ezingase zisebenze njengezithuthukisi zokubuyisela noma izinciphisi zobungozi.
Le threndi isishintshile futhi manje sinobufakazi obuqinile bokusekela ukuthi amaphothifoliyo ahlukahlukene anohlobo oluthile lokuchayeka kokunye ukutshalwa kwezimali, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuthengisa izindlu (uthango lokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwehlukanisa ubungozi);
- I-Hedge funds (ukwandisa ukubuyisela futhi uhlukanise ubungozi);
- Izimpahla (uthango lokwehla kwamandla emali olunamandla okukhula kwembuyiselo kanye nobungozi obuhlukahlukene);
- Ukulingana kwangasese (ukwandisa imbuyiselo nobungozi obuhlukahlukene);
- Izimpahla zedijithali (Khuphula imbuyiselo nobungozi obuhlukahlukene).
Uma sekushiwo lokho, ukugadwa kwemithetho kanye nezithiyo zokungena kuvimbela ukutholakala kweziningi zalezi zimoto zokutshala imali kumuntu oholayo ojwayelekile.
Ngokufanayo, ukucabanga kwendabuko emgwaqweni kuphinde kuhlonze nokubamba izibambiso ezimbili noma ezintathu ezishisayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kuholela ekuqondeni kwesikhathi esifushane ekuphishekeleni imigomo yesikhathi eside nokuhweba ngokweqile.
Izinqumo ezinjalo ezingafaneleki kufanele zigwenywe futhi abantu abaholayo kufanele bakhethe amasu okutshala imali angenzi lutho kunalawo asebenzayo. Lokhu kungenxa yamasu okutshala imali angenzi lutho:
- Thumela ucwaningo nenqubo kochwepheshe;
- Nika amandla ukuhlukahluka;
- Vumela umtshali-zimali ukuthi agxile emsebenzini wakhe nomndeni wakhe.
Iphothifoliyo Ephelele Yabantu Abakhokhelwayo
Manje sisebenzisa isizinda sethu ngokwakha iphothifoliyo yabantu abaholayo ngesampula. Ngokubona kwami, lena yindlela engingathanda ukuzenzela ngayo izinto.
Iphothifoliyo Efanelekile Yomuntu Okhokhelwayo - Iminyaka yobudala: 25 kuya ku-3
Siyabona ukuthi:
- Lena iphothifoliyo ene-orientation enobungozi obukhulu ngenxa ye-horizon yesikhathi eside etholakalayo;
- Umkhathizwe wesikhathi eside usivumela ukuthi sabe imali enkulu (85%) Ukukhula kwesitoko Izimali, lezimpahla Izimali & Cryptocurrency.
- Umqondo uwukwenza iminikelo evamile kwiphothifoliyo ngokonga kanye nephothifoliyo yemali engenayo engashintshi ukuze kwakhiwe izikhundla kancane kancane.
Iphothifoliyo Efanelekile Yomuntu Okhokhelwayo - Iminyaka yobudala: 35 kuya ku-44
Singabona ukuthi:
- I-Equity ne-Commodity inemali encane eyabelwe yona;
- Imali engenayo engaguquki inemali eningi eyabelwe yona;
- Izindlu ezithengiswayo zinemali eyabelwe yona ngokutshalwa kwezimali kuyo ama-trust okutshalwa kwezindlu noma indawo ebonakalayo;
- Futhi, kugxilwe lapha ukuhlanganisa okuzuziwe kusukela esikhathini sokugcina kuyimizamo yokuhlukanisa ubungozi (u-45% wesabelo semali engenayo engaguquki, Izimali Zezimpahla kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo) kuyilapho kugcinwa isu elisindayo lokukhulisa imali enkulu enesabelo esikhulu (55%) sokukhula kwesitoko kanye I-Cryptocurrency.
- Futhi, asinandaba nokuntengantenga kwesikhashana njengoba umkhathi wethu wokutshala imali uhlala unobude.
Iphothifoliyo Efanelekile Yomuntu Okhokhelwayo - Iminyaka yobudala: 45 kuya ku-54
Singabona ukuthi:
- Njengoba sekusele iminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphansi nje kumgomo wethu wokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kubalulekile manje ukuqeda izici eziyingozi kakhulu zephothifoliyo yethu;
- A isikhwama sokulandelela inkomba ye-passive ingena esikhundleni sesikhwama se-Growth Stock ngesabelo sisonke esincishisiwe;
- Imali engenayo engaguquki kanye nezindlu ezithengiswayo zinemali eningi eyabelwe zona;
- I-Commodity kanye ne-Cryptocurrency inemali encane eyabelwe yona;
- Njengoba kungase kucatshangwe, kulesi sigaba iphothifoliyo ayinakho ukunethezeka kokuziba ukuguquguquka kwesikhashana futhi iphathelene nokuhlanganisa izinzuzo, ukuvikela ngokumelene nokwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nokukhomba ukwazisa kwekhephithali ngendlela encane enolaka.
Iphothifoliyo Efanelekile Yomuntu Okhokhelwayo - Iminyaka yobudala: 55 kuya ku-60
Singabona ukuthi:
- Njengoba kusondela umhlalaphansi, manje kugxilwa kakhulu ekulondolozweni okuyinhloko nasekukhiqizeni imali ukuze kwenyuswe inani eliphelele lephothifoliyo ngendlela elinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, i-90% yemali enkulu yabelwe imali engenayo engaguquki kanye nezakhiwo.
- Esinye isabelo sobungozi sihlala silingana “nokukhahlela” emizamweni yokuqongelela imali.
Umhlalaphansi:
Ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi, asikho isidingo semizamo eyingozi.
Umgomo wephothifoliyo manje uwukukhokhela izindleko zakhe zokuphila ukuze athathe umhlalaphansi. Ngakho-ke, iphothifoliyo enesisindo esilinganayo yakhiwa phakathi kwezimali ezingenayo i-fixed-income & real estate.
Isiphetho
Kungalinganiswa ngengxoxo engenhla ukuthi ayikho impendulo eyodwa kuphothifoliyo ephelele yabantu abaholayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, impendulo izoncika ezintweni eziningi futhi singase sisebenzise ukuhlaziywa komjikelezo wempilo njengesiqondiso sokwakha iphothifoliyo efanelekile yabantu abaholayo.
Yaziswa ukuthi lolu wuhlaka nje, njengoba izimo zomhlaba wangempela zingase zibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngemigomo eminingi engase ingalindi kuze kube yilapho uthatha umhlalaphansi.
Ngakho-ke, ngiyakukhuthaza ukuthi ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe mayelana nezinqumo zakho zephothifoliyo.
shiya impendulo