URay Dalio ungomunye wabatshalizimali abanekhono emhlabeni futhi ungumsunguli we-hedge fund ephumelele kakhulu - i-Bridgewater Associates.
Kusukela ekusekelweni kuze kube ngoMashi 2021, i-Bridgewater Associates yayinezimpahla ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-140 zama-USD ngaphansi kokuphathwa. Ngokusho kwe Isihloko seForbes, Ingqikithi yenani lika-Ray Dalio libalwa cishe ku-20 bhiliyoni we-USD.
URay wenze izigidigidi zakhe ngokufunda kokwedlule kanye nokutshala imali ngokusekelwe kulokho akutholile. Kulo lonke uhambo lwakhe njengomtshali-zimali, uRay Dalio wayekholelwa futhi usakholelwa ekutholeni inzuzo esitokweni ezibizayo ukuze aphinde atshale imali esikhundleni sokusebenzisa indlela yokuthenga nokubamba.
Amafilosofi kaRay Dalio okutshala imali alula. Kodwa okungase kuzwakale kulula kakhulu ekuqaleni kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange.
Ungathola okwengeziwe ngezinkolelo zakhe mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya ezincwadini zakhe, Izimiso (2017), Izimiso Zokubhekana nokushintsha kwe-oda lomhlaba (2021), futhi Izimiso Zokuzulazula Ezinkingeni Ezinkulu Zezikweletu (2018).
Kulezi zincwadi, ukhulume ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya, amaphutha akhe, ukuthi wawanqoba kanjani amaphutha akhe, kanye nezifundo ezibalulekile zokuba umtshali-zimali omuhle.
Ngiyazi ukuthi uze lapha ukuze uthole izindlela ezifakazelwe zokuba ngumtshali-zimali ongcono; ungakhathazeki! Ngikukhavelile.
Ngizifundile lezi zincwadi ezibhalwe ngu-Ray Dalio futhi ngaqoqa ezinye zezifundo zakhe ezithakazelisayo zokutshala izimali ezimakethe zamasheya okufanele uzazi.
Ngakho-ke, ake singene emhlabeni wokutshalwa kwezimali njengoba kuphakanyiswe uRay Dalio.
1. Izimiso Zibalulekile
Encwadini yakhe ethi-Principles, uRay ukhulume ngokuthenjwa ezimisweni ezamsiza ukuba athwale umsebenzi ophumelelayo womtshalizimali ngokwenza izinqumo ezifanele. URay wake wathi,
Ngaphandle kwezimiso, ubuyophoqeleka ukuba usabele ezimweni eziza kuwe ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuthi yini oyithanda kakhulu nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ukuze uthole lokho okufunayo. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekusebenziseni ngokugcwele ukuphila kwakho.”
Uma unezimiso, zizoqondisa izenzo zakho. Kuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa inani lokuthatha izinqumo okufanele kwenziwe phakathi kwezinxushunxushu ukuze izinqumo zithathwe ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Izimiso zihloselwe ukukusiza wenze izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ezimweni eziningi ezihlukahlukene.
Ayikho indlela yokugwema amaphutha ekutshalweni kwezimali, kodwa ukuba nezimiso ezinhle kungakusiza unciphise ukuvama nokushuba kwazo.
URay Dalio uzama ukusho ngokudlulisela imicabango enjalo ukuthi, ohambweni lwakho njengokutshalwa kwezimali, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi -
- Chaza izidingo zakho
- Thola izimpahla zakho ezifanele noma izitoko ongatshala kuzo ngokwethembeka ngezidingo zakho
- Hlela isu lokutshala imali ukuze uthole imbuyiselo ecatshangwayo
- Hlala uzimisele ngesu lakho lokutshala imali futhi ujabulele impumelelo yakho nempilo yabatshali-zimali ecebile.
2. Zenzele Ucwaningo
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uRay wakwenza umkhuba ukukhipha omagazini abaningi ekhuluma futhi ebonisa imiphumela yaminyaka yonke yempumelelo yezinkampani ezizuzisayo kanye namagrafu okuwa. Ngemva kokwenza iqoqo lakhe ledatha mayelana nezinkampani, wayevame ukuthola amasheya azotshala kuwo futhi enze isu lakhe eliyingqayizivele, ngalinye lokutshala izimali.
Isimo sakhe sengqondo sokwenza izifundo zakhe ukuze athole impumelelo siholele ekuphathweni okuhle eBridgewater Associates.
URay Dalio wake wathi,
"Ukuze wenze imali ezimakethe, kufanele ucabange ngokuzimela futhi uthobeke"
Akwenzeki ukwazi yonke into nganoma yini, kodwa akwenzeki kakhulu ukwazi yonke into ngento eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enesiphithiphithi njengohlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke kufanele uzenzele owakho umqondo ngezinto, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuvele uthembele kulokho abanye abantu abakutshela kona. Kufanele uzicabangele wena.
Ngakho-ke, njengoRay Dalio, ungawi ngocwaningo lomunye umuntu ngaphandle kokwenza olwakho ukuze uthole impumelelo yakho eyingqayizivele.
3. Yiba Nenkampani Yabantu Ongafunda Kubo Okuthile Okusha
Ohambweni lwakhe lokuqala lwabatshalizimali, uRay Dalio wayehlale elungiselela futhi ebuza imibuzo kubatshalizimali ayebabheka njengemihle emisebenzini yabo. Wayebheke ukuthi abatshalizimali bacabanga kanjani ngekusasa lomnotho nezimakethe, njengoba enza manje.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wathuthukisa le nqubo yaba indlela ehlelekile yokucabanga ngezwe nokuthi iziphi izenzakalo okungenzeka zenzeka kuwo ngokusungula isethi yezimiso ezaziyomsiza ukuba enze lokhu.
Le ndlela yokucabanga ngomhlaba yaholela empumelelweni yakhe yokuqala yokutshala imali lapho ebikezela futhi etshala endaweni ye-stagflation eyaqala ngo-1968.
"Bheka abantu abanemibuzo eminingi emihle. Abantu abahlakaniphile yibo ababuza imibuzo ecatshangelwayo, ngokuphambene nokucabanga ukuthi banazo zonke izimpendulo. Imibuzo emihle iyinkomba engcono kakhulu yempumelelo yesikhathi esizayo kunezimpendulo ezinhle."
U-Dalio akakaze adale isigaba semisebenzi, ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthi ngisho nomgundi wezinwele, umpheki, noma umholi wezindlu ezithengiswayo angaba ngumtshali-zimali omuhle. Wayekholelwa ekucabangeni ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Wasebenzisa inqubo yakhe yokucabanga ukuze athole indlela efanele yokuphenya isitoko, athathe ukukhetha okufanele futhi enze inzuzo ephakeme.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ubona noma yimuphi umtshali-zimali enza umsebenzi wakhe kahle kakhulu, hlala umbuza imibuzo ethile, engakusiza uthuthukise izindlela zakho zokutshala imali futhi ikusize uthole inzuzo engcono.
4. Hlaziya Ukuze Uthole Impumelelo Yekusasa
Akufani nabo bonke abatshalizimali abaphumelelayo njalo bathola impumelelo ekutshalweni kwabo.
Cha, akunjalo! Kodwa babenezilinganiso eziphakeme zokunemba ekubikezeleni ukukhula kwenkampani abatshale kuyo imali. Bawenzile amaphutha esikhathini sabo esidlule, kodwa njalo bavame ukuhlaziya amaphutha abo futhi bafunde ukungawaphindi. Futhi uRay ubelokhu esekela inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo ngokuhlaziya okuphelele.
URay, kusukela esafunda, wafunda ukwamukela ukuhluleka kwakhe njengomphumela wamaphutha akhe noma abanye. Wayehlala ethatha ukwehluleka njengendlela enhle yokulungisa amaphutha futhi aphumelele nakakhulu ekubikezeleni impumelelo yokutshalwa kwezimali.
Esinye sezihluthulelo ezinkulu zokwandisa amandla ukukhululeka ngokuhluleka. Abantu abaningi bayesaba kakhulu ukwehluleka ngoba bafuna ukugwema ukubukeka kabi noma ukuzizwa benamahloni. Kodwa uma ungakwazi ukunqoba lokho kwesaba, khona-ke ungafunda ngokushesha, uthuthukise ngokushesha futhi udlule imingcele yakho yamanje.
Ngakho-ke, njalo wamukele ubuthakathaka bakho, buhlaziye, funda kubo, futhi ube yimpumelelo ngokuzayo ukuze uthole impumelelo. Ungalokothi ube namahloni ngamaphutha ngoba amaphutha yiwona adlala indima ephumelelayo ekwenzeni i-PRO yakho ohambweni lwakho lokutshala imali.
5. Dala Iphothifoliyo Yakho Yokutshalwa Kwezimali Egcwele Ukuhlukahluka
Ngokuhlaziya indlela kaRay yokutshala imali, ngithole ukuthi wayekholelwa ekutholeni amathuba okutshala imali emikhakheni ehlukene kunokugxila ohlotsheni olulodwa lwebhizinisi. Ngisho naseBridgewater Associates, ukwazile ukwakha iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene enezabelo zempahla ezixubile.
“Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongaba nayo wukuhlanganisa amasu okwabiwa kwempahla. Ngakho-ke, lokho umtshali-zimali okudingeka akwenze ukuba nephothifoliyo ehlelekile, ehlelekile - iphothifoliyo eyenza kahle ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ee angazi ukuthi sizowina. Kufanele sibe nokubheja okuhlukahlukene.”
Umqondo oyisisekelo wephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali ehlukahlukene ukunciphisa ubungozi. Kanjani? Ngokutshala izimali ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ezihlukene zokutshalwa kwezimali, uyakwazi ukunciphisa ubungozi bokulahlekelwa imali ohlotsheni olulodwa lokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphandle kokunciphisa imbuyiselo yakho iyonke.
Ungakwazi futhi ukukhuphula izinga ozuza ngalo imali ngokungeza izinhlobo ezintsha nezihlukile zokutshalwa kwezimali kuphothifoliyo yakho. Ungakwazi futhi ukunciphisa ubungozi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani noma ezinye izinhlangano otshala kuzo zisebenza ezimbonini ezihlukene futhi zisebenzisa amamodeli wokusebenza ahlukene. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma imboni eyodwa, njengemboni yezimoto, iba ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezinzima kwezomnotho, usazoba nokunye ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaphazanyiswa umnotho ompofu.
Iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene akufanele ifake nje amasheya ezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, kodwa namabhondi kanye izimali zomphakathi. Ungase ufune ukwengeza ukuthengisa izindlu kuphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali uma unemali yokwenza lokho. Izindlu ezithengiswayo ziyimpahla ephathekayo engahlala ithengiswe ngemali futhi ingaqashwa ngenkathi ubambelele kuyo ukuze ukhiqize imali engenayo.
Izimo zakho zomuntu siqu zizosho ukuthi iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene ibukeka kanjani kuwe. Uma unemali eningi yokutshala imali, kuzoba nezinketho eziningi zokusabalalisa ubungozi bakho.
Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi utshala imali ezitokisini, qiniseka ukuthi amasheya akho abhalansi kahle futhi ahlelekile ngokwezimboni. Le phothifoliyo izokusiza ukuthi uthole inzuzo enkampanini eyodwa uma omunye umkhakha uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa.
6. Tshala Ezindaweni Onentshisekelo kuzo
URay uhlala ethi,
"Ingozi ikhula ngenxa yokungazi ukuthi ubandakanyeka kuphi."
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya kufuna ukucwaninga okujulile, futhi ngalokho, intshisekelo yakho yokwazi ngohlobo oluthile iyadingeka. Uma ungenayo intshisekelo kusitoko esithile, ngeke ukwazi ukujula mayelana nenkampani njengoba uyithola iyisicefe noma iwumthwalo, ngakho thola inkampani ongase ube nentshisekelo kuyo.
UWarren Buffett, umtshali-zimali omkhulu kunabo bonke owake waba khona, futhi ukhuthaza ukutshala imali ezintweni oziqondayo. Lokhu kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi uma ungakuqondi, awukwazi ukukubikezela, futhi uma ungakwazi ukukubikezela, awazi noma akubukelwa phansi.
7. Ungalokothi Ube Umenzi Wezinqumo Osebenzayo
Emakethe yamasheya, akukho okuqinisekile - kunezinsuku lapho inkampani ithola igrafu eqhubekayo kanye nokwehla. Ngakho-ke, lapho inkampani eyenza kahle ihlangabezana nokuwa ngokuzumayo - ungasukumi ukubuyisela utshalomali lwakho ngokuthengisa amasheya ngenzuzo enkulu, kodwa themba ucwaningo lwakho, namathela kulo, futhi uthole umkhawulo wenzuzo yakho.
URay Dalio wake wathi,
Lesi simo ungasihlobanisa nesimo samanje sempi yaseRussia-Ukraine lapho imakethe yomhlaba wonke iphahlazeka. Abatshalizimali abaningi basebenzise leli thuba ukuze bathenge amasheya ezinkampanini ezinhle ngamanani aphansi, futhi abanye bakhala izinyembezi lapho bethengisa amasheya abo ngokulahlekelwa.
Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, yiba yisigaba sokuqala somtshali-zimali ukuthola amathuba ngisho nasekuweni kwemakethe ngocwaningo lwakho oluqinile ukuze uthole inzuzo ephezulu esikhathini esizayo.
8. Yonke Into Inosuku Lwayo Lokuphelelwa Isikhathi
Abatshalizimali abaningi benza amaphutha ngokucabangela isenzakalo esisodwa esibi njengomphumela wempilo yonke.
URay Dalio akakholelwa ezinkolelweni ezinjalo; uthi - akukho okuhlala phakade, impumelelo noma ukuwa. Uma uqinisekile ngocwaningo lwakho nokucabanga kwakho, uzothola impumelelo, kodwa ukungabaza kwakho okukodwa ocwaningweni lwakho kungakwenza uhlangabezane nokuwa kwakho.
Futhi, izitoko ebezivame ukunikeza inzuzo ephezulu esikhathini esidlule zingase zingakuniki imbuyiselo efanayo esikhathini esizayo.
“Ekuhwebeni kumele uzivikele futhi ube nolaka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma ungenalo ulaka, ngeke wenze imali, futhi uma ungazivikela, ngeke uyigcine imali.”
URay ufuna wazi ukuthi uma utshala imali esitokweni, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuqhubeka kwenkampani njalo. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma inkampani iqhubekela phambili ngeshejuli, uzokwazi ukuthi ucwaningo lwakho belulungile. Kodwa uma inkampani ihlangabezana nezinkinga, ungathatha utshalomali lwakho kwenye indawo. Iso elibukhali lezindawo otshalile kuzo liyisihluthulelo sokuba ngumtshali-zimali ophumelelayo.
Efingqa
Ngakho-ke, ohambweni lokutshala imali lukaRay Dalio, nazi izinto ezibalulekile ozithathele zona:
- Chaza izimiso, zilandele kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi ungalokothi ukhungathekiswe ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo okungelona olwakho.
- Funda emaphutheni akho ukwenza utshalomali olufanele.
- Ungalokothi ukhethe indlela eyisidina, kodwa indlela enezimanga eziningi, kodwa ekholisayo futhi enenzuzo.
- Thola izintshisekelo zakho futhi wenze amafa akho.
- Hlaziya, futhi ufunde emaphutheni akho. Kulungile ukwenza amaphutha, ukuthola impumelelo.
- Ungalokothi ugijimele ezinqumweni ngesikhathi esibucayi, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zamasheya.
- Khumbula, impumelelo kanye nokuwa kwakho kungokwesikhashana.
Ngincoma ukuthi uphinde lezi zifundo zokutshala izimali ezivela ku-Ray Dalio ekusebenzeni kwakho kwansuku zonke futhi ube ngumtshalizimali ophumelelayo wemakethe yamasheya.
Ngikholelwa ekwabelaneni ngolwazi umphakathi okufanele ukwazi mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya. Uma unokungabaza ngefilosofi yokutshala imali kaRay Dalio, zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza, ngingajabula ukusula ukungabaza kwakho futhi ngikusize ukwakha umsebenzi wakho wokutshala izimali.
Ukutshala imali okujabulisayo!
shiya impendulo