Yaqala ukwethulwa ngo-1900 e-US, namuhla amakhadi esikweletu asephenduke enye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zokukhokha kubantu abaningi.
Ngokukhula kwesigaba sabantu abahola kancane, amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti eminyakeni edlule aye akhuthaza abantu ukuba basebenzise imali, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela yayo.
Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka lapho amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti ethandwa kakhulu njengoba abasezingeni eliphakathi bevela namandla okusebenzisa imali aphezulu.
Ngokwesibonelo, eNdiya, babeyizigidi ezingu-20 kuphela abasebenzisi bekhadi lesikweletu ngo-2010, okwakhula ngokushesha kwafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-78 ngo-2022. Nokho, lokhu kubangele ukwanda okumangalisayo esikweletini samakhadi esikweletu. Ngo-2022, isikweletu esiphelele eNdiya sasicishe sibe ngamabhiliyoni angama-22.
Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlaziya izimbangela ezingokwemvelo zokukhuphuka kwezikweletu futhi ubheke izixazululo zokuxazulula inselele.
Kungani Kuphathelene?
Ukukhuphuka kwemali esetshenziswa ngamakhadi esikweletu akuhambisani nokukhuphuka kwesikweletu sezimboni. Kunalokho ukuboleka kwebhizinisi akuhambisani nekhredithi yomuntu siqu ukukhula, okuphambene nendlela evamile emnothweni okhulayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi ledebhithi, okugqamisa ukukhula kokuthambekela kokuchithwa kwabathengi, nakho kuyehla.
Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imindeni yamaNdiya isishintshela ezikweletini eziphezulu, okwenza kube nokungabaza mayelana nokusebenza kokusetshenziswa kwemali ngamakhadi esikweletu ezweni.
Kodwa kungani isikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu sibhekwa njengesibi?
Amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu abhekwa njengesikweletu esibi ngenxa yamazinga enzalo ephezulu, futhi inani lisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, hhayi ukutshalwa kwezimali, okusho ukuthi alidali noma yiziphi izimpahla ezintsha okwakhiwa ngazo imali.
Izinto Eziholela Ekukhuphukeni Kwesikweletu Sekhadi Lesikweletu
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezibangele ukwanda kwesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu e-India. Ake sihlole ngamunye ngamunye:
Ukukhula Komnotho kanye Namazinga Okunyuka Kweholo
I-India ibe nokukhula okuphawulekayo komnotho emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, okuholele ekwandeni kwemali engenayo etholakalayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwabathengi.
Njengoba umnotho ukhula, abantu banamandla engeziwe okuthenga namandla aphezulu okuboleka.
Lokhu kukhula kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwesigaba esiphakathi futhi kwandise ukutholakala kwamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu, okuholele ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu kwamakhadi esikweletu.
Ukuntuleka kolwazi lwezezimali:
Abathengi abaningi baseNdiya abaziqondi ubungozi futhi bangase bangayiqondi ngokugcwele imigomo nemibandela, izilinganiso zenzalo, noma izibopho zokukhokha ezihambisana namakhadi esikweletu.
Bangase futhi bangazi ngezinhlawulo ezikhokhiswa ukukhokha sekwephuzile. Ngenxa yalokho, maningi amathuba okuthi basebenzise imali ngokweqile futhi baqongelele izikweletu ezinenzalo enkulu.
Ukwandisa Ukuthengwa Kwempahla kanye Nokusebenzisa Imali Okungalindelekile:
Isiko labathengi baseNdiya libone ushintsho ekusetshenzisweni kwemali eyengeziwe emikhiqizweni yendlela yokuphila, izinto zikagesi, ukuvakasha kanye nokudla.
Ngokuhambisana nalokho, izikhangiso, ukucindezela komphakathi, kanye nesifiso sokuhambisana nezitayela kuye kwaqhubeza nakakhulu ukuziphatha kokuthenga ngokunganaki.
Lokhu kuziphatha kungaholela ekusebenziseni ngokweqile nasekuthembeleni emakhadini esikweletu ekuthengeni ngezimali, okuholela esikweletini esiphezulu sekhadi lesikweletu.
Ukufinyelela kalula kusikweletu:
Izikhungo zezezimali nezinkampani zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu zenze kwaba lula ngabantu ngabanye ukuthola amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu. Kwezinye izimo, azidingi ngisho nokuhlolwa kwesikweletu.
Lokhu kwenza kube lula kubathengi ukuthi bangene ezikweletini, noma bengenawo amandla okuzikhokha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okumaketha anolaka, izinhlelo zemiklomelo ekhangayo, neminikelo egunyazwe kusengaphambili kuye kwakhuthaza abantu ukuthi bafake izicelo zamakhadi esikweletu ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele izibopho ezihambisanayo kanye nemithwalo yezikweletu engase ibe khona.
Izilinganiso Zenzalo Ephezulu Nezinkokhelo:
Amakhadi esikweletu ngokuvamile afika namazinga enzalo ephezulu, ikakhulukazi esikweletu esijikelezayo. Izinga lenzalo elimaphakathi kumakhadi esikweletu e-India licishe libe ngu-20%.
Lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu kunezilinganiso zenzalo kwezinye izinhlobo zemalimboleko, njengemali ebolekiwe yezimoto kanye nemalimboleko yezindlu. Ukwengeza kulokho, izindleko zokukhokha sekwephuzile, izimali zonyaka, nezinye izinkokhiso nazo zinganqwabelana ngokushesha, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezikweletu uma zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengi bangagcina sebekhokha imali eningi ngenzalo uma bengasikhokhi isikweletu samakhadi abo okuthenga ngesikweletu ngesikhathi.
Umthelela Wesikweletu Sekhadi Lesikweletu Emindenini YamaNdiya
Ukucindezeleka Kwezezimali Nomthwalo:
Ukwenyuka kwesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu e-India kuholele ekwenyukeni kwengcindezi yezezimali kanye nomthwalo kubantu ngabanye. Amabhalansi aphezulu ekhadi lesikweletu, ahlanganiswe nezinga lenzalo ephezulu kanye nezinkokhelo, angadala umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali kubanikazi bamakhadi.
Lo mthwalo ungaphumela ebunzimeni ekuhlangabezaneni nezibopho zokukhokha zanyanga zonke, okuholela kumthelela ongemuhle enhlalakahleni yezezimali nokwanda kwezigameko zobuhlongandlebe. Lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi nxazonke 12.7% yabasebenzisi bekhadi lesikweletu abakhokhi izikweletu zabo.
Umthelela Omubi Kumphumela Wesikweletu:
Isikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu esingalawuleki singaba nomthelela omubi kumphumela womuntu ngamunye.
Ukukhokha sekwephuzile, ukungakhokhi, noma izilinganiso eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa kwezikweletu kungaholela ekwehleni kwezikolo zezikweletu, kwenze kube inselele kakhulu kubantu ukufinyelela isikweletu esikhathini esizayo, okuhlanganisa imali mboleko nezindlu ezibolekiwe, futhi kungase kuphumele emazingeni enzalo aphezulu.
Ngokusho kwe-Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL), amaphuzu esikweletu angaphansi kuka-750 athathwa njengamaphuzu aphansi futhi angakhawulela ikhono lomuntu lokuthola isikweletu.
Izithiyo Ekongeni Nokutshalwa Kwezimali:
Abantu abasindwa yisikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu bangase bakuthwale kanzima ukubekela eceleni imali yezimali eziphuthumayo, yokonga yomhlalaphansi, noma amanye amathuba okutshala imali.
Izinsiza zezimali ebezingabelwa ukonga nokutshalwa kwezimali zisetshenziselwa ukukhokhela isikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu.
Umthelela Wengqondo Nomphakathi:
Ukucindezeleka ngokwezimali okuqhubekayo, ukukhathazeka, nokuzizwa ugajwe yizikweletu kungase kuthinte kabi inhlalakahle yengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abavela emikhayeni ehola kancane noma labo abanemithombo yezimali elinganiselwe bathinteka ngokulinganayo esikweletini samakhadi esikweletu.
Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo wezikweletu ezinenzalo enkulu kanye namandla alinganiselwe okukhokha kungakhulisa ukungafani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho futhi kubhebhethekise ukungalingani kwemali engenayo.
Yini Engenziwa Ukubhekana Nenkinga Yesikweletu Sekhadi Lesikweletu?
-
Dala Isabelomali
Ukwakha ibhajethi kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwezimali ngempumelelo. Kubandakanya ukulandelela imali engenayo kanye nezindleko ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile kokuthi imali isetshenziswa kuphi nokuthi ingalungiswa kanjani.
Landelela imali engenayo nezindleko: Qala ngokurekhoda yonke imithombo yemali engenayo futhi uhlukanise izindleko ngezigaba. Lokhu kungenziwa mathupha noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhajethi noma amaspredishithi.
Khomba izindawo zokuthuthukisa: Hlaziya amaphethini okusebenzisa imali futhi uhlonze izindawo lapho izindleko zingancishiswa khona. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ngokubona kwakho, okufana nokudla noma ukuzijabulisa, noma ukonga ezindlekweni ezivamile ezifana negilosa noma izinsiza.
Beka phambili ukukhokha isikweletu: Yabela ingxenye ethile yesabelomali ekukhokhweni kwesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izibopho zezikweletu ziyahlangatshezwa ngesikhathi futhi kuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwezindleko zenzalo ephezulu kanye nezinhlawulo.
-
Nciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwekhadi Lesikweletu
Ukunciphisa ukuthembela kumakhadi esikweletu kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema isikweletu eseqile. Amasu alandelayo angakusiza ukuthi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi lesikweletu:
Khawulela ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi lesikweletu: Gcina ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi lesikweletu ukuze uthenge okubalulekile nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngokusebenzisa ukheshi noma amakhadi edebhithi emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ungagwema izikweletu ezingadingekile futhi ukhuthaze imikhuba yokusebenzisa imali ngendlela efanele.
Sebenzisa ikhadi ledebhithi noma ukheshi: Yenza umzamo oqotho wokukhokha ngemali etholakala kalula ekhadini lasebhange noma ngokheshi. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuziphatha kahle kwezezimali futhi kunciphisa isilingo sokuthembela kumakhadi esikweletu ukuze uthenge.
-
Khokha Ngaphezu Kokuncane
Ukukhokha kuphela inani elincane elifunekayo emakhadini okuthenga ngesikweleti kungaholela esikweletini sesikhathi eside kanye nezindleko zenzalo ezikhulayo.
Khokha ngaphezu kokuncane: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, hlose ukukhokha ngaphezu kwenani elincane elifunekayo inyanga ngayinye. Ngokukhokha okwengeziwe, ungakwazi kalula ukunciphisa ibhalansi eyinhloko ngokushesha futhi unciphise inzalo ekhokhiswayo.
Beka phambili izikweletu ezinenzalo ephezulu: Uma uphethe amabhalansi kumakhadi esikweletu amaningi, beka kuqala ukukhokha ikhadi elinenani lenzalo eliphezulu kakhulu kuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yenza izinkokhelo ezincane kwamanye amakhadi. Leli su lehlisa yonke inzalo ekhokhwayo futhi lisiza abantu ukuthi bangabi nezikweletu ngendlela efanele.
-
Ukuqondiswa Kwezezimali kanye Nokuguqulwa Kokuziphatha
Ukwakha nokwenza imikhuba emihle yezezimali kubalulekile ekulawuleni izikweletu zesikhathi eside. Nazi ezinye izinguquko zokuziphatha ongazisebenzisa:
Yakha isikhwama sezimo eziphuthumayo: Ukusungula isikhwama sezimo eziphuthumayo kunikeza inetha yokuphepha kwezezimali ngezindleko ezingalindelekile. Ukuba nemali oyothembela kuyo kunciphisa isilingo sokusebenzisa amakhadi esikweletu ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, okusiza ukuvimbela isikweletu esengeziwe.
Buyekeza njalo izitatimende zekhadi lesikweletu: Buyekeza ngokucophelela izitatimende zekhadi lesikweletu zanyanga zonke ukuze ubone ngokushesha ukungezwani, izinkokhiso ezingagunyaziwe, noma umsebenzi wokukhwabanisa. Ukubika nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha kungavimbela ezinye izinkinga zezimali.
Thuthukisa ukufunda ngezezimali: Chitha isikhathi sakho ekuzifundiseni mayelana ezezimali zomuntu, imigomo nemibandela yekhadi lesikweletu, izibalo zenzalo, namasu okuphatha izikweletu. Ukufunda izincwadi, ukuthola izinsiza eziku-inthanethi, noma ukuya emihlanganweni yokucobelelana ngolwazi kungakunika amandla okwenza izinqumo zezezimali unolwazi.
Isiphetho
Ukubhekana nenkinga yesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu e-India kudinga indlela exubile ehlanganisa imfundo yezezimali, izinyathelo zokulawula, izinqubo zokuboleka ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nesibopho somuntu ngamunye.
Ngokusebenzisa la masu, abantu ngabanye bangakwazi ukulawula izikweletu zabo, izikhungo zezezimali zingakhuthaza ukuboleka okunesibopho, futhi nabalawuli bangaqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwabathengi.
shiya impendulo