Aia nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole e hiki ke kūʻai aku, ma India. ʻO ke kumukūʻai ka huaʻōlelo hui no nā ʻāpana.
ʻO kahi mahele hoʻokahi o ka waiwai e hōʻike ana i ka kuleana o kahi hui ma nā huaʻōlelo hakina.
ʻOi aku ka nui o kāu ʻoihana i kahi hui, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāu ʻāpana a i ʻole kou kuleana ma ka hui.
Kūʻai nui ʻia kēia mau kumukūʻai ma nā kūʻai kūʻai ʻelua ma India, ka Kūʻai Kūʻai Lahui a me ka Bombay Stock Exchange.
ʻO nā hui e papa inoa i kā lākou mau ʻāpana no ka manawa mua e hana ia ma ka mākeke mua. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka mākeke lua ke kūʻai aku a kūʻai aku i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻoihana i hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻia.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kumukūʻai ma India ma muli o 7 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia mau ʻano -
Ma muli o nā papa waiwai/pono koho:
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kuleana koho o nā mea kuleana.
- ʻAʻole hāʻawi kekahi mau waihona i ka mana i nā mea kuleana e koho balota ma ka hālāwai makahiki. No laila, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻōlelo i nā hoʻoholo hoʻokele.
- ʻOiai ua ʻae kekahi mau waihona i nā mea kuleana e komo piha i nā kaʻina hoʻoholo.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā kuleana koho balota, a he mea nui ko lākou manaʻo ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kekahi manaʻo hoʻokele.
No ka laʻana, ʻo Tata Motors, Pantaloons Retail India, hāʻawi nā ʻāpana ʻelua o kēia hui i kā lākou mea kuleana i nā kuleana koho.
- Hāʻawi kekahi mau waihona i nā mea kuleana e hoʻolilo i nā balota he nui i nā mea ʻoihana like ʻole.
Ma muli o nā kumu kūʻai:
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau waihona ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai. Ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i ka neʻe ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai me ka loaʻa a kūʻē paha i ka loaʻa kālā o ka hui.
Aia 2 mau ʻano nui o ia mau waihona -
- Nā lāʻau pale: ʻAʻole pili kēia mau waiwai i nā kūlana waiwai a/a i ʻole kālā.
Manaʻo ʻia lākou i ka wā e kū ai ka mākeke i ka pae bear, ʻo ia hoʻi, haʻahaʻa a ʻilihune paha. No ka laʻana, hāʻule nā hui meaʻai a me nā mea inu ma lalo o kēia ʻāpana.
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai cyclical: ʻike nā kumukūʻai ʻoihana i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ke kūlana waiwai a/a i ʻole kālā o ka ʻāina i nā loli kiʻekiʻe me nā loli mākeke. He mau waihona cyclical kēia.
Ke ulu wikiwiki nei kēia mau lāʻau i ka wā boom, a ua lohi ko lākou ulu ʻana i kahi hoʻokele lohi.
No laila, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo e hana like lākou me nā kūlana waiwai. He laʻana nā waihona kaʻa o kēia māhele.
Ma muli o ka uku hoʻokaʻawale:
ʻO ka puʻunaue he mahele o ka waiwai i puʻunaue ʻia e ka hui i kāna mau mea kuleana. I kekahi manawa kiʻekiʻe, i kekahi manawa haʻahaʻa.
I kekahi manawa ua paʻa, a i kekahi manawa e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā o ka makahiki.
- Nā waihona ulu: Hoʻokomo kekahi i kēia mau waiwai e loaʻa kālā mai kahi hoʻokomo hou i ka hui. ʻAʻole lākou e uku i nā māhele kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka reinvestment ke ulu wikiwiki i ka hui; no laila, ka inoa.
Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka waiwai o nā ʻāpana me ka ulu o ka hui. Hiki i nā mea hoʻopukapuka ke loaʻa kālā ma o nā hoʻihoʻi kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kumukūʻai a lākou i kūʻai ai i ka ʻāpana a me ke kumu kūʻai o ka ʻāpana i kēia manawa).
He kūpono ia no nā mea hoʻopukapuka e ʻimi ana i ka wā lōʻihi hiki ke ulu. ʻAʻole pono e hilinaʻi nui ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i kahi kumu o ka loaʻa kālā a i ʻole ka loaʻa passive i kēia mau ʻāpana.
Lawe pū lākou i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- Nā waihona kālā: Ke uku nei kēia mau kumukūʻai i ka mahele kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kumu ulu.
Loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe, no laila, ka inoa.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea e kahi ʻoihana paʻa i hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana like. Akā ʻaʻole hāʻawi kēia mau ʻoihana i ka ulu kiʻekiʻe loa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
He waiwai maikaʻi kēia mau waihona no ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i kahi kumu lua o ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻAʻole ʻauhau ʻia ka loaʻa kālā a maikaʻi hoʻi no nā mea hoʻopukapuka pilikia.
Ma muli o ka nui o ka mākeke:
ʻO ka nui o ka mākeke o kēlā me kēia hui, ʻo ia ka nui o kāna kuleana.
ʻO ka helu ʻana o ia mea ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o ka hui i kēia manawa me ka huina o nā ʻāpana kū i ka mākeke.
ʻO kēia nā ʻano waiwai nui 3 e pili ana i ka nui o ka mākeke -
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai nui: ʻO kēia nā waihona o nā ʻoihana i hoʻokumu ʻia me nā waihona kālā nui.
ʻO lākou nā hui blue-chip a kaulana loa. Hele mai kēia mau waihona me ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ICICI Bank, Bharti Airtel, a me Coal India kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā kumukūʻai nui-cap ma India.
- Nā kumukūʻai waena: ʻO kēia nā waihona o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi.
Loaʻa iā lākou kahi mākeke mākeke o INR 250 crore a i INR 4,000 crore.
Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻoihana ka ulu kiʻekiʻe a me ka inoa i ʻike ʻia ma ka mākeke.
ʻO Relaxo Footwears a me Polycab India kekahi o nā kumukūʻai waena waena hiki ke kūʻai aku.
Aia ma lalo iho kahi papa inoa o nā kumukūʻai waena waena a me ka nui-cap i 2020-21.
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi: ʻO kēia mau waihona ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka mākeke.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i nā ʻoihana nui. Hiki iā lākou!
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi wale nō ka nui o ka ʻoihana, loaʻa ka mākeke mākeke a hiki i INR 250 crore.
Inā he kanaka ʻoe e ʻimi nei e hoʻopaʻa i ka wā lōʻihi me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pahuhopu hoʻokaʻawale i kēia manawa, nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi no ʻoe.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka ulu ulu maikaʻi a ʻike i nā lanakila koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka volatility kumukūʻai. He mea hou kēia mau ʻoihana ma ka mākeke.
ʻO Bajaj Consumer Care kahi kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi maikaʻi no ka mea hoʻopukapuka e ʻimi ana i ka ulu lōʻihi a me nā loaʻa.
Ma muli o ka kuleana:
Aia he 3 mau ʻano o nā waihona e pili ana i ka kuleana, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hoʻopukapuka i nā kuleana like ʻole a me ka hiki ke ulu i ka wā lōʻihi.
- ʻO nā kumu kūʻai makemake a maʻamau: Hāʻawi nā kumukūʻai i makemake ʻia i nā mea hoʻopukapuka i ka huina paʻa o ka ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou loaʻa kālā. ʻO nā kumukūʻai maʻamau, akā naʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i kahi ʻāpana paʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai o nā kumukūʻai i makemake ʻia ma mua o nā kumukūʻai maʻamau. Loaʻa i nā kumulāʻau maʻamau ka pōmaikaʻi ma ke kumu koʻikoʻi ke loaʻa i ka ʻoihana ke koena e hoʻokuʻu.
Loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai maʻamau nā kuleana koho; akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai waiwai makemake.
Māhele makemake ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 3 mau ʻāpana -
- Mahele koho kumulative: Hāʻawi lākou i ka mea paʻa i ke kuleana i nā ʻāpana āpau i iho i ka wā i hala. ʻO kēia ala, ʻaʻole e nalowale ka mea kuleana i kāna ʻāpana o nā puʻu.
- Māhele makemake ʻole: E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka inoa, ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili kēia mau ʻāpana nā māhele. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka puka ʻana o kēia mau waiwai mai ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana o kēia makahiki. No laila, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi inā nalowale i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
- Māhele makemake hiki ke kūʻai hou ʻia: He koho hiki ke kāhea ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana. Hiki i ka hui ke kūʻai i kēia mau waiwai ma hope. Hoʻopau mua ka hui i ke kumukūʻai a lākou e kūʻai hou ai i nā ʻāpana.
- Hybrid stocks: Hāʻawi kekahi mau hui i nā ʻāpana i makemake ʻia me kahi koho o ka hoʻololi ʻana iā lākou i mau waiwai maʻamau ma hope.
Hoʻopili kēia i kekahi mau kūlana, e like me ka ratio hoʻololi e hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka hui ponoʻī.
Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi lākou he convertible preferred stocks, a he kuleana ko lākou i kekahi manawa a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole.
Nā kumukūʻai me nā koho derivative i hoʻokomo ʻia: ʻAʻole i loaʻa maʻamau ia mau waihona a he 'callable' a 'putable'.
ʻO ia ke ʻano o kahi kumukūʻai callable ke koho e kūʻai hou ʻia e ka hui koke, no kahi kumukūʻai i kekahi manawa i ka manawa.
Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi kahi kumukūʻai putable i kāna mea paʻa e kūʻai aku iā ia i ka hui i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka manawa, ma kahi kumukūʻai.
Ma muli o nā kumu:
He nui nā mea hoʻopukapuka e manaʻoʻiʻo e like ke kumukūʻai o ka mahele me ka kumu waiwai o ka mahele.
ʻO ka waiwai koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia mahele ʻo ia ka waiwai pahuhopu o ka waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka waiwai.
ʻO ia mau ʻāpana he 2 ʻano -
- Māhele i hoʻonui ʻia: Ua ʻoi aku kēia mau waiwai i ka waiwai maoli a no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka waiwai.
- Māhele i emi iho: Inā emi ke kumu kūʻai makeke o kēlā me kēia mahele ma mua o kona waiwai maoli, he kumu waiwai ia o ka mahele. He kūʻai maikaʻi kēia!
Ma muli o ka pilikia:
ʻO ka pilikia o ke kumukūʻai e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i kona mau kumukūʻai. ʻO nā kumukūʻai volatile he pilikia, a ʻo nā mea ʻaʻole i palekana.
Eia naʻe, hāʻawi nā kumukūʻai riskier i nā hoʻihoʻi kiʻekiʻe aʻe i ka poʻe hoʻopukapuka a me nā kumu kūʻai, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hoʻohua i nā hoʻihoʻi haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea kālā kālā kekahi o nā ʻano ʻelua. ʻO kekahi he mea hoʻopukapuka hoʻoweliweli ʻaʻole makemake e lawe i nā pilikia he nui a makemake e hoʻokomo i nā kālā palekana.
ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka hoʻihoʻi kiʻekiʻe akā i ka hoʻihoʻi kūpaʻa.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i kekahi mau mea hoʻopukapuka ka makemake kiʻekiʻe a ua mākaukau e hoʻokomo i nā waiwai pilikia. Hoʻonui lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā hoʻihoʻi mai kēlā mau waihona a ʻaʻole hopohopo e pili ana i ka nalowale ʻana.
Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā waihona ma lalo nei -
- Nā waihona Beta: ʻO ka Hoʻokolohua kapa ʻia ʻo ke ana o ka pilikia. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka beta ma ka helu ʻana i ka volatility o ke kumukūʻai o ke kumukūʻai.
Inā maikaʻi ka beta, ʻo ia hoʻi ke neʻe nei ke kumukūʻai me ka mākeke. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka beta, ʻo ia hoʻi ke neʻe nei ke kumukūʻai e kūʻē iā ia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka beta, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia.
Inā ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka beta ma mua o 1, hōʻike ia i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī loa ke kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke.
Hoʻoholo nā mea hoʻopukapuka i loaʻa ka ʻike beta.
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai Blue-chip: ʻO kēia nā waihona o ka hui i loaʻa ke kuleana haʻahaʻa a me ka loaʻa kālā paʻa.
He mau ʻoihana ʻike maikaʻi ʻia kēia a ʻaʻole pilikia loa ka hoʻokomo kālā ʻana. Ke uku nei lākou i nā ʻāpana maʻamau, no laila kūpono ia i kahi mea hoʻopukapuka e ʻimi nei i kahi kumu maʻamau o ka loaʻa kālā lua.
He koho maikaʻi kēia mau ʻoihana no ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i nā ala palekana o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā me nā ʻoihana maikaʻi a paʻa kālā.
Ka Hopena:
Ua aʻo mākou i nā ʻano waiwai he nui ma luna, e hōʻike ana aia nā ʻano o nā waihona no kēlā me kēia ʻano mea hoʻopukapuka ma ka mākeke.
ʻO ka poʻe e ʻimi nei e hoʻopukapuka kālā no ka wā lōʻihi, no ka wā pōkole, nā mea hoʻopukapuka e ʻimi nei i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā mea hoʻopukapuka e pono ai kahi kumu paʻa o ke kālā lua a me nā mea hoʻopukapuka ʻaʻole mālama nui i nā ʻāpana paʻa.
ʻAʻohe ʻano o ka mea hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻoe, huhū a maʻalahi paha, nui nā koho i ka mākeke kūʻai āu e koho ai.
Nui nā hui pū ʻana o nā waihona me nā pono like ʻole a me nā pōʻino e pōmaikaʻi iā ʻoe a loaʻa kahi kumukūʻai manawa.
E like me kou kūpono a me kāu mea e nānā nei, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā waihona like ʻole a hoʻokomo i loko o lākou e noʻonoʻo ana i kou makemake pilikia a me nā pahuhopu kālā!
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