California, Jihar Zinariya ta Amurka, mai tarin tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 3.4 (2021), an san ta da Silicon Valley, yanayin yanayi mai kyau, rairayin bakin teku masu yashi, yawon shakatawa, da ɗakunan studio na Hollywood.
California ta sami saurin zinare a cikin 1848, wanda ya jagoranci mutane da yawa su zauna a cikin jihar. Babban ƙaura da haɓakar yawan jama'a ya cancanci California don zama ƙasa a 1850. Kuma daga baya, ya zama gida ga manyan kamfanoni na Silicon Valley kamar Apple, Microsoft, Google, Tesla, da sauransu.
Sai dai a shekarun baya-bayan nan, ta fuskanci asara mai tsanani, wanda ya shafi tattalin arzikin jihar da ma al'ummarta baki daya.
Tattalin Arzikin California a halin yanzu
California ce ke jagorantar Amurka a fannin software, mota, fasahar dijital, motsi na zamani, muhalli, da masana'antar sararin samaniya. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewa a bakin tekun yamma na Amurka, ana ɗaukarta ƙofar gaban tsakanin Amurka, Rim ɗin Pasifik, da kasuwar Asiya mai tasowa.
Koyaya, bayan bullar cutar, tattalin arzikin California ya fara fuskantar koma baya.
Bari mu bincika dalilai da ramifications daki-daki.
Annobar cutar coronavirus
California ita ce jiha ta farko a Amurka da ta sanya dokar hana fita, wacce ke jagorantar yaki da coronavirus. Amma manufofin gwamnati na kuskure da kuma hanyar magance cutar sun yi tasiri sosai ga rayuwar mutane da tattalin arzikinsu.
Kasancewa mafi girma kuma mafi girma a cikin Amurka, yawan mutane miliyan 39 cutar ta shafa.
Jihar ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar miliyan 3.9 a cikin 2021, wanda shine kashi 11.0% na jimlar cutar a cikin ƙasar kuma kusan kashi 10.5% na adadin waɗanda suka mutu (mutuwar 63,891), a cewar rahoton. Ma'aikatar Lafiyar Jama'a ta California.
Haka kuma, kulle-kullen da hukumomin California suka sanya ya karu da yawan marasa aikin yi da kashi 16%. Sakamakon haka, tattalin arzikin jihar ya yi asarar ayyuka sama da miliyan 2.5, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai ga masana'antar kera na California.
Yawon shakatawa na California, otal, ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai, da masana'antar salon rayuwa suma sun fuskanci koma baya saboda yawan kulle-kullen.
Baya ga wannan, yayin da California ta dogara sosai kan aikin Noma fiye da kowace jiha, fannin noma ya fuskanci asara mai yawa, musamman a masana'antar naman sa, kiwo, da nama. A cikin shekarun da aka saba, aikin gona ya kai kololuwa a cikin watan Yuni a California, amma yayin barkewar cutar a cikin 2020-21, lambobin sun ragu sosai saboda umarnin zaman gida na gwamnati.
Mass Fitowa na Manyan Kamfanoni
Manyan kamfanoni masu fasaha kamar HP, Oracle, Apple, Palantir, da SpaceX suna gina megafactory nasu a Austin, Texas. Fiye da kamfanoni 1800 sun canza shelkwatarsu daga California kawai a cikin 2016. Sauran manyan kamfanoni - Toyota, Nestlé, Charles Schwab, da ruwan Jamba sun riga sun koma hedkwatarsu zuwa Texas a cikin 2018.
Menene dalilin ɗimbin ƙaura na waɗannan manyan MNCs daga California?
Haraji, farashin gidaje, da tsadar rayuwa a California sun fi kashi 50 sama da na sauran jihohin meidan. Ganin cewa ayyukan jama'a, gami da kiwon lafiya da makarantu, ba su yi daidai da sauran jihohi ba.
Tun da farko, babu wata hanyar da manyan kamfanonin fasahar za su sake ƙaura. Amma yanzu za su iya ƙaura zuwa Houston da Texas, suna ba wa waɗannan kamfanoni dama mafi kyau da ƙananan haraji.
Haka kuma, manyan kamfanonin fasaha sun fuskanci tsauraran ka'idoji daga Hukumomin Californian yayin bala'in, gami da umarnin zama-a-gida ga ma'aikata da kuma kulle-kulle na tilas, wanda ke haifar da babbar asarar kuɗi. A halin yanzu, wasu jihohi sun ba da izinin surukai na shakatawa don waɗannan masana'antu.
Yayin da ‘yan jam’iyyar Democrat ke da rinjaye a majalisun biyu na jihar California, mutane sun rabu kan manufofin kasuwancinsu, inda wasu kalilan ke kiransu da manufofin ci gaba wasu kuma suna da shakku tare da kiran jihar rashin abokantaka ga kasuwanci. 'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat suna da wuyar amfani da man fetur, hayakin mota, da iyakoki na ruwa kuma suna sanya tsauraran dokoki kan masana'antu masu gurbata muhalli, don haka ke sa California tsadar kasuwanci da su.
Haraji: Maneuvering California masana'anta masana'anta
California ta dogara sosai kan biyan haraji daga masu hannu da shuni da kuma haraji mai nauyi akan duk ma'auni idan aka kwatanta da sauran jihohi a fadin Amurka. Misali, California tana da manyan harajin kasuwanci da hadaddun sharuɗɗan shakatawa na jan hankali akan hanyoyin biyan kuɗin shiga.
Yayin da wasu jihohi tara na Amurka ba sa biyan haraji kan albashin kowane mutum, sabanin California.
Wannan yana kara tsadar rayuwar ma'aikata sosai. Saboda haka, 2 cikin 3 ma'aikata a duk masana'antu a California suna neman zama a wajen jihar idan sun sami damar aiki-daga-gida.
Tashin Kamfanoni: Tasiri kan Tattalin Arzikin California
California tana karɓar kyawawan kudaden shiga daga manyan masu samun kuɗi kuma ta dogara sosai kan waɗannan haraji. A cewar Hukumar Harajin Franchise ta California, manyan kashi 0.5 cikin XNUMX na masu samun babban riba, da yawa daga cikinsu a fannin fasaha, suna biya. 40% na kudaden harajin jihar.
Koyaya, yanayin janyewar manyan kamfanoni na baya-bayan nan zai yi tasiri ga tattalin arzikin jihar California da mummunan rauni.
Kamar kwatankwacin, Jihar New Jersey dole ne ta gyara kasafin ta saboda wani Biliyan daya ya bari. Ka yi tunanin tasirin tattalin arzikin California lokacin da attajirai kamar Elon Musk suka canza kamfanoninsu zuwa Texas.
Saboda haka, idan California ba ta gyara dokokin shakatawa na haraji ga waɗannan kamfanoni masu fasaha ba, ayyuka, yanayin rayuwa, da kudaden shiga na jihohi za su bushe.
Lokacin da koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2008 ya ƙare, ya ɗauki California shekaru biyar don isa matakan koma bayan da suka gabata. California ta sami kasa da dala biliyan 50 na kudaden shiga haraji a cikin waɗannan shekaru biyar, kuma an tilasta wa gwamnati ta rama ta hanyar yanke Dala biliyan 45 na California a cikin shirye-shiryen jin daɗin jama'a.
Ka ga, muna magana ne game da biliyoyin daloli, waɗanda za su bushe daga asusun California tare da ɗimbin ƙaura daga waɗannan kamfanonin fasaha.
Farin Farin Ciki A California Yana Kara Tabarbare Tattalin Arzikinsa.
Tattalin arzikin California na dala biliyan 3.4 ya fara jin zafin fari da Canjin yanayi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Jihar dai ta sha fama da matsanancin fari a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma ta ci gaba a tsawon shekaru. Babu isasshen ruwa ga masu gida, masana'antun masana'antu, masu gida, masana'antar kifi, da noma.
Yayin da yankunan karkara suka dogara da ruwan karkashin kasa don shigar da noma, raguwar ruwan zai yi tsanani a shekaru masu zuwa.
Hakazalika, a Kudancin California, wanda ya dogara sosai kan kogin Colorado don buƙatun ruwan sa, matakin ruwa yana faɗuwa na dogon lokaci. Har ma sun hana shayar da lawn fiye da sau ɗaya a mako.
Cibiyar Siyasar Jama'a ta California ya ruwaito cewa California ta sami yanayin zafi mai zafi na Fahrenheit 3.5 idan aka kwatanta da karni na 20. Ya haifar da karuwar 8% na buƙatun ruwan amfanin gona a cikin 2021.
Haka kuma, karancin ruwan sama ya kara yawaitar gobarar dazuzzuka a cikin ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata, lamarin da ya janyo asarar dukiya da albarkatu ga tattalin arzikin kasar.
Rikicin Gidajen Gida a California
California, bisa ga kiyasin, ƙarancin gidaje miliyan 3-4 ne. Cire gishiri a cikin rauni, hauhawar farashin rayuwa ya kara dagula lamarin ga ma'aikatan manyan kamfanoni masu fasaha. Abu mafi muni ga duka biyun, kasancewar ‘yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu suna neman riba, kuma idan kamfanonin sun dauki mutane aiki a jihar, za su rika biyan albashi mai tsoka, ta yadda a karshe za su rage musu riba.
Kwatanta, sauran jihohi a fadin Amurka sun fi rahusa don gidaje da rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da California.
Don fahimtar yadda matsalar Real-Estate ta California ke da kisa, bari mu bincika bayanai daga Fadar White House, wacce ta ce California tana da rabin (47%) na yawan jama'ar Amurka da ba su da mafaka. Talakawa a California, wadanda ba za su iya samun masaukin ba, an tilasta musu zama a kan tituna da manyan motoci. Sakamakon haka, mutane daga sassa na tsakiya da masu karamin karfi suma suna neman madadin California.
Shin Tattalin Arzikin California yana kan hanyar komawa koma bayan tattalin arziki?
A 'yan lokuta kadan, 'yan Republican sun dage cewa tattalin arzikinsu na fuskantar koma bayan tattalin arziki. GDP na California ya yi kwangila kai tsaye zuwa kashi biyu cikin huɗu na ƙarshe na shekara ta 2022, kamar yadda bayanan tattalin arzikin da aka buga Gwamnatin tarayya ta California a watan Agusta.
Ayyuka: Adadin rashin aikin yi na California ya kasance 4.2%, sama da matsakaicin ƙasa na 3.6%, kuma shine na 10 mafi girma a Amurka.
Halin abokin ciniki: Yayin da haɗarin koma bayan tattalin arziki na gabatowa ke ƙaruwa, masu amfani a dabi'ance sun dena siyan kaya kuma su fara shiryawa ta hanyar haɓaka ajiyarsu.
Rahoton da wani bincike na Hukumar Taro da ke New York ya buga a watan Agusta ya nuna cewa kwarin gwiwar masu amfani ya ragu a cikin watanni uku da suka gabata, wanda zai yi tasiri a cikin dogon lokaci.
Farashin farashi da riba: An ga farashin masu amfani da kashi 9.1 cikin 1981 a cikin wannan shekarar kudi. Wannan tsalle-tsalle na shekara-shekara shine mafi girma tun XNUMX. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, mabukaci ya kaurace wa biyan farashi mafi girma da kuma farashin ribar, wanda a ƙarshe ya jinkirta ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Tsari na dogon lokaci: Amurka tana da mafi girman bashi ga Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida. Da alama yana karuwa sosai a cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa, yana haifar da babban gibin tarayya da kuma haifar da babban rabon hidimar bashi shima.
Don haka daga binciken da aka yi a sama, a bayyane yake cewa tattalin arzikin California, idan ba ya zama cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki ba, ba ya aiki da kyau kuma yana iya fuskantar matsaloli na dogon lokaci.
Yaya Tattalin Arzikin California ke Ci Gaban Yanzu?
A cikin ƴan shekarun baya-bayan nan, mun fuskanci guguwar ƙwayar cuta ta coronavirus, kuma tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ya sa mutane da yawa su nemi wasu wurare masu kyau don yin ƙaura. Don haka yaya California ke aiki yanzu, kuma za ta ci gaba?
Bayanin Tattalin Arziki na Tattalin Arzikin California na yanzu:
Masana'antar otal
California ta sami faɗuwa a cikin masana'antar otal ɗin ta tun farkon barkewar cutar Coronavirus. Koyaya, ta fara ba da shaida ga masu yawon bude ido a cikin Maris 2022, lokacin da yawon shakatawa ya kai kololuwa. Zuwan 'yan yawon bude ido yana da'awar ci gaba a nan gaba idan ba a sake samun barkewar cutar coronavirus ba kuma soke taron ya faru, wanda zai iya zama labari mai kyau ga masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta California.
Waje da masana'antar nishaɗi
California, sanannen rairayin bakin teku da yanayin zafi, ya dace don ayyukan waje. Bayanan da aka buga Gravy Analytics ya nuna masana'antar nishaɗin waje ta California ba ta yin aiki yadda ya kamata saboda tsauraran ka'idoji da jihar ta sanya sakamakon barkewar cutar.
Masana'antar Nishaɗi
California tana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido a duk duniya ta hanyar gadar Golden Gate, Disneyland, da Hollywood. Masana'antar nishaɗinta ta yi matsakaicin matsakaici tun lokacin da ta buɗe sararinta ga waɗanda ke waje. Ana iya tsammanin zai yi kololuwa a nan gaba, kuma California na iya samun ƙarin kudaden shiga daga yawon shakatawa na Nishaɗi.
Gidan cin abinci da masana'antar abinci
Gwamnati ta sanya dokar hana fita a yayin barkewar cutar ta Covid-19, tare da hana masu siye da abinci da yawa a gida da tafiye-tafiyen siyayyar kayan abinci. Tun daga wannan lokacin, California ta sami ci gaba a cikin gidan abinci da masana'antar abinci yayin da ƙarin masu yawon bude ido ke fara yin birgima don hutu da nishaɗi.
Kammalawa
California dole ne ta ba da damar ƙarin yanayin abokantaka na kasuwanci ga kamfanoninta. Babban kashi 1 cikin 46 na manyan masu samun kuɗi suna biyan kashi XNUMX cikin ɗari na jimlar kuɗin shiga na kasafin kuɗi. Shi ya sa yana da mahimmanci a ci gaba da kasuwanci a California.
Yawon shakatawa, sarƙoƙin abinci, masana'antar nishaɗi, da sauransu, sun fara haɓaka, kuma labari ne mai daɗi ga tattalin arzikin California.
Koyaya, yana da wahala a ce komai a cikin wannan yanayi na rashin tabbas na yanayin tattalin arziki a duk faɗin duniya lokacin da Amurka, tare da ƙasashe da yawa, ke kan ƙofar koma bayan tattalin arziki.
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