Note – Kungiyar Adani ta yi zamani mai cike da inuwa. An gano wannan kwanan nan a cikin binciken da Hindenburg Research ya gudanar - wani kamfani wanda ke mai da hankali kan siyarwar gajere. Za ki iya karanta cikakken rahoton binciken anan, kuma ina ba da shawarar ku sosai idan kun saka hannun jari a cikin kowane kamfani na Adani Group.
Wannan ya kara muni, karanta sabon bincike ta FT nan.
Gautam Adani ya fara tafiyarsa a cikin wani karamin gidan Jain a Ahmedabad. A farkon shekarunsa na 20, Gautam Adani ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Gujarat.
Duk da haka, ya bar karatun jami'a a cikin shekara ta biyu kuma ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali ga kasuwancin ɗan'uwansa.
Tatas da Birlas sun tsara tarihin ci gaban Indiya bayan samun 'yancin kai, amma ƙungiyar Adani ta zama ma'anar samar da dukiya a ƙarni na 21.
Ana sa ran arzikin Gautam Adani zai kai dala biliyan 114, kuma shi ne a halin yanzu mutum na hudu mafi arziki a duniya. Kamfanonin sa bakwai da suka yi rajista suna da jarin kasuwa kusan dala biliyan 197.49 (19 ga Yuli, 2022).
Fadada Kungiyar Adani
Tashe-tashen hankulan kungiyar Adani ba lamari ne na yini guda ba. Bari mu ga ci gaban kungiyar Adani mataki-mataki, tun daga farko har zuwa yanzu, da mene ne shirinsu na fadada nan gaba:
Tafiyar Gautam Adani ta fara ne lokacin da babban yayansa Mansukhbhai Adani ya kira shi daga Mumbai a shekarar 1981.
Gautam Adani, a lokacin, ya yi aiki da ’yan’uwa Mahindra a matsayin mai sarrafa lu’u-lu’u tun 1978. Mansukhbhai Adani ya nada shi a masana’antarsa ta filastik don kula da aikin. Don haka, harkar robobi ta zama ƙofa ga daular ƙungiyar Adani ta gaba.
Tun da farko, kasuwancinsa ya fuskanci matsaloli da yawa, musamman ƙarancin ƙwayar filastik. Domin shawo kan wannan karancin, ya bukaci tan 20 na PVC a kowane wata don hana shugaban kamfaninsa shiga cikin ruwa.
Duk da haka, yarjejeniya ta zo daga kamfanin IPCL na Indiya, wanda ba ya samar da robobin cikin lokaci.
Gautam Adani ya shawo kan wannan wahala da granules na filastik ta hanyar shigo da granules na filastik ta tashar jirgin ruwa ta Kandla a cikin 1988.
A cewar wani jami’in kwastan na Adani.
"A yayin da ake ta samun tashin gwauron zabi a kasuwar gwangwani, yayin da sauran gidajen kasuwanci suka kasa cika yarjejeniyarsu, Gautam Adani ne kadai ya cika alkawarinsa.. "
Kungiyar Adani a cikin Marigayi 80s & Farkon 90s.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an warware matsalar robobin, Adani ya karɓi takardar izini daga wani ƙaramin mai kera robobi ya fara ba da oda mai yawa na PVC; kuma bayan wani lokaci, Adani Group ya ɗaure tare da Gujarat State Export Corporation don fadada kasuwancin kungiyar.
Yayin da yake ba da labari ga ƙananan ƴan kasuwa da kuma ƙarfafa duk buƙatun ƙarƙashin GSEC, Gautam Adani ya kawar da buƙatun na Wasiƙar izini.
Ta hanyar shigo da kayayyaki, Adani ya kasance yana ba da GSEC kayayyakin da suke bukata, kuma yakan sayar da sauran kayayyakin da suka rage a wata riba mai kyau ga sauran abokan ciniki.
Ba da daɗewa ba, gwamnatin Gujarat ta ba shi lasisin shigo da kaya tare da rufin wasiƙar izini na crores 12.
A wannan lokaci, kasuwancin ƙungiyar Adani ya ƙaru cikin sauri. Tsakanin 1988 zuwa 1992, yawan shigo da kamfanin Adani ya karu daga metric tonne 100 zuwa metric tonnes 40,000.
Haka kuma, Adani ya fara shigo da kayan man fetur da sinadarai tare da granules na PVC. Kungiyar Adani, a lokacin, ta fadada kanta wajen fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, kuma nan da nan kungiyar Adani ta zama gidan kasuwancin taurari, wanda ya rage bukatar lamuni na banki.
Ƙungiyar Adani a ƙarshen 90s
Rukunin Adani, tare da Kasuwancin EXIM, sun haɓaka zuwa kasuwancin abubuwan more rayuwa a ƙarshen 90s. Ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa da tsire-tsire kuma. Sakamakon haka, tashar tashar tashar Mundra ta zama aikin sa na kasuwanci na farko.
Sai dai kungiyar Adani ta fara fuskantar sukar siyasa game da aikin tashar jiragen ruwa daga manyan 'yan siyasa kamar George Fernandes. Daga baya sun fara fuskantar hasara mai yawa saboda jinkirin ayyukan da suka yi a Kandla da tashar tashar Mumbai.
Adani ya yanke shawarar maida Mundra zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa mai zaman kansa don warware matsalar jinkiri.
Kungiyar Adani da tashar ruwan Mundra
An yi gyare-gyaren LPG a Indiya a cikin 1991. Gwamnatin Gujarat a 1994 ta yanke shawarar sarrafa sabbin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a matsayin haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni na jihohi da masu zaman kansu. Ya yanke shawarar akan jerin tashoshin jiragen ruwa 10, gami da sunan tashar tashar Mundra.
Saboda muhimmancin tattalin arziki na tashar tashar tashar Mundra, Gwamnatin Gujarat ta sanar da fitar da tashar jiragen ruwa na Mundra, kuma a cikin 1995, an ba da kwangilar ga kungiyar Adani. An san cewa jirgin na farko ya tsaya a tashar tashar Mundra a cikin 1998.
Tsakanin 1998 da 2002, Adani ya faɗaɗa cikin Kasuwancin Coal da Thermal Power Plant amma bai sami nasara ba. Haɓaka tashar tashar Mundra tsakanin waɗannan shekaru huɗu ba wani abu ba ne mai ban mamaki, har ma Gautam Adani ya yi iƙirarin cewa shawarar da ya yanke na kwace tashar ta Mundra ta ci tura.
Kungiyar Rising Adani.
Lokaci na canza kaddara ya zo ne ga rukunin Adani lokacin da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kandla a cikin 2000 ta yanke shawara ta yanke hukunci ta hanyar kin amincewa da tayin daya daga cikin manyan ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa na P&O Ports Australia.
Bayan wannan koma baya, P&O Ports ta ba da wannan yarjejeniya ga rukunin Adani ta hanyar samar da daidaito a cikin rukunin Adani. Ci gaban tashar tashar tashar Mundra ya fara ganin sabon tsayi bayan waɗannan zuba jari. tashar tashar tashar Mundra yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan shanun kuɗi na ƙungiyar Adani.
Tashoshin ruwa na Adani da Yankuna na Musamman sun sami rarar aiki na 71% sama da shekaru goma. Citibank ya zaɓi ƙungiyar Adani don haɓaka tashar da ba ta LNG a tashar jiragen ruwa na Hazira. Bayan karbar kyautar a shekarar 2009, an fara aikin ne a shekarar 2010. Tashar ta fara aiki a shekarar 2012.
Daga baya Gautam Adani ya shirya kafa wata tashar samar da wutar lantarki a Mundra mai karfin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin Megawatt 5,000. A yau karfin haɗin gwiwar samar da wutar lantarki na masana'antar wutar lantarki na rukunin Adani shine megawatt 4640.
Canjin sa ya karu sosai daga crores 3300 a 2000 zuwa crores 47,000 a 2013.
Fadada Rukunin Adani a Kasuwar Duniya.
An fara faɗaɗa ƙungiyar Adani tsakanin 2009 zuwa 2012, lokacin da ƙungiyar Adani ta sami ma'adinan kwal na Abbot point Portaur, Queensland, Australia.
Ganin wannan Ƙaddamarwa na Ƙungiyar Adani, Warburg ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 110 a tashar jiragen ruwa na Adani da yankunan musamman na Adani na tattalin arziki. Total na Faransa ya kuma zuba jarin da ya kai dala biliyan 2.5 a cikin Adani Greens.
Kungiyar Adani a halin yanzu
Kungiyar Adani hakika ita ce majagaba a bangaren samar da ababen more rayuwa na Indiya kuma tana da hannu a bangarori da dama.
Kamfanin Adani, wanda ya shafe shekaru kusan ashirin yana gudanar da kasuwancinsa a kusa da kwal, ya fara ganin makomar kungiyar Adani a waje da Fossil man fetur ta hanyar zuba jari mai yawa a bangaren samar da ababen more rayuwa, ma'adinai, tashar jiragen ruwa, tashoshin wutar lantarki, da filayen jirgin sama, cibiyoyin bayanai. da kuma samar da tsaro.
A yau, waɗannan mahimman saka hannun jari na ƙungiyar Adani suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dogon buri na Indiya. A lokacin barkewar cutar, rukunin shida na tsakiya da aka jera na rukunin Adani sun kara dala biliyan 79 a cikin darajarsu.
A cikin wannan lokacin, ya tsawaita isar da saƙon zuwa 2020. Adani Group ya kuma saka hannun jari a babban kamfanin mai na Faransa Total SE da Warburg Pincus LLC. Yana kusa da ƙungiyar Tata da masana'antu Reliance kawai dangane da ƙimar.
Menene Gaba Ga Kungiyar Adani?
Kungiyar Adani ta yi niyya don kara habaka daidaito har ninki takwas ga rassanta nan da shekarar 2025. Ta hanyar fadada kanta a wasu bangarori masu mahimmanci, kungiyar Adani ta samu zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na filayen jiragen sama na kasa da kasa guda bakwai a Indiya, wanda kashi daya cikin hudu ne. na kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na Indiya.
Bugu da ƙari, ta yanke shawarar haɓaka ƙarfinta sau takwas don samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa ga Indiya. Ya yi daidai da kudurin Indiya na zama kasa mai tsaka-tsakin carbon nan da 2070.
Kungiyar Adani ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Edgeconnex don bunkasa cibiyoyin bayanai a duk fadin Indiya kuma ta shirya shiga fannin tsaro, kamar yadda gwamnatin Indiya ta kuma shirya rage fitar da makamai daga kasashen waje. Za mu iya cewa makomar gwamnatin Indiya da kungiyar Adani tana da kusanci sosai.
Tashin Bashin Kungiyar Adani
Wani gagarumin ci gaban da kungiyar Adani ta yi a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata ya yi tashin gwauron zabin farashin hannun jarin kowanne kamfani nasu da hauka. Idan ka ga farashin hannun jarin Adani Power ya tashi da kashi 800, Adani Enterprise da kashi 2400, da Adani Greens da kashi 5000 cikin dari.
Amma mutane kadan ne suka san cewa kungiyar Adani ba ta zaune a kan tudun mun tsira ba, sai dai tudun mun tsira kamar yadda bashin Adani Group ya karu da kashi 40% zuwa 2.21 Lakh a FY22 bisa ga cewar. Gudanar da Kudi.
Kungiyar Adani ta tara bashin da ya kai Naira tiriliyan 2.2. Dangane da Batun Kudi, tsakanin 2006-07, kudaden shiga na kungiyar Adani ya kasance crores 16,953 akan bashin 4,353 crores, amma a cikin 2012-13, kudaden shiga ya kasance crores 47,352 akan bashin 81,122 crores.
Ko a yau, an kiyasta bashin da ake bin kungiyar Adani ya kai dala biliyan 20. Haka kuma an yi ittifaqi a kan cewa idan muka yi la’akari da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na Adani Group ta hanyar cire Adani Wilmer, zai zama dala biliyan 14.2 ne kawai, kuma idan aka hada ribar da kamfanonin kungiyar Adani za su samu zai zama dala biliyan 1.4 kacal.
Oligarchy da Siyasa
A cewar Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, wanda ya rubuta Biography on Narendra Modi da ake kira 'Narendra Modi- Mutumin, The times.', Gautam Adani da Narendra Modi sun san juna tun 2003. A cewar rahotanni da yawa, a cikin 2003, lokacin da CII ya ƙi saka hannun jari. a Gujarat don mayar da martani ga tarzoma, kungiyar Gautam Adani ta zuba jarin 1500 crores a ayyuka daban-daban a Gujarat.
A cikin Amurka, taron tattalin arzikin Wharton India ya ƙi gayyatar Narendra Modi. Kungiyar Adani wadda ita ce babbar mai daukar nauyin babban taron, ita ma ta janye tallafin ta na farko ba tare da bayar da wani bayani ba. CAG ta ba da tuta a lokuta biyu inda gwamnatin Gujarat ta ba da fa'idodin da bai dace ba ga ƙungiyar Adani.
A misali na farko, tsakanin 2006-09, man fetur na Jihar Gujarat ya sayar da gas ga Adani Group a kan farashi mai rahusa. Ta wannan hanyar, Adani Group ya samu ribar 70.5 crores. A misali na biyu, Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam ya dawo da hukuncin kisa na 79.8 crores a kan 240 crores da CAG ta kiyasta.
Kungiyar Adani ta kuma ga kauracewa taron duniya a lokacin 'Dakatar da Adani Movement' lokacin da kungiyar Adani ta shiga cikin rikicin hakar kwal na Carmichael, jirgin kasa, da tashar jiragen ruwa na Australia.
Shin Tashin Bashi Yana Lalata Ga Kungiyar Adani?
Adani Enterprise shine kawai kamfani da aka jera a cikin stock kasuwa da farko kafin shekarar 2008. Tun daga shekarar 2008 kungiyar Adani ta fara daukar kamfanonin ta, yanzu haka akwai kamfanoni guda bakwai da aka jera.
Adani Wilmar, Adani Enterprises, Adani Ports da SEZ, Adani watsa, Adani Green makamashi, da Adani Gas.
Dangane da buƙatun kamfanin, ƙungiyar Adani ta shirya wani rikitaccen tsari na tafiyar kudi. A shekarar 2015-16, Kamfanin Adani Properties wanda wani reshe ne na Kamfanin Adani Enterprises, ya sayi hannun jarin kashi 9.05 cikin XNUMX na yada labaran Adani kamar yadda za ku iya sanin cewa duka wadannan kamfanoni gaba daya suna kasuwanci daban-daban.
A cikin 2017-18, kadarorin Adani sun fita watsawar Adani.
Kamar yadda aka yi tsalle tsalle stock farashin Adani Transmission tsakanin shekarar siye da shekarar fita. Tsakanin wadannan lokutan, kamar a watan Yunin 2015, farashin hannun jarin kungiyar Adani ya kai Rupees 27.6, wanda ya tashi zuwa rupee 126 a shekarar 2017.
Idan da kungiyar Adani ta zuba crore dari a shekarar 2015, da ta zama 400 crores a 2017. Wannan kudi yana tsayawa a cikin kamfanin lokacin da kungiyar Adani ta bukata; za su iya sayar da hannun jarinsu don gudanar da aikin gininsa.
Na biyu, tsakanin 2013-18 Adani Power ya yi fama da tsabar kuɗi. Domin yayin da ake gina aikin samar da wutar lantarki a Mundra, ana sa ran samun iskar gawayi mai arha daga Indonesia.
A lokacin da Indonesiya ta kara farashin kwal da take fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, Adani Power Mundra ya yi ikirarin cewa farashin kwal din ya tashi sosai ta yadda ba za ta iya samar da tsawaita wutar lantarki a hakikanin farashi ba.
Don haka a cikin wannan lokacin, rahoton shekara-shekara na kamfanin ya nuna lokuta da dama inda kamfanonin Adani suka ba da lamuni kai tsaye ga Adani Power da kuma a kaikaice ta hanyar rassa irin su Infra India ko Kutch Power.
Don haka, wannan gabaɗayan haɗaɗɗiyar ruɗewa da haɗin kai shine hangen nesa na ƙungiyar Adani a cikin matakai guda biyu kawai. Sayen daidaito a cikin kamfanin don samar da tsabar kudi, kuma a nan gaba, ta yin amfani da wani tsayayyen lamuni na kamfanin Adani don ba da gudummawar kuɗaɗe ga kamfanin da ke cikin matsala lokacin da ake buƙata.
Ana amfani da wannan hanyar ga kamfanoni daban-daban na rukunin Adani wanda ke da kamfanoni daban-daban guda bakwai waɗanda ke da dubban crores na saka hannun jari.
Da wannan yunƙurin, Adani Group na iya haɓaka haɓakar hannayen jarin su cikin sauri, kuma idan wannan labarin ya isa gidajen yaɗa labarai, suna yin tallan tallace-tallace na hauhawar farashin hannun jarin Adani.
Zai iya samun ƙarin daidaito ta hannun jarin mutane a cikin rukunin Adani Group.
Kammalawa
Haɓaka mai daure kai na rukunin Adani a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata ya bar tasiri mai zurfi kan tattalin arzikin Indiya. A yau Rukunin Adani yana ba da umarnin kaso mai girma na kasuwar tsire-tsire na hasken rana na Indiya, watsa wutar lantarki, da kasuwar rarraba iskar gas na Indiya.
Gautam Adani, wanda aka fi sani da Rockefeller na Modi, kamar yadda gwamnatin Modi, dukiyarsa ta karu da kashi 230%. Yayin da gwamnati ke kara maida hankali kan soke tsarin PSUs na Gwamnati.
A cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, ya kuma ci fiye da dala biliyan 26 a ayyukan kwangila da ayyukan more rayuwa na gwamnati a fadin kasar nan. a cewar Financial Times.
Sai dai kuma za a ji dadin ganin yadda kamfanin Adani Group, wanda ke zaune a kan tudun bashi, zai yi tafiya a kan wani dan karamin layukan da ya ke kara tabarbarewar bashi, ya kuma sa kamfanin ya samu ci gaba.
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