Kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende, inozivikanwawo seG-Secs, inzira yakakurumbira yekudyara muIndia. Aya masecurity ane mukurumbira nekuda kwengozi yavo yakaderera uye yakatsiga kudzoka.
Izvo zvinopihwa neHurumende yeIndia kuti ipe mari yekushandisa kwayo uye kukwereta uye inotsigirwa nekutenda kuzere uye chikwereti chehurumende.
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara pakutenga zvibatiso zvehurumende muIndia. Ini ndichavhara marudzi akasiyana eG-Secs aripo, maitiro ekukodzera ekuatenga, uye maitiro ekutenga nekutengesa G-Secs.
Kunyangwe mudyaridzi ane ruzivo kana anotanga, gwara iri richakubatsira kuti unzwisise mechanics ekudyara muG-Secs uye kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo rwekudyara. Ngatitangei.
Chii chinonzi Hurumende Securities?
Zvibatiso zvehurumende, zvinozivikanwawo seG-Secs, zvisungo zvakapihwa neHurumende yeIndia kuti iwane mari yekushandisa uye kukwereta. Ivo vanoonekwa seyakachengeteka kwazvo yekudyara sarudzo nekuda kwekutenda kuzere uye chikwereti chehurumende chinovatsigira.
G-Secs inokupa yakatemwa chiyero chekudzoka uye inopihwa maturities kubva kumwedzi mishoma kusvika kumakumi emakore akati wandei. Inogona kubatwa mune yenyama kana dematerialized (demat) fomu uye inotengeswa pamusika wechipiri kuburikidza nestock exchanges kana over-the-counter (OTC) chiteshi.
Ndezvipi Zvimiro zveG-Secs?
Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zveG-Secs muIndia zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Fixed-rate yekudzoka: G-Secs inopa mwero wakatemwa wemubereko, unobhadharwa nguva nenguva (semuenzaniso, pagore, semi-pagore, kana kota) kusvikira bond yakura.
- Low risk: G-Secs mari yakachengeteka nekuti hurumende inotsigira izvi zvibatiso. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane njodzi shoma yekutadza kana kusabhadhara.
- Liquidity: G-Secs yakanyanya kuyerera uye inotengwa uye inotengeswa zviri nyore pamusika wechipiri.
- Diversification: G-Secs inogona kusiyanisa portfolio uye kuderedza njodzi yese.
Mhando dzeSecurity dzeHurumende muIndia
Iyo Reserve Bank yeIndia inopa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvibatiso; marudzi makuru eG-Secs ndeaya:
- Treasure mabhiri: Aya ndiwo midziyo yechikwereti yenguva pfupi yakapihwa nehurumende kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe, 91, ne182. Iwo anopihwa nemutengo wakaderera kune yavo kukosha kwechiso uye anodzikinurwa pamutengo chaiwo pakukura. Treasury mabhiri anoonekwa semidziyo isina njodzi sezvo hurumende inoapa.
- Dated securities: Aya ndiwo midziyo yechikwereti yenguva refu yakapihwa nehurumende kwenguva dzinobva pa2 kusvika pamakore makumi matatu. Vanobhadhara mubereko kumubati panguva dzenguva uye vanodzikinurwa pamutengo chaiwo pakukura.
- Zvikwereti zvekusimudzira nyika: Izvi zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvakapihwa nehurumende dzematunhu kupa mari yezvivakwa uye mapurojekiti ebudiriro. Vanowanzo kupihwa kwenguva kubva pa5 kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu.
Kunze kweizvi, hurumende inopawo mamwe marudzi emasecurity: CMBs, TIPS, Zero-Coupon Bonds, Capital Indexed Bonds, Floating Rate Bonds, nezvimwe.
Ese aya maG-Secs akanyorwa pamasheya emasheya uye anogona kutengwa uye kutengeswa nevanoita mari. Ivo vanoonekwa vakachengeteka sarudzo dzekudyara sezvo hurumende inovapa, asi ivo vanowanzove nekudzoka kwakaderera pane zvimwe zvibatiso, senge corporate bond.
Mamiriro ekukodzera eHurumende Chengetedzo muIndia
Maitiro ekukodzera kutora chikamu mune auctions uye kutenga G-Secs ndeaya anotevera:
- Age: Iko hakuna muganho wezera rekutenga G-Secs.
- Mari: Iko hakuna mari inodiwa pakutenga G-Secs.
- Nationality: Vagari vemuIndia nevasiri vagari vekuIndia (NRIs) vanogona kutenga G-Secs. Nekudaro, maNRI anofanirwa kutevedzera India's Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) nemimwe mitemo yekudyara.
Kuti utore chikamu mune auction uye kutenga G-Secs, iwe kana chero mubatanidzwa unofanirwa kunge uine demat account. Iwe unofanirwa kuve neanoshanda account account ine yakanyoreswa SEBI (Securities uye Exchange Board yeIndia) broker kana mutori wechikamu.
Iyo auction process yeG-Secs inoitwa kuburikidza neNegotiated Dealing System (NDS) uye Reporting chikuva cheIncome Schemes (R-PIS), zvemagetsi mapuratifomu anotungamirwa neRBI.
Iwe unofanirwawo kucherechedza kuti maitiro ekukodzera kutenga G-Secs anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuchengetedzeka kuri kupihwa uye mazwi ekutengesa. Zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kubvunza chipangamazano wezvemari kana RBI kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve izvo chaizvo zvinodiwa pakutenga G-Secs.
Nhanho Nenhanho Gwaro reKutenga Zvichengetedzo zveHurumende muIndia
Maitiro ekutenga G-Secs anosanganisira anotevera matanho:
1. Vhura Demat Account
A demat account inodiwa kubata G-Secs zvemagetsi. Kuti uvhure account yedemat, unofanirwa kuenda kune Depository Participant (DP). Inofanirwa kunyoreswa neNational Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) kana Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).
Iwe unozofanirwa kuzadza fomu rekunyorera uye kuendesa magwaro anodiwa, senge humbowo hwekuzivikanwa, humbowo hwekero, uye PAN kadhi.
2. Sarudza Bhuroka
Kuti utore chikamu mune yeG-Sec auction, iwe uchafanirwa kusarudza SEBI (Securities uye Exchange Board yeIndia) yakanyoreswa bhuroka uyo ari nhengo yeNDS (Negotiated Dealing System) uye R-PIS (Kurekodha chikuva cheIncome Schemes) .
Iwe unogona kusarudza broker zvichienderana nemukurumbira wavo, mubhadharo, uye sevhisi yevatengi.
3. Isa Odha
Kuisa odha yeG-Secs, unofanirwa kutevedzera matanho anotsanangurwa nemutengesi wako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuzadza fomu repamhepo rine ruzivo rwakadai serudzi rwechengetedzo yaunoda kutenga, huwandu, uye mutengo waunoda kubhadhara. Iye broker anozoendesa bhidhi yako kuburikidza neNDS kana R-PIS chikuva.
4. Mirira Auction
Iyo RBI inoitisa maokisheni eG-Sec nguva dzose uye inozivisa ruzivo rwezvivimbiso zviri kupihwa uye hurongwa hwekutengesa kumberi. Iwe unogona kutarisa hurongwa uye kutora chikamu mune auction nekuisa bhidhi yako kuburikidza nemutengesi wako.
5. Gamuchira Securities
Kana bhidhiyo yako ikabudirira, zvibatiso zvinozoiswa kuaccount yako yedemet pazuva rekugadzirisa, kazhinji mazuva maviri ebhizinesi mushure mekutengesa. Kana chikumbiro chako chisina kubudirira, mari yako inodzoserwa kwauri.
Somuenzaniso, kana uri kushandisa Zerodha sebroker yako, heino nzira yaungatenga nayo G-Secs:
- Kutanga, iwe uchafanirwa kutarisa kana iyo RBI yatanga auction yaunoda kutora chikamu mairi.
- Kana wava nechokwadi, enda Coin Web uye pinda uchishandisa yako Kite zvitupa.
- Pane dashboard, uchaona "Hurumende zvisungo" kubaya pairi.
- Pasi pemhando yega yega, iwe uchaona rondedzero yezvakawanda zvinopihwa kana zvave kuvhurika kuodha.
- Parizvino, hapana mabhondi kana masecurity anogara kutengwa kubva kuRBI.
- Unogona kudzvanya "Dzvanya pano" kuti utarise kuti zvibatiso zvichavhurwa riinhi mari.
- Kana maodha ari mupenyu, unogona kusarudza iyo G-Sec yaunoda kuisa mari mairi uye tinya pa "Nzvimbo Order"
Mufananidzo chikwereti: Twitter Zerodha
- Zvadaro sarudza nhamba yezvikwata zvaunoda kutenga.
- Dzvanya pakanzi “Simbisa” kuti upedze odha yako
Nhanho Nenhanho Gwaro Rekutengesa Zvichengetedzo zveHurumende muIndia
Maitiro ekutengesa G-Secs akada kufanana nemaitiro ekutenga, ane shanduko diki paunosvika pakutengesa chaiko. Ngatitarisei:
1. Isa Odha
Kuti utengese G-Secs, iwe unozofanirwa kutevedzera matanho akataurwa nemutengesi wako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuzadza fomu repamhepo rine ruzivo rwakadai serudzi rwechengetedzo yaunoda kutengesa, huwandu, uye mutengo waunoda kugamuchira.
Iye broker anozoendesa yako kupihwa kuburikidza neNDS kana R-PIS chikuva.
2. Mirira Mutengi
Iyo G-Secs ichave iripo yekutenga nevamwe vanoisa mari kuburikidza neNDS kana R-PIS chikuva. Kana mutengi awanikwa, masecurities anoendeswa kudhipatimendi remutengi pazuva rekubhadhara, kazhinji mazuva maviri ebhizinesi mushure mekutengesa.
3. Gamuchira Kubhadhara
Kana zvibatiso zvaendeswa, iwe uchagamuchira mubhadharo wekutengesa. Mari yacho ichaiswa kuakaundi yako yekubhangi kana kuti ichaitwa kuburikidza necheki, zvichienderana nematemu ekutengesa uye marongero ebroker wako.
Rega ndikupe muenzaniso wekutengesa maG-secs kana uri kushandisa Zerodha sebroker yako:
- Enda kune yako Zerodha account holdings; unogona kudzvanya pano.
- Sarudza maG-secs aunoda kutengesa, tinya pa “Sarudzo”, wobva wadzvanya pakanzi “Buda”.
- Zvino sarudza iyo yekugumira sarudzo, uye isa mutengo waunoda kutengesa nawo.
- Dzvanya pakanzi "Tengesa" kuti utengese zvaunobata.
Njodzi uye Kudzoserwa kweHurumende Securities muIndia
Njodzi dzeSecurity dzeHurumende muIndia
Njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekudyara muG-Secs muIndia dzinosanganisira dzinotevera:
- Ngozi yechikwereti: Hurumende yakatarisana nekusagadzikana kwemari nguva dzose. Nekuda kwekunetsa kwayo kwemari, inogona kutadza kubhadhara nenguva yemukuru uye mubereko pazvibatiso. Nekudaro, njodzi iyi inowanzoonekwa yakaderera kune G-Secs yakapihwa nehurumende yeIndia kunyanya. Nekuti isu, senyika, tine rekodhi yakasimba yekubhadhara nenguva pazvisungo zvedu zvechikwereti.
- Nharaunda yekufarira njodzi: G-Secs inonetseka nekuchinja kwemitengo yemubereko. Kana mareti emubereko achikwira, kukosha kweiyo G-Secs iripo ine yakaderera mubereko inogona kudonha. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemari kune investor. Kune rimwe divi, kana mareti emuberero akadonha, kukosha kweG-Secs ine mibairo yepamusoro inogona kuwedzera, ichipa capital kuwana.
- Ngozi yekukwira kwemitengo: G-Secs kazhinji ine mubereko wakamisikidzwa. Saka, hurumende inogona kukanganisa kukosha kwemari yaunowana kuburikidza nemubereko nekufamba kwenguva. Semuyenzaniso, kana inflation yakakwira kudarika mubereko paG-Sec, kukosha kwemubereko wekubhadhara musimba rekutenga kunogona kudzikira nekufamba kwenguva.
Returns of Government Securities muIndia
Izvo zvingangodzoka zvekudyara muG-Secs muIndia zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Mari yenguva dzose: G-Secs kazhinji inopa yakatemerwa mubereko, iyo inobhadharwa kune investor nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, pamwedzi, kota, kana gore negore). Izvi zvinogona kupa nguva dzose sosi yemari kune vanoisa mari.
- Capital kukoshesa: Kukosha kweG-Secs kunogona kuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuchinja kwemitengo yemubereko kana kudiwa kwemusika kwezvibatiso. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukoshesa mari kune investor.
- chengetedzo: Sezvambotaurwa, G-Secs inowanzoonekwa sekudyara kwakachengeteka sezvo ichipihwa nehurumende yeIndia, iyo ine simba rekuunganidza mutero uye imwe mari yekubhadhara panguva yakakodzera yemukuru uye mubereko.
mhedziso
G-Secs, kana zvibatiso zvehurumende, zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvakapihwa nehurumende kukwidza mari yezvinangwa zvakasiyana. G-secs yakachengeteka nekuti hurumende inokwanisa kuunganidza mitero nemimwe mihoro zvisinei nemamiriro ehupfumi. Izvi zvinobvumira hurumende kubhadhara panguva yakakodzera yemukuru uye mubereko kune vane zvibatiso.
Njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekudyara muG-Secs dzinosanganisira njodzi yechikwereti, njodzi yemubereko, uye njodzi yekukwira kwemitengo. Nekudaro, izvo zvingangodzoka zvekudyara muG-Secs zvinosanganisira mari yenguva dzose, kukoshesa mari, uye kuchengetedzeka.
Usati wafunga, iwe unofanirwa kunyatso funga nezve njodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kudzoka kwekudyara muG-Secs. G-Secs inogona kuve mari yakanaka kana iwe uchitsvaga yakachengeteka uye yakagadzikana sosi yemari kana uchifarira kuchengetedza mari yako yekutenga simba pamusoro penguva refu.
Pakazere, G-Secs inogona kuve yakakosha yekuwedzera kune akasiyana mari portfolio, kunyanya kana iwe uchida kuisa mari mune yakachengeteka uye yakagadzikana yekudyara sarudzo.
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