Kodi ndinu Investor wofunitsitsa kupeza masheya oti muyikemo? Simungathe kusankha ngati katunduyo ndi wamtengo wapatali kapena wosayamikiridwa ndipo mukufuna kudziwa ngati muyambe kugula panopa kapena mtsogolo? Kuwerengera kosavuta kungakhale yankho lanu.
M'malo molandira upangiri kuchokera kwa wina chifukwa chodziwika bwino, m'malo mwake muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuyesa kudziwa ngati masheya sakuyankhidwa kapena ayi. Mutha kukhala mukuganiza ngati izi ndizotheka. Yankho ndi lakuti inde!
Kuti timvetse mfundoyi, choyamba tiyeni tione kuti masheya omwe alibe mtengo wake ndi chiyani, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masheya akhale otsika mtengo.
Chani ndi katundu wopanda mtengo?
Sitoko yopanda mtengo ndi yomwe mumakhulupirira kuti iyenera kukhala yamtengo wapatali kuposa momwe ilili pano. Ngati msika ukugwirizana ndi inu, ndiye kuti idzakwera. Kuchuluka kwa katundu kumakhala kopanda mtengo, phindu lomwe mungapange. Koma dziwani mocheperapo kuti ndizochepa.
Wopanda mtengo malonda amasheya Pansi pa mtengo wake weniweni. Mtengo wapakatikati ndi, kunena kwake, mtengo wabizinesi wamakampaniwo komanso zomwe amapeza m'tsogolo monga kuchotsera ndi chiwongola dzanja choyenera. Warren Buffett imafotokoza zamtengo wapatali monga mtengo wapano wamagawidwe onse am'tsogolo kwa omwe ali ndi masheya.
Zogulitsa zitha kugulidwa molakwika pazifukwa zambiri, zina mwazokhalitsa ndipo zina sizikhala.
Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chimapangitsa masheya kukhala ochepera.
Chifukwa Chachikulu Choti Mashelu Akhale Opanda Mtengo
Masheya amatsika mtengo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za momwe masheya angachepetsere mtengo wake:
- Kuwonongeka kwa msika
pamene malonda akhalire zowawa, nthawi zambiri zimatha pambuyo pake. Izi zimatchedwa kuwira. Otsatsa malonda akakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokwera mtengo wagawo, amayamba kugulitsa zomwe ali nazo mwachangu. Kugulitsa kumeneku kumatchedwa panic selling, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti mitengo ya msika igwe.
Kodi mukukumbukira kuwira kwa dot-com?
Kugula magawo, izi zikachitika, zimakupatsirani mwayi wogula masheya pamtengo wotsika.
- Kufalitsa koyipa
Kuchuluka kwa nkhani zoyipa zokhudzana ndi nkhani kwakanthawi kochepa kumapangitsa kuti katundu achuluke.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti kampani yaimbidwa mlandu ndi munthu wina yemwe akuti inawadwalitsa. Mfundo yakuti pali mlandu womwe ukuyembekezera kuchititsa kuti katundu agwere kuchokera ku Rs 200 kufika ku Rs 100. Ogawana nawo amataya theka la ndalama zawo.
Koma ngati kampaniyo ipambana mlandu, katunduyo amabwerera ku Rs 200 kapena kupitilira apo.
- Kudzidalira kochepa
Sitoko ikhoza kukhala yocheperako chifukwa palibe anthu okwanira omwe amadziwa za izo, kapena chifukwa sanamvetse zomwe akudziwa. Zoyambitsa zambiri poyamba sizikhala zamtengo wapatali chifukwa palibe anthu okwanira omwe amadziwa za iwo. Ndipamene achita bwino ndipamene mtengo wake umakhala ndi mtengo wake.
- Opikisana amphamvu
Ochita nawo mpikisano amphamvu (kapena osokoneza msika watsopano) amapangitsa osunga ndalama kukhulupirira kuti kampaniyo ili pachiwopsezo.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti pali makampani omwe ali ndi makampani awiri okha: A ndi B. Kampani A ili ndi ndalama zowirikiza kawiri kuposa kampani B, koma kampani B ili ndi phindu lowirikiza kawiri pa Rupee ya ndalama.
Ndi iti yomwe idzagulitse zambiri?
Zimatengera momwe anthu amayamikirira phindu motsutsana ndi ndalama. Zonsezi ndi zizindikiro
- Zotsitsa ndi akatswiri
Pamene wofufuza akutsitsa katundu, katunduyo nthawi zambiri amatsika. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati kutsikako kumabwera chiwongola dzanja chisanachitike. Katswiri amatsitsa mtengo wamtengo wake ndikuwunika pamasheya chifukwa akuyembekeza kuti kampaniyo iphonye zowerengera zomwe amapeza.
Amayang'ana kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa, osaganizira zomwe kampaniyo ingakwanitse kwanthawi yayitali kapena zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukula.
Nthawi zina, kampani imatuluka ndi ndalama zabwino koma imatsitsidwabe chifukwa sanapambane zomwe amayembekeza. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kwa osunga ndalama kuti agulitse mabizinesi apamwamba pomwe makampaniwa sakulemekezedwa.
Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za zochitika zomwe nthawi zambiri zingapangitse kuti katundu agwere mtengo.
Tiyeni tipitirire ku njira zozindikirira katundu wosafunikira.
Njira zisanu zopezera masheya osafunikira
1. Zopeza
Mtengo wa kampani iliyonse ukhoza kuzindikirika poyang'ana zomwe amapeza.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi yopeza ndalama imapangitsa kuti makampani azisinthasintha, pomwe osunga ndalama amayesa kugula masheya apamwamba kwambiri pamitengo yowoneka bwino. Ngati kampani yakhala ikukula ndalama zokwana 15% pachaka m'zaka 5 zapitazi, ndipo tsopano ikugulitsa ndalama zochulukirapo ka 20, ikhoza kukhala yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi momwe idakulirakulira.
Kumbali inayi, ngati ndalama zakhala zikutsika ndipo katunduyo akugulitsabe ndalama zokwana 20, mwina ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndikupangira kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa P/E kwa kampaniyo.
P / E Zoyeserera: Chiyerekezo cha mtengo ndi phindu (P/E) ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupatula chifukwa n'zosavuta kuwerengera. Zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa omwe amagulitsa ndalama omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito potengera zomwe amapeza pagawo lililonse (EPS).
Kuti muwerenge chiŵerengero cha P/E, gawani mtengo pagawo lililonse ndi EPS. Zopeza pagawo lililonse ndi phindu la kampani logawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo.
P/E Ratio = Mtengo pa Gawo / Zopeza pagawo lililonse
Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa P / E kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera makampani. Ngakhale chiŵerengero cha P/E cha makampani ena ndichokulirapo kuposa china, katunduyo angakhalebe wosafunika.
Chiŵerengero cha P / E cha kampani chimadalira makampani ndi gawo la chitukuko cha kampani. Mwachitsanzo, makampani otsogola kwambiri monga makampani aukadaulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma P/E apamwamba chifukwa amaika ndalama zambiri pofufuza ndi chitukuko; makampaniwa akamakula, ma P/E awo amatsika.
2. Zigawidwe
Njira ina yopezera masheya amtengo wapatali ndi kudzera muzopindula. Gawo logawa likuwonetsa kuti kampani ili ndi ndalama zokwanira zoperekera phindu lake kwa osunga ndalama pafupipafupi. Makampani omwe amapereka malipiro nthawi zonse amakhala okhwima komanso osasunthika kusiyana ndi omwe salipira ndipo akhoza kukhala owopsa kwambiri.
Zokolola zamagulu zimayesa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mumapeza pa dola iliyonse yomwe mumagulitsa. Zimawerengedwa pogawa magawo a pachaka ndi mtengo pagawo lililonse ndikuwawonetsa ngati peresenti. Mukapeza phindu lalikulu, mumapeza ndalama zambiri.
Dividend Zokolola = Zogawana Pachaka Pagawo / Mtengo wamsika Pagawo lililonse
Ichi ndichifukwa chake masheya omwe amapindula kwambiri nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati "zamtengo wapatali". Nthawi zambiri amakhala okhwima, makampani okhazikika omwe amapanga ndalama zokhazikika pakapita nthawi.
Zogawana zimakupatsaninso mwayi kuti mupeze pomwe mukudikirira kuti makampani anu otsika mtengo akhale okwera mtengo. Muyenera kusankha kampani yomwe imalipira pafupipafupi malipiro.
3. Mtengo wa Kuwerengera Mtengo Wamtengo
Price-to-book (P/B) ndi chiŵerengero cha mtengo wa ndalama zomwe zimafananitsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa kampani ndi mtengo wake wamsika. Nthawi zina, metric iyi imadziwikanso kuti "market-to-book ratio". P/B ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufananitsa makampani ndi anzawo, kapena mkati mwa kampani imodzi pakapita nthawi.
Chiŵerengero cha P/B chimawerengedwa pogawa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali ndi mtengo wa bukhu pagawo lililonse.
P/B Ratio = Mtengo wamsika pagawo lililonse / Mtengo wa Bukhu pagawo lililonse
Mutha kupeza mtengo wabukhu pagawo lililonse pamiyeso. Zimatengera katundu ndi ngongole za kampaniyo.
Ngati chiŵerengero cha P/B chili chochepera 1, ndiye kuti mutha kugula zinthu zonse za kampaniyi ndi ndalama zochepa kuposa zomwe kapu yawo yamsika imanena kuti ndiyofunika. Mwanjira ina, mukupeza kuchotsera pogula katundu ndi bizinesi ya kampaniyi.
Ngati chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi buku ndi chachikulu kuposa 1, zikutanthauza kuti mukulipira zambiri kuposa zomwe kampaniyo ili nayo.
Chiŵerengero cha P / B sichiyenerana ndi kukula kwa masheya. Ndikoyenera kupatsa mtengo masheya, omwe nthawi zambiri alibe zopeza kapena zotayika pang'ono, koma zomwe zitha kukhala zochititsa chidwi.
4. Ngongole ku Equity Ratio
Chiŵerengero cha ngongole ku equity chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwachuma kwa kampani. Imawerengeredwa pogawa ngongole yanthawi yayitali ndi equity ya eni ake. Kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengerocho, ndipamenenso kampani imapindula kwambiri.
D/E Ratio = Ngongole Zonse / Zokwanira Zonse
Mukhoza kuona ngati katunduyo ndi wocheperapo kapena ayi poyang'ana chiŵerengero chake cha ngongole-to-equity ndikuchiyerekeza ndi chiŵerengero cha ngongole-to-equity ratio. Chifukwa chomwe ndimakonda kufananiza kampani yanga ndi ena m'makampani ake ndikuti makampani onse ali ndi "zoyenera" zosiyanasiyana pankhani yobwereka ndalama. Palinso zosiyana phindu la msonkho kutengera mtundu wabizinesi yomwe muli nayo.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuziwona mukamayamikira kampani. Ngati muli ndi phindu la Rs 1 Crore ndi Rs 2 Crore mungongole, sizabwino, ngakhale muli ndi phindu la Rs 1 Crore.
Chifukwa chomwe osunga ndalama ambiri amafunira kuyang'ana nambalayi ndikuti akufuna kugula makampani omwe angakwanitse kubweza ngongole zawo. Chifukwa chake, mukayika ndalama kukampani, muwonetsetsa kuti kampaniyo ili ndi ndalama zokwanira zomwe zikubwera, kuti zitha kubweza ngongole yake.
5. Bwererani pa Equity
Return on equity, kapena ROE, imayesa momwe kasamalidwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito moyenera ndalama zamabizinesi. Umu ndi momwe mumawerengera:
ROE = Ndalama zonse / Zogawana nawo
Kampani nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda mtengo ngati kubweza kwake kumakwera kuposa kukula kwake. Ngati ndinu wokonda ndalama, njira yosavuta yodziwira ngati msika uli wocheperako kapena ayi ndikuwona kubweza kwapakati pa msika. Ngati ndi yayikulu kuposa kukula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti imachepetsedwa.
Mukayang'ana deta kuyambira 2000 mpaka pano, kubweza kwapakati pazachuma ku India kwakhala pafupifupi 14%. Mutha kuwonanso kuti nambalayi imasinthasintha pakapita nthawi - nthawi zina imakhala yokwera komanso yotsika. Nthawi iliyonse ikatsika kuposa 10%, msika umalowa m'mavuto kwakanthawi kochepa. Mu 2001, 2008, ndi 2020, pamene chiwerengerochi chinatsika pansi pa 10%, tinali ndi kunyamula msika posakhalitsa pambuyo pake.
Mawu Final
Msika ndizovuta kwambiri kukhala wochita bwino. Chofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira ndikuti zinthu zambiri zimatsimikizira kufunika kwa kampani.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake, musanagule masheya, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mwachita kafukufuku wanu mozama ndikukhala ndi mphamvu. mbiri kuti amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito masheya ngakhale akutsika mtengo. Werengani Zida Zofufuza Zamsika ku India kusanthula masheya aliwonse m'misika yaku India.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwasangalala ndi nkhani yomwe ili pamwambayi, ndikufunirani zabwino zonse pamsika wamasheya.
Siyani Mumakonda