Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitoko umuntu angahweba ngazo, eNdiya. Isitoko empeleni yitemu eliqoqiwe lamasheya.
Isheya elilodwa lesitoko limelela ubunikazi benkampani ngokwemibandela yefractional.
Uma unezitoko eziningi zenkampani, kuphakama isabelo sakho noma ubunikazi enkampanini.
Lezi zitoko zithengiswa ngokuyinhloko ezimakethe ezimbili zaseNdiya, i I-National Stock Exchange kanye neBombay Stock Exchange.
Izinkampani ezifaka ohlwini lwamasheya azo okokuqala ngqa zikwenza emakethe eyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, imakethe yesibili ivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bathenge futhi badayise amasheya ezinkampani esezifakwe ohlwini.
Amasheya e-India ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezi-7 ezahlukene. Lezi zici yilezi -
Ngokusekelwe ezigabeni zesitoko/amalungelo okuvota:
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe emalungelweni okuvota abaninimasheya.
- Ezinye izitoko azibaniki abaninimasheya amandla okuvota emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, abanalo izwi ezinqumweni zabaphathi.
- Nakuba ezinye izitoko zivumela abaninimasheya ukuthi babambe iqhaza ezinqubweni zesinqumo ngokugcwele.
Banamalungelo afanele okuvota, futhi imibono yabo ibalulekile ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinqumo sokuphatha.
Isibonelo, i-Tata Motors, i-Pantaloons Retail India, zombili lezi zitoko zenkampani zinikeza abaninimasheya bazo amalungelo okuvota.
- Ezinye izitoko ziphinde zivumele abanikazi bamasheya ukuthi bavotele amavoti amaningi ezindabeni zenkampani ezahlukene.
Ngokusekelwe kumathrendi entengo:
Ezinye izitoko zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kuzitayela zentengo. Zincike ekuhambeni kwezintengo zesitoko noma ngokumelene neholo lenkampani.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ezinkulu zalezi zitoko -
- Izitokwe ezivikelayo: Lezi zitoko azikhathazwa izimo zomnotho kanye/noma zezimali.
Zibhekwa uma imakethe isesigabeni sebhere, okungukuthi, iphansi noma impofu. Isibonelo, izinkampani zokudla neziphuzo ziwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
- Amasheya ahamba ngamabhayisikili: Amasheya enkampani athintwa kakhulu izimo zezwe zezomnotho kanye/noma zezimali abona ukuguquguquka okukhulu nezinguquko zemakethe. Lezi izitoko ezijikelezayo.
Lezi zitoko zikhula ngokushesha ngesikhathi se-boom, futhi ukukhula kwazo kuhamba kancane emnothweni ohamba kancane.
Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi zisebenza ngokuvumelanisa nezimo zezomnotho. Izitokwe zezimoto ziyisibonelo sezitoko zalesi sigaba.
Ngokusekelwe enkokhelweni ye-dividend:
I-dividend iyingxenye yenzuzo esatshalaliswa inkampani kubanikazi bamasheya bayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba phezulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuphansi.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyalungiswa, kwesinye isikhathi kuya ngenzuzo yonyaka.
- Izitoko Zokukhula: Umuntu utshala kulezi zitoko ukuze azuze ekutshalweni kabusha enkampanini. Abakhokhi izinzuzo eziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kabusha kuvumela inkampani ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha; ngakho, igama.
Inani lamasheya nalo likhula ngokushesha ngokwezinga lokukhula kwenkampani. Ivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bazuze ngenzuzo ephezulu (okungukuthi umehluko phakathi kwenani abathenge ngalo isabelo kanye nenani lamanje lesheya).
Ifaneleka kakhulu kubatshalizimali abafuna isikhathi eside amandla okukhula. Labo abafuna umthombo osheshayo wemali engenayo noma imali engenayo akufanele bathembele kakhulu kulawa masheya.
Futhi bathwala ingozi enkulu kunabanye.
- Izitoko ezingenayo: Lezi zitoko zikhokha i-dividend ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula kwamasheya.
Inzuzo ephezulu iholela emalini engenayo ephezulu, yingakho, igama.
Lokhu kunikezwa inkampani ezinzile engakwazi ukukhokhela izinzuzo ezingaguquki. Kodwa lezi zinkampani futhi azinikezi ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Lezi zitoko ziyi-investimenti enhle kunoma ubani ofuna umthombo wesibili wemali engenayo.
Imali engenayo ye-dividend ayikhokhiswa intela futhi inkulu kubatshalizimali abangazifaki engozini.
Ngokusekelwe kumali emakethe:
Imali yemakethe yanoma iyiphi inkampani isamba sayo samasheya.
Ukubalwa kwakho kungokuphindaphinda inani lamanje lesitoko lenkampani ngenani eliphelele lamasheya asele emakethe.
Lezi yizinhlobo ezingu-3 eziyinhloko zamasheya ezisekelwe emalini yemakethe -
- Izitoko ezinkulu: Lezi izitokwe zamabhizinisi asezinzile anemali egciniwe enkulu.
Ziyizinkampani ze-blue-chip futhi zihlonishwa kakhulu. Lezi zitoko ziza nenzuzo yokuvuna izinzuzo eziphezulu.
I-ICICI Bank, i-Bharti Airtel, ne-Coal India ezinye zezibonelo zesitoko esikhulu e-India.
- Amasheya amaphakathi: Lawa amasheya ezinkampani ezinosayizi omaphakathi.
Banesilinganiso semakethe esingu-INR 250 crore kuya ku-INR 4,000 crore.
Lezi zinkampani zinamandla okukhula aphezulu kanye negama elaziwayo emakethe.
I-Relaxo Footwears kanye ne-Polycab India ngezinye zezitoko ezimaphakathi umuntu angahweba ngazo.
Ngezansi kunohlu lwezitoko ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimaphakathi nezinkulu ngo-2020-21.
- Izitoko ezincane: Lezi zitoko zinosayizi omncane kakhulu emakethe.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi abakwazi ukudlula izitoko ezinkulu. Bangakwazi ngempela!
Usayizi wenkampani kuphela mncane, unemali yemakethe efinyelela ku-INR 250 crore.
Uma ungumuntu ofuna ukuzibophezela isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuba nemigomo ethile yamanje ye-dividend, amasheya amancane angawakho.
Banamandla amahle okukhula futhi bafakazela izinzuzo ezibalulekile phakathi nokuguquguquka kwentengo. Lezi zinkampani zintsha emakethe.
I-Bajaj Consumer Care iyisitoko esincane esihle somtshali-zimali ofuna ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona.
Ngokusekelwe kubunikazi:
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-3 zezitoko ezisekelwe kubunikazi, ezinikeza abatshalizimali amalungelo ahlukene namandla okukhula esikhathini eside.
- Izitoko ezithandwayo nezivamile: Izitoko ezithandwayo zinikeza abatshalizimali isamba esinqunyiwe se-dividend minyaka yonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benzani. Amasheya avamile, nokho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, awanikezi i-dividend ehleliwe njalo ngonyaka.
Ukuguquguquka kwentengo kusitoko esithandwayo kuncane kunesitoko esivamile. Izitoko ezivamile zihlala zithola inzuzo ngokubalulekile noma nini lapho inkampani inemali eningi engayikhipha.
Abanikazi bamasheya abavamile banamalungelo okuvota; nokho, abanikazi besitoko abathandwayo abakwenzi.
Izabelo ezithandwayo aphinde ahlukaniswe abe izigaba ezi-3 -
- Izabelo ezithandwayo eziqoqiwe: Anikeza umnikazi ilungelo lawo wonke ama-dividends ezehlile esikhathini esidlule. Ngale ndlela, umninimasheya akalokothi alahlekelwe isabelo sakhe sezabelomali.
- Ukwabelana okuthandwayo okungaqoqiyo: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lokhu kwabelana akuqoqi izabelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le nzuzo iphuma enzuzweni yale nkampani yonyaka. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo ezisele uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa azisona isimangalo eminyakeni ezayo.
- Izabelo ezithandwayo ezisebenzisekayo: Lawa masheya anenketho eshayekayo. Inkampani ingakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinzuzo kamuva. Inkampani iphetha kusengaphambili inani ethenga ngalo amasheya.
- Izitoko ezihlanganisiwe: Ezinye izinkampani zinikeza amasheya athandwayo kanye nenketho yokuwaguqula abe amasheya avamile kamuva.
Lokhu kuhilela izimo ezithile, njengesilinganiso sokuguqulwa esizosethwa inkampani ngokwayo.
Zibizwa nangokuthi izitoko ezithandwayo eziguqulwayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi banamalungelo okuvota futhi ngezinye izikhathi abanawo.
Amasheya anenketho eshumekiwe yokuphuma kokunye: Izitoko ezinjalo azivamile ukutholakala futhi 'ziyashayeka' noma 'ziyabekeka'.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitoko esikwaziyo ukubizwa sinenketho yokuthenga kabusha inkampani ngokushesha, ngentengo ethile ngesikhathi esithile.
Kodwa-ke, isitokwe esibekekayo sinikeza umnikazi waso ukuthi asithengisele inkampani nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi, ngentengo ethile.
Ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziyisisekelo:
Abatshalizimali abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inani lentengo kufanele lilingane ne- inani langaphakathi kwesabelo.
Inani elingaphakathi kwanoma iliphi isheya yinani eliwumgomo lempahla, okungukuthi, isitoko.
Izabelo ezinjalo ziyizinhlobo ezi-2 -
- Amasheya anenani eleqile: Lezi zitoko zidlula inani langaphakathi futhi ngenxa yalokho zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu.
- Amasheya Angenanani Eliphansi: Uma intengo yemakethe yanoma yiliphi isheya ingaphansi kwevelu yayo engaphakathi, iwukunganani kwesheya. Lokhu ukuthenga okuhle!
Ngokusekelwe engcupheni:
Ubungozi besitoko buncike kakhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwentengo yaso. Izitoko eziguquguqukayo ziyingozi, futhi lezo ezingaphephile ziphephe ngokufanelekile.
Kodwa-ke, amasheya e-riskier anikezela ngembuyiselo ephezulu kubatshalizimali namasheya, okuyingozi ephansi, ekhiqiza imbuyiselo ephansi.
Wonke umtshali-zimali unomunye walezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Omunye umtshali-zimali ongafuni ukuzifaka engozini futhi ofuna ukutshala izimali eziphephile.
Abafuni izinzuzo eziphezulu kodwa izinzuzo ezinzile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abatshalizimali banesifiso esiyingozi kakhulu futhi bakulungele ukutshala imali ezitokisini eziyingozi. Bayachuma ngokuthola imbuyiselo eminingi kulezo zitoko futhi abakhathazeki ngokuthi bazolahlekelwa kakhulu.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, izitoko zihlukaniswa ngezansi -
- Izitoko ze-Beta: The i-beta ibizwa nangokuthi isilinganiso sengozi. Uthola i-beta ngokubala ukuguquguquka kwentengo yesitoko/isabelo.
Uma i-beta ivuma, kusho ukuthi isitoko sihamba ngokuvumelanisa nemakethe. Uma i-beta inegethivu, kusho ukuthi isitoko sihamba ngokumelene nayo. Uma iphezulu i-beta, ingozi iyanda.
Uma inani le-beta liphuma lingaphezu kokungu-1, lisho ubungozi obukhulu nokuthi isitoko siguquguquka kakhulu emakethe.
Abatshalizimali abanolwazi lwe-beta benza izinqumo ngokufanele.
- Izitokwe ze-Blue-chip: Lezi yilezo zitoko zenkampani ezinesikweletu esiphansi kanye nezinzuzo ezizinzile.
Lezi yizinkampani ezaziwayo futhi azikho engozini kakhulu ukutshala imali kuzo. Ziphinde zikhokhe izabelo ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kumtshali-zimali ofuna umthombo ojwayelekile wemali engenayo.
Lezi zinkampani ziwukubheja okuhle kubantu abafuna izindlela eziphephile zokutshala imali ngamafemu anengqondo futhi azinzile ngokwezimali.
ISIPHUMELELO:
Sifunde izinhlobo eziningi zezitoko ngenhla, okufakazela ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezitoko zalo lonke uhlobo lwabatshalizimali emakethe.
Abantu abafuna ukutshala imali isikhathi eside, okwesikhathi esifushane, abatshalizimali abafuna ubungozi obukhulu kanye nengozi ephansi, abatshalizimali abadinga umthombo ozinzile wemali engenayo yesibili kanye nabatshalizimali abangenandaba kakhulu nezabelo ezimisiwe.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluhlobo luni lomtshali-zimali, unolaka noma ucashile, kunezinketho eziningi emakethe yamasheya ongakhetha kuzo.
Kunezinhlanganisela eziningi zesitoko ezinobuhle nobubi obuhlukahlukene ezikuzuzisayo futhi zibe nezindleko zamathuba.
Ngokuvumelana nokufaneleka kwakho nalokho okubukayo, ungabheka amasheya ahlukene futhi utshale imali kuwo ucabangela isifiso sakho sokudla engozini kanye nemigomo yezezimali!
shiya impendulo