Pokhala ndi mangongole ambiri owoneka bwino komanso zinthu zodula pamsika, wogula akupanga zisankho zoyipa zachuma.
Zikatero, zimakhala zosatheka kusintha chizoloŵezichi chifukwa chotengera anzawo komanso kufuna kulandirira chilichonse.
Komabe, mutha kuwongolera izi potsatira malingaliro oyenera ndipo mutha kukwaniritsa izi ndi malingaliro oyenera.
Nawa zitsanzo zogwira mtima kwambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zoyenera zachuma.
Kodi Zitsanzo za Maganizo Ndi Chiyani?
M'chinenero cha layman, zitsanzo zamaganizo sizili kanthu koma chifaniziro cha momwe chinachake chimagwirira ntchito. Monga momwe malingaliro a anthu ponena za dziko alili osiyana, zitsanzo zamaganizo zimathandiza kumvetsetsa mmene munthu amaonera dziko m’maganizo ake ovuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zamaganizidwe zimatithandiza kupanga zisankho zabwinoko komanso zachangu ndipo zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri popanga zosankha zachuma. Komabe, popeza kuti anthu oganiza bwino ali apadera mwa iwo okha, sitinganene kuti ndi opusa kapena olephera kotheratu.
Sizolondola nthawi zonse kapena zothandiza, koma zimathandizira kupanga zisankho zabwinoko ndi chidziwitso chonse. Mungagwiritse ntchito zitsanzo zamaganizo ngakhale pamene zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zonse amakhala panjira ndipo chifukwa chake amatha kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
Monga momwe pali mfundo zasayansi zamalingaliro asayansi, zitsanzo zamalingaliro zimakhala ngati maziko abwino kwambiri opangira zosankha zachuma. Choncho, iwo ali ndi udindo waukulu popanga zisankho.
Mwachitsanzo, kwa wochita bizinesi, zitsanzo zamaganizidwe zimapereka chikhazikitso cha momwe angapitirire patsogolo pabizinesi popanga zisankho zomveka za kukula kwa bizinesi.
Mofananamo, kwa wamalonda, kupanga zosankha zoyenera pazachuma pa nthawi yoyenera zikhoza kuchitika pokhapokha ngati zitsanzo zolondola zamaganizo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi Zosankha Zoyenera Zazachuma Zimatanthauza Chiyani?
Zosankha zachuma zimatha kukhala zofunika kwambiri nthawi zina, motero ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala kwambiri. Kaya ndalama zanu kapena zamakampani, muyenera kugawa bwino kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwachuma kapena kusakhazikika.
Muyenera kukhala tcheru ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo choyenera chamaganizo kuti mupange zisankho zoyenera zachuma panthawi yoyenera kwambiri.
Pansipa pali mndandanda wa Ma Mental Models 5 ogwira mtima kwambiri omwe angakuthandizeni kupanga zisankho zoyenera zachuma. Onani iwo:
1. Mphamvu Yophatikiza
Kuphatikizira kungafotokozedwe mophweka ngati njira yowonjezera chiwongoladzanja pa chiwongoladzanja choyamba. Izi zimapitilira mpaka ndalama zoyambira zimayendetsedwa amafika kukhwima.
Chifukwa cha kuphatikizika, osati ndalama zoyambilira zokha, komanso chiwongola dzanja chopezeka pamutuwu zimabweretsa phindu pakapita nthawi. Izi zimapitilira mosalekeza, kukuthandizani kuti mupange phindu kuchokera pamtengo woyambira komanso pachiwongola dzanja chilichonse chomwe mwapeza.
Mwachitsanzo,
Ndalama yaikulu = Rs. 100, ROI = 10% pa, Period = zaka 10
Kumapeto kwa Chaka 1 = Chiwongoladzanja chowonjezeka pa mphunzitsi wamkulu ndi Rs.10 (10% pa pa Rs.100)
Chifukwa chake, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa pambuyo pa chaka zimakhala
Principal + Chaka 1 chidwi = 100 + 10 = 110
Kumapeto kwa Chaka 2 = Chiwongola dzanja chowonjezeka ndi Rs.11 [10% pa Rs.110 (Rs.100 + Rs.10)
Kumapeto kwa Chaka 3 = Chiwongola dzanja chowonjezeka ndi Rs.12.1 [10% pa Rs.121 (Rs.100 + Rs.10 + Rs.11) Ndi zina zotero .... Mwanjira iyi, mphamvu yophatikizira imathandizira kukula kwachuma chanu pakapita nthawi.
2. Mtengo wa Mwayi
Popanga zosankha zachuma, muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri ndalama zobisika osati ndalama zachindunji. Mtengo wa mwayi umatchulidwa modziwika ngati mtengo wokhudzana ndi mwayi womwe watayidwa.
Titha kunena kuti chilichonse chomwe tingachite, pali mtengo wake pachilichonse. Mtengo wa mwayi umabwera pachithunzipa ngati pali njira zina zomwe mungasankhe. Pankhani ya njira imodzi yokha, palibe mtengo wa mwayi.
Komabe, nthawi zonse munthu akaganiza zoyika ndalama ndikuyimitsa ndalama zake, amapeza njira zingapo. Muzochitika zotere, ndalama zomwe zatayika poyika ndalama mu 'A' m'malo mwa 'B' zitha kutchedwa mtengo wamwayi.
Mtengo wa mwayi ndi chitsanzo chofunikira kwambiri chamalingaliro chomwe chimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zomwe munthu ali nazo zochepa komanso zosoŵa kumapangidwira phindu lanu.
3. Net Present Value
Mtengo wamakono si kanthu koma mtengo wandalama lero zomwe zidzakhwima mtsogolo. Choncho, ndi dzina loperekedwa ku mtengo wamakono wa ndalama zomwe zidzakhwima m'tsogolomu. Ndichitsanzo chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakuthandizani kusankha polojekiti yomwe muyenera kusankha.
Nthawi zambiri, pulojekiti yokhala ndi NPV yabwino komanso yapamwamba imasankhidwa kuposa yomwe ili ndi NPV yotsika kapena yoyipa. NPV imatanthawuza zonse kutsika kwa ndalama anawonjezera pamodzi. Kuchotsera kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito chiwongola dzanja choyenera pamayendedwe andalama kuti asinthe kuchoka pamtengo wam'tsogolo kupita pamtengo wapano.
Mwa njira iyi, ndi kuwerengera koyenera kutengera mitengo yoyenera yochotsera, NPV ikhoza kuwerengedwa. Zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri popanga zisankho zoyenera pazachuma panthawi yoyenera.
4. Ubwino Woyerekeza
Ubwino Woyerekeza umatanthawuza ku chinthu chomwe munthu ali nacho bwino ndikutsimikizira kuti ndi chopindulitsa kwambiri. Munthu angagwiritse ntchito ubwino woterewu ngati ali wosiyana.
Malinga ndi Lamulo la Comparative Advantage, zisankho zanu ziyenera kuganizira mtengo wa mwayi. Ziyenera kukhala mosasamala kanthu kuti mtheradi wa Advantage ulipo kapena ayi.
Tiyerekeze ngati pali Ubwino weniweni pakati pa zinthu ziwiri, yemwe ali ndi mwayi wotsika kwambiri ayenera kusankhidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa mwapadera.
Ichi ndi chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino chazachuma chomwe chingathandize kupanga zisankho zolondola zandalama kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino pazachuma.
5. Pepani Kuchepetsa
Cholinga chachikulu cha chitsanzo ichi cha m'maganizo ndikuchepetsa chisoni chamtsogolo posanthula ndi kufunsa mafunso omwe angasankhe pazachuma pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi. Lingaliro lachitsanzo ichi ndi momwe tsogolo la munthu lingaganizire za zisankho zomwe munthu angatenge lero. Imayang'ana pang'ono pamalingaliro amalingaliro amunthu kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe zodandaula zazikulu m'tsogolomu.
Komanso, chitsanzo ichi chamaganizo chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi Jeff Bezos. Anagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chamaganizo ichi kusiya ntchito yake yeniyeni ndikuyamba Amazon pamene intaneti inali mu boom. Chifukwa cha chitsanzo chamaganizo ichi, tsopano tili ndi Amazon monga tikudziwira lero.
Kufunsa funso losavuta monga ngati lingaliro lingakupangitseni bondo zaka zingapo pansi pa mzere nthawi zina kungakuthandizeni kupanga chisankho choyenera nokha. Choncho ganizirani mwanzeru, ndipo sankhani zosankha zimene zingadzakuchititseni kudzanong’oneza bondo m’tsogolo.
Kuphatikiza Pamwamba
Mutha kumvetsetsa zitsanzo zamaganizidwe ngati zodziwikiratu zomwe zingapereke zotsatira zosiyana ndi zomwe zotsatira zake zikadakhala mutapanga zisankho zachuma kutengera zikhulupiriro zawo zoyambirira. Amakhala ngati bokosi lothandizira popanga zisankho mogwira mtima.
Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zitsanzo zoyenera zayikidwa kuti zithetse vuto linalake, monganso kuti si chida chilichonse chomwe chili choyenera pa nkhani iliyonse.
Posankha dongosolo loyenera lamalingaliro, mutha kupanga zisankho zoyenera pazachuma panthawi yoyenera, motero kuwonetsetsa kuti mwayi wopeza chuma chambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
Siyani Mumakonda