I-Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) sisihloko sengxoxo enkulu kumaxesha akutshanje.
Nangona abaninzi abaxhasi bephikisa ukuba i-CBDCs inamandla okuphucula ukubandakanywa kwemali, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, abanye bayathandabuza ngakumbi imiphumo enokubakho ye-CBDCs, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhulayo afana neIndiya.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokufunda iziphumo ezingalunganga ze-CBDCs, ndingafuna ukuba uqale uqonde ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye ii-CBDCs kwaye kutheni zizuza ukubaluleka kweli xesha lanamhlanje.
Yintoni ii-CBDCs?
I-CBDCs ziimali zedijithali ezikhutshwe ziibhanki eziphambili, ezijolise ekunikeni abemi ngenye indlela kwiimali zemveli zefiat. Ingcamango emva kwe-CBDCs kukubonelela ngenkqubo yokuhlawula ekhuselekileyo kunye nesebenzayo, ngelixa ukwandisa ukubandakanywa kwemali ngokwenza kube lula ukuba abantu bafikelele kwiinkonzo zemali zedijithali.
Izizathu zokuba kutheni amazwe ekugqibeleni eqhubela phambili ekuthatheni ii-CBDCs ziimpawu kunye neenzuzo ezizithwalayo.
Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zeempawu ze-CBDCs eziphawulekayo kulo mba:
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Ufikeleleko oluphuculweyo: I-CBDCs ingasetyenziselwa kwiiplatifti zedijithali kunye nezixhobo, okwenza ukuba zifikeleleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwabantu, kubandakanywa nalabo abangenakho ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zebhanki zendabuko.
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Ukhuseleko olomeleziweyo: I-CBDCs zisebenzisa i-cryptography kunye namanye amanyathelo okhuseleko lwedijithali ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthengiselana kukhuselekile kwaye akukho nkohliso.
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UFanelo olwandisiweyo: I-CBDCs inikezela ngokuthengiselana ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa nemali yephepha yendabuko, njengoko inokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhuselekile ngokusebenzisa iiplatifti zedijithali.
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Ukulandeleka: I-CBDCs inikezela ngerekhodi yazo zonke iintengiselwano, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela ukuthengiselana kunye nokufumanisa nayiphi na imisebenzi yobuqhetseba.
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Ukuzinza ngexesha lokwenyani: I-CBDCs inikezela ngokulungiswa kwexesha langempela lokuthengiselana, oku kuthetha ukuba intlawulo inokwenziwa kwaye ifumaneke ngokukhawuleza.
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Ukubandakanywa kwezeMali: I-CBDCs inamandla okunyusa ukubandakanywa kwemali, ngokubonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkonzo zezimali zedijithali kubantu abangenakho ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zebhanki zendabuko.
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Ukonga iindleko: I-CBDCs inokunceda ukunciphisa iindleko ezinxulumene nokuprinta, ukujikeleza, kunye nokucubungula imali ebonakalayo, kwaye inokunciphisa imirhumo yokuthengiselana xa kuthelekiswa neenkonzo zebhanki eziqhelekileyo.
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IiNtlawulo zemida: I-CBDCs inokuququzelela iintlawulo eziwela umda kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemali, okwenza kube lula ukuba abantu bathumele kwaye bafumane imali evela phesheya.
Kutheni ii-CBDCs zinokuba ngunobangela wokuxhalaba kubemi baseIndiya?
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezinokubakho, kukho imingcipheko emininzi enxulumene ne-CBDCs, ngakumbi kumxholo waseIndiya.
Ndifuna ukukhanyisa ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni ii-CBDCs zingenakufaneleka kubemi baseIndiya kwaye kutheni abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka balumke malunga nokwamkela le teknoloji intsha.
Ukungabandakanywa kwezeMali
Enye yeenkxalabo ezinkulu nge-CBDCs kukuba banokugqiba ngaphandle kokungabandakanyi inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi, ngokukodwa abo bangafundanga ngeteknoloji okanye banokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwiiteknoloji zedijithali.
Ndinokucinga nje ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okukhulu ngokwasezimalini kwabantu abaninzi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. E-Indiya, apho inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi isaxhomekeke kwintengiselwano yemali, oku kunokukhokelela ekujongelwe phantsi ngakumbi kwaye kwandise ukungalingani okukhoyo.
UBucala obuncitshisiweyo
Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo nge-CBDCs yimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe nayo kubumfihlo.
Kuba ii-CBDCs kunokwenzeka ukuba zibe phantsi kweliso likarhulumente, oku kunokujongela phantsi imfihlo yabemi. Oku kuyingxaki ngakumbi kwilizwe elifana neIndiya, apho iinkxalabo zabucala sele ziphezulu ngenxa yokungabikho kwemithetho eyomeleleyo yokhuseleko lwedatha.
Urhulumente unokusebenzisa ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwiintengiselwano ze-CBDC ukujonga imisebenzi yezemali yabemi, enokuba nemiphumo emibi kubumfihlo kunye nenkululeko yoluntu.
Ulawulo olumbindi
Andikwazanga ukugxininisa ngokwaneleyo kule ngongoma. I-CBDCs ikhutshwa kwaye ilawulwa ngu iiBhanki ezingoovimba, okuthetha ukuba ziphantsi kolawulo oluphakathi.
Oku kuyinkxalabo enkulu kwilizwe elifana ne-Indiya, apho urhulumente unembali yokulawula ukuhamba kolwazi kunye nokuthintela ukufikelela kwiintlobo ezithile zolwazi.
Ukuba urhulumente wayeza kusebenzisa i-CBDCs ukulawula ukuhamba kolwazi okanye ukukhawulela ukufikelela kwiintlobo ezithile zentengiselwano, oku kunokuba nemiphumo emibi.
Ngapha koko, urhulumente ulawula ngokupheleleyo le mali kwaye unokumisa ukuhamba kwee-CBDCs nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ungajonga njani kwi-demonetization eyenzekayo ekupheleni kwe-2016. Ewe, ngeli xesha, kuya kuba lula kakhulu kurhulumente kunye ne-CBDCs.
Ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho
I-CBDCs inokukhokelela ekungazinzi okukhulu kwezoqoqosho, njengoko zinokuthi zixhomekeke ekuguquguqukeni ngokukhawuleza kwexabiso, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo anoqoqosho olubuthathaka.
Oku kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kuzinzo lwenkqubo yezemali, ngakumbi ngamaxesha obunzima.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inani elikhulu labantu laliza kulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuzithemba kwixabiso le-CBDC, oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokukhawuleza kwexabiso layo, kunye nemiphumo enokubakho kuqoqosho olubanzi.
Iinkxalabo zoKhuseleko
Enye inkxalabo enkulu nge-CBDCs yinto enokwenzeka ye-cybercrime.
I-CBDCs ingaba sesichengeni sokuqhekezwa kunye nezinye iindlela ze-cybercrime, ezinokubangela ukulahlekelwa yimali kubemi. Oku kunokuba nemiphumo emibi yokuzinza kwenkqubo yezemali kwaye kunokunciphisa ukuzithemba kwiimali zedijithali.
Kwilizwe elifana neIndiya, apho ubugebenga bekhompyutha sele kuyingxaki enkulu, le yenye inkxalabo enkulu.
Ukhuphiswano kunye neNkqubo yeBhanki
I-CBDCs ingakhokelela kukhuphiswano kunye nenkqubo yebhanki ekhoyo, enokubangela ukuvalwa kweebhanki ezininzi ezincinci kunye neziphakathi. Nokuba uyazi ukuba ayizizo zonke iibhanki ezinenkxaso eyaneleyo yeziseko zophuhliso ukwenza ii-CBDCs.
Oku kunokukhokelela kugxininiso olungakumbi lwamandla emali ezandleni zamaziko amakhulu ambalwa, okuneziphumo ezibi kukhuphiswano nokuzinza kwezemali.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuba i-CBDCs yayiza kwamkelwa ngokubanzi, inokukhupha iimali zemveli, ezinokubangela ilahleko enkulu kwiibhanki, ngakumbi ukuba azikwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo.
Ukunqongophala koMgaqo
Ukongeza, ii-CBDCs zinokuba ngumngeni wokulawula ngokufanelekileyo, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhulayo.
Oku kunokukhokelela ekunqongopheleni kokuvuleleka kunye noxanduva, olunokuba neziphumo ezibi kubemi.
Kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubemi ukuba bathwale uxanduva kwabo banoxanduva kwimeko yokwaphulwa kokhuseleko okanye omnye umba, umzekelo.
Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantu baphulukane nokholo kwinkqubo, enokuba yingozi kwisakhono se-CBDCs sokuphumelela.
Amaqokobhe enathi
Ndingathatha i-Bitcoin phezu kwe-CBDCs nangayiphi na imini.
Ngenjongo yeDijithali yaseIndiya, amaIndiya ajonge ukwamkela itekhnoloji ngandlela zonke.
I-UPI yayiyenye yezona nguqu zinkulu kwishishini lentlawulo elaxatyiswa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngubani owayecinga ukuba siya kukwazi ukuhlawula ngeenombolo zefowuni okanye ngokuskena nje ikhowudi ye-QR?
Ndiyakwazi ukuqikelela ukuba i-CBDCs inokuzisa inguqu enkulu elandelayo kwishishini leentlawulo kunye nenkqubo yemali yaseIndiya iyonke.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ii-CBDCs zinokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezinokubakho, kukwakho nemingcipheko emininzi ebalulekileyo kunye nemingeni ehambelana nokuphunyezwa kwazo.
Kwimeko yaseIndiya, le mingcipheko inokuthi ivakaliswe ngokukodwa, kwaye abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka baqwalasele ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba bathathe isigqibo sokuqhubela phambili nophuhliso lwe-CBDC.
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba urhulumente waseIndiya kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba unika ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nee-CBDCs kubemi bakhe.
Oku ikakhulu kubandakanya oMakwenziwe kunye nokungaWenziyo ngelixa kusetyenzwa kwii-CBDC, kunye nezilumkiso ekufuneka abemi baziqinisekise. Ngaphaya koko, ukuphakamisa zonke iindidi zabantu ukuba basebenzise itekhnoloji kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, njengoko ii-CBDCs ziyimali yedijithali.
Urhulumente unokujongana nobunzima ekulinganiseni ukusetyenziswa kwee-CBDCs ngenxa yabantu abangenazo i-tech-savvy ngokwaneleyo ukuba basebenze kwi-CBDCs, kwaye imele i-chunk enkulu yabemi bethu. Ukuphunyezwa, ulawulo, kunye nokulawulwa kwee-CBDCs kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yabo kwilizwe elinabantu be-1.4 yezigidigidi.
Shiya iMpendulo