Ngokukhula kwedijithali kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ukonyuka kokuqala kweemali zedijithali kwabonwa xa iimali ze-crypto zithatha inqwelomoya entsha kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, zilandelwa luqoqosho lwaseIndiya.
Lixesha kuphela apho uqoqosho lusungula ezalo iimali zedijithali ngenxa yotshintshiselwano olukhawulezayo kunye namaxesha okuthengiselana anxulumene nabo.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, iintlawulo ezenziwe ngeemali zedijithali zixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwaye ngoko nangoko xa kuthelekiswa namanqaku kunye neengqekembe zemali.
I-Indiya sele iza kungqina iimvavanyo zayo zokuqala zeBhanki ePhakamileyo yeDijithali yeMali yi-RBI – irupee yedijithali kwinyanga kaDisemba kulo nyaka.
Yintoni iBhanki Enkulu yeMali yeDijithali (CBDC)?
Ngaphambi kokuba sitsibe ekubalulekeni kwemali yedijithali, masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni kanye kanye.
I-Reserve Bank yase-Indiya ichaza i-Central Bank Digital Currency njengethenda esemthethweni ekhutshwa phantsi okanye yibhanki enguvimba ngokohlobo lwayo lwedijithali. Ibamba ixabiso / ixabiso elifanayo njengemali ye-fiat ekhoyo kwimarike kwaye iyatshintshiselwa ngeendlela ezifanayo njengemali ebonakalayo.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-e-currency yinguqulelo eyenzekileyo ukuze kuguqulwe iindlela imali enokuthi igcinwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngayo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yekamva. Usekela-RBI uSekela-Rhuluneli uphinde wakhankanya indlela imali yedijithali yaseIndiya efana ngayo ngqo nemali ebonakalayo, ekhoyo kuphela ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Imali yedijithali inokuphinda ibizwe ngohlobo lwenyani lwemali ebonakalayo.
I-CBDC iza kubonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ngokuvumela abantu ukuba babe kwimeko yokuphatha imali engenamthungo. Kanye njengemali ebonakalayo, imali ye-imeyile nayo iza kusebenza njengetyala kwibhanki enguvimba xa ikhutshiwe.
Imali ye-elektroniki ezimeleyo inokutshintshwa ngokuhambelana nemali, njengoko kukhankanyiwe nguMnu. Sankar - usekela-rhuluneli we-RBI.
Ungabhatala njani nge-CBDCs?
Ukuba uyayazi indlela yokuhlawula ngesipaji sedijithali, sele uyazi kakhulu malunga nendlela iintlawulo ze-CBDC eziya kusebenza ngayo. IBhanki enguVimba yaseIndiya iya kukhupha ubonelelo olusisigxina lwemali yedijithali abemi baseIndiya abaya kuyifumana nge-elektroniki kwaye bayichithe ngendlela efanayo.
Le mali, nangona kunjalo, iya kuvunyelwa ukuba itshintshwe nge-hard cash xa ifuneka.
Ngokuhlawula nge-CBDC, akusayi kuphinda kubekho imfuneko yokuhlawulwa kwentlawulo ye-interbank kuba imali ehlawulweyo okanye efunyenweyo iya kuhlaliswa ngokuthe ngqo, kanye ukuba ihlawulwe njani xa ufumana okanye uhlawula inqaku elibonakalayo kwintengiselwano.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-Cryptocurrencies, ii-CBDCs azikho phantsi.
Iza kulawulwa kwaye ikhutshwe yibhanki engundoqo yelizwe okanye igunya lezemali. Kungoko, ubutyebi nobunini bemali buya kugqithiselwa okanye bugqithiswe ngaphandle kweengxaki ngokuphunyezwa lula kwayo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali neyezemali.
Oku ke kuya kukhokelela kulungelelwaniso lwedatha oluphuculweyo kwaye kwandise kakhulu usasazo lwezibonelelo kwilizwe liphela.
Kutheni le nto iBhanki engundoqo yaseIndiya izimisele kangaka ekukhupheni iimali zedijithali?
Ngaphandle kwe-Indiya, amanye amazwe angama-83 sele eqalile ukulandela uphuhliso lwe-CBDC ukususela ngo-2011. Ukusuka eSweden ukuya e-United States, akukho nakuphi na uqoqosho olukhulu olungakhange luqalise ukuya kwidijithali ngemali yabo.
Ibhanki ephakathi yaseIndiya, nayo, icinga ngendlela efanayo, iqonde imfuno eyandayo yeemali zedijithali, ngakumbi emva kokunyuka kweemali zabucala zedijithali ezifana neBitcoin kunye ne-Ethereum, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cryptocurrencies.
Zonke iibhanki ezingoovimba ezinikezela ngeemali zedijithali zisebenza njengenye indlela exhaswa ngokuzimeleyo nethembekileyo kwezo zimali zedijithali zabucala, zikhusela abantu ngokuchasene nokuguquguquka kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo efanayo.
Iindleko zokukhupha iimali zedijithali nazo ziphantsi kakhulu kunokushicilela kunye nokusabalalisa imali yangoku ye-fiat kuqoqosho. Nje ukuba idalwe i-rupee yedijithali, inokuhlawulwa phakathi kwabemi ngaphandle kobunzima, malunga neendleko zero.
Ekubeni i-RBI iya kukwazi ukujonga ngokulula imali yedijithali, iya kwenza yonke i-e-cash ejikelezayo kuqoqosho ilandeleke, ngokungafani nemali ebonakalayo.
Oku kuya kwenza ukuba ibhanki enguvimba ikwazi ukulawula uhlobo lwemali yedijithali kananjalo ithobe imiba ehamba nemali enzima, efana norhwaphilizo nokunyoba.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iza kusebenza njengebhloko yokwakha uqoqosho lwaseIndiya, yonke into isenziwa ngokwedijithali kwaye ibekwe iliso phantsi kwenethiwekhi yokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nokulandeleka ngokulula.
Ubhubhani we-covid-19 ubangele ukuba ibhanki ephakathi yaseIndiya ikhawulezise ukuphonononga, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemali yedijithali. Ngokuvalwa koqoqosho kunye namashishini ahamba kwi-Intanethi, iintlawulo ziye zahamba ngedijithali.
Abantu ngoku bakhetha ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuhlawula nge-imeyile endaweni yemali enzima ukunqanda naluphi na unxibelelwano olungeyomfuneko nabantu abangabaziyo abanokosulelwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqaliswa kwe-e-currency kwakuyintshukumo ehlakaniphile, emva kwayo yonke into, ukuze uhambisane nokutshintsha kwamaxesha.
Okokugqibela kodwa kuncinci, ukutshintshela kwi-e-currency kuya kunika ukubandakanywa kwezemali okuqinisekileyo, ngokukodwa kwilizwe elibanzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo njenge-Indiya, njengoko abantu kuyo yonke indawo naphi na baya kuba nokufikelela kwemali kunye nesandi malunga nemali yabo.
Oku kuya kunceda abantu abakwiindawo ezikude ukuba babe nokufikelela ngokulula kwimali abanokuyichitha kwaye bade bayithumele ekhaya xa ifuneka, ngaphandle kobunzima bokuthumela imali enzima ngeposi.
I-Central Bank ithatha i-tokenization
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwedatha kunye nokuthembeka kwentengiselwano, iBhanki enguVimba yaseIndiya igqibe ekubeni isebenze kububanzi be-tokenization ngokusungulwa kwemali yedijithali.
Ekubeni wonke umntu, ukusuka kwiinkampani, abantu ukuya kwiintlanga babambe idatha ebuthathaka kunye nabo kunye nangaphakathi kweenkqubo zabo, i-tokenization iya kunceda ukukhusela le datha ngokususa / ukususa naluphi na ulwazi oluxabisekileyo olukhoyo kunye nokubuyisela ngamathokheni.
Ukulandelelana kolwazi kuchithwa kwiintambo ezincinci ezifana namagama angundoqo, amabinzana, okanye iimpawu ezikhokelela kwintengiselwano yentlawulo egudileyo kunye nabasebenzisi abakhuselekileyo.
I-Tokenization iya kujolisa ukhuseleko olungcono lwenkqubo yokuhlawula yonke, ukukhusela abasebenzisi / abemi ngokuchasene nobusela kunye nezicelo eziphosakeleyo. Oku kuya kwenziwa ngokutshintshela iinkcukacha zangempela ezinxulumene nemali kunye nekhowudi ekhethekileyo enokuthiwa ithokheni.
Ibhanki ephakathi ithembise ngeenkonzo ze-tokenization kubemi bayo ngenjongo yokuthatha phantse zonke iintengiselwano ezinokwenzeka kwi-intanethi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba lula kunye nokhuseleko kwiintengiselwano zekhadi.
Ngaba i-CBDC iyafana ne-cryptocurrencies?
Ngokufutshane, akukho. Ii-Cryptocurrencies azinalo ixabiso langaphakathi njengangoku, kwaye nangona zamkelwa njengendlela yokuhlawula, kwaye i-Bitcoin ikwajongwa njengethenda esemthethweni kwilizwe elinye, akukho gunya likarhulumente elixhasa ii-cryptocurrencies.
Ubukho bonke be-cryptocurrencies busekelwe kubasebenzisi abangaziwa okanye amaqela abasebenzisi abangenalo iqela lesithathu eligunyazisayo kwaye lilandelele ukuthengiselana.
Kwakhona kukho umda kwinani leemali ezinokuthi zikhutshwe njenge-cryptocurrencies (i-21 yezigidi kwimeko ye-Bitcoin), kanti akukho mda wokukhutshwa kwemali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi, ngaphandle kokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuhoywa.
Zonke iimali zedijithali ezikhutshwe ziibhanki eziphambili ziya kuba nenkxaso yamaziko emali aya kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho kunye nabantu bayo.
Ukuthelekisa i-CBDC kunye neBlockchain
I-Blockchain ayilona igama elitsha kuninzi lwethu. Yinethiwekhi erekhoda ulwazi lomsebenzisi ngeendlela ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukugqekeza, ukutshintsha okanye ukukopela inkqubo. Zonke ii-cryptocurrencies zisebenza kwinethiwekhi ye-blockchain.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-CBDCs aziyi kusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-ledger esasazwayo njenge-blockchain kwaye iya kulawulwa, ihlolwe, ilawulwa kwaye iphunyezwe ngugunyaziwe ohloniphekileyo kwilizwe ngalinye, njengaseIndiya.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-CBDC kuya kuxelela i-Reserve Bank yaseIndiya malunga nokuba yimalini ebanjwe ngokuthe ngqo ngubani, okungekho kwimeko yokuthengiselana okwenzekayo kwinethiwekhi ye-blockchain.
I-CBDCs ayizukubotshelelwa kuyo nayiphi na imali ye-fiat njengoko iyimali ye-fiat yodwa, njengokuba iimali ze-crypto zixhonywa njani kwiimali ezahlukeneyo ze-fiat kwihlabathi jikelele.
Oku kuthetha ukuba inguqulelo ye-CBDC ye-Indian National Rupees iza kusebenza kanye ngokufanayo ne-Rupee bill e-Indiya okanye kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ke ngoko, i-blockchain kunye ne-CBDC ziingqikelelo eziphikisana ngokupheleleyo kwaye iimali zedijithali zebhanki ephakathi aziyi kuxhomekeka kwinethiwekhi ye-blockchain ukuze isebenze.
Ngaba ngokwenene siyayifuna i-CBDC eIndiya?
Kakade ke, senza njalo. I-India ngoku ibona inguqu eqinisekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwintlawulo yayo yedijithali. Bayanda abantu abaqale ukusebenzisa i-wallet ukuthenga iimveliso kwi-intanethi nangaphandle kweintanethi.
Iindleko zentengiselwano ezinjalo e-Indiya ziphantsi kakhulu ngoku, kwaye ayikwazanga ukuthumela uphawu olungcono lokusungula i-e-currency ngokupheleleyo, ukulinganisa nokulawula ukuhamba kweentlawulo zedijithali nangakumbi.
Amazwe amahlanu sele eqalise i-CBDC, kuquka iSaint Kitts kunye neNevis, eGrenada.
IBahamas, iAntigua neBarbuda, kunye neSaint Lucia. Ngaphandle kolu qoqosho, amanye amazwe ali-14 anoqoqosho olukhulu njengoMzantsi Korea kunye neSweden nawo aphehlelele abaqhubi babo be-CBDC.
Nkqu ibhanki China central, Bank yaBantu of China, uye wasungula Yuan inguqulelo yedijithali kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ukuze uhambe intamo uye entanyeni ngebhongo lamandla amakhulu ehlabathi, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba iIndiya ingenelele kwaye ithathe enye yeenzuzo zokuqala kwitekhnoloji ekhulayo kunye nekamva layo.
Imali yedijithali yeRBI kunye nekamva elizayo
Iingxelo ezininzi ziye zaphoswa ngokubhekiselele kwinto eyenziwa ziibhanki eziphambili xa iimali zabo zedijithali ziqaliswa.
Abanye bathi iibhanki ezingoovimba ziza kubeka isohlwayo ekutsalweni kwemali ukuze kuncitshiswe abantu abakhupha imali endaweni yokugcina imali yedijithali kubo. Abanye bathi iibhanki ezingoovimba sele zifake imali ye-CBDC kumntu ngamnye.
Ewe, eyona nto iza kwenzeka iya kubonakala kuphela xa imali yedijithali iqalisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, into eyenzekayo eqinisekileyo kukuba iBhanki enguVimba yaseIndiya imiselwe ukuba ekugqibeleni iphumeze umbono ongemtsha wokuya kwidijithali ngokupheleleyo kumphambili wayo wemali.
Nangona ukwamkelwa ngokupheleleyo kweemali zedijithali kungathatha iminyaka embalwa eyongezelelweyo, ngokuqinisekileyo linyathelo lokuqala kwikamva lobuchwepheshe, kwaye ibhanki ephakathi yaseIndiya iya kwandisa okufanayo.
Shiya iMpendulo