Ngehlabathi jikelele imarike yeebhondi eziluhlaza kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwi-1 yetriliyoni yeedola ngo-2023 ngokweClimate Bonds Initiative, abatyali-zimali ngoku balwela ukwenza utyalo-mali oluthathela ingqalelo indalo kunye nokukhuthaza i-ajenda yemozulu.
Ukusukela ngoJanyuwari ka-2023, ubungakanani bemarike yeebhondi eziluhlaza eIndiya zazingama-20 eebhiliyoni zeedola. Oku kumele i-3.8% yemalike yebhondi yoshishino ebalaseleyo eIndiya, enexabiso elingaphezu kwe-USD 500 yeebhiliyoni.
Phakathi kwabahamba phambili kwihlabathi elisaphuhlayo, i-Indiya, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iye yaba yenye yeendawo ezithandwayo zotyalo-mali kwimarike yeebhondi eziluhlaza, iqinisekisa amathuba otyalo-mali anamandla akhoyo kumtyali-mali.
Ukuxoxa ngakumbi ngesi siphakamiso, esi sikhokelo siya kukunceda uqonde amathuba kunye namanyathelo otyalo-mali kwiibhondi ezizimeleyo nezizimeleyo eziluhlaza eIndiya.
Njani iiBonds Green
Ngokufika kwe-ajenda yokhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo yehlabathi, kwavela ingqikelelo yeebhondi ezizinzileyo, egxile ekwenzeni utyalo-mali olujoliswe kwiiprojekthi ezilungele imozulu. Iibhondi ezizinzileyo zibandakanya intlalontle, uzinzo, kunye neebhondi eziluhlaza (GSS).
Iibhondi zohlaza zithatha isahlulo esikhulu kutyalo-mali lulonke kwaye ngokusisiseko zisebenza njengamabhondi emveli apho iqumrhu, nokuba yinkampani okanye ilizwe, likhupha iibhondi okanye ii-IOUs ukunyusa imali kubatyali-mali, abathi bayisebenzisele ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ezikhathalela imeko-bume kunye neziseko ezingundoqo.
Ngapha koko, ezi bhondi zikhutshwa ixesha elimiselweyo, kwaye ngokukhula, abatyali-mali bafumana imali yabo emva kunye nenzala ethile.
Iibhondi eziluhlaza zizodwa ngenxa yokuba iimali eziphakanyisiweyo zijolise ngokukodwa ukutyalomali kwiiprojekthi ezizinzileyo. Ezi projekthi zinokubandakanya amandla ahlaziyekayo, amanzi acocekileyo, okanye uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo ezonga umbane.
Ukukhangela imbali emfutshane, ibhondi yokuqala eluhlaza yakhutshwa ngo-2008 yiBhanki yeHlabathi kwaye yafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu emva kweSivumelwano seMozulu saseParis sika-2015. Njenge ye 2022, ngaphezu kwe-2 yeetriliyoni zeebhiliyoni zeebhondi eziluhlaza zikhutshiwe kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye inani kuqikelelwa ukuba liya kufikelela kwi-5 yeetriliyoni zeedola. 2025.
I-Indiya – iGqirha eliPhuhlisayo
I-Indiya iyavunywa ukuba ifike emva kwexesha xa isiza ekungeneni kwimarike yeebhondi eziluhlaza ekhaya.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlalutya ukukhula kokukhutshwa kweebhondi eziluhlaza kwiminyaka emi-2 edlulileyo, kuyaqondakala ukuba imarike eluhlaza yaseIndiya iza kunyuka kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngo-2021, ixabiso lilonke le GSS iibhondi utyalo $7.85 billion, nto leyo 585% ngaphezulu ukuba 2020. Ngaphandle kweli nani, $6.11 billion wayeyedwa utyalo-mali kwiibhondi eluhlaza.
Kukomelela okubalulekileyo okuqaqambisa ukuvuma kweenkampani ukukhupha izixhobo zamatyala aluhlaza kwimarike ukukhuthaza iiprojekthi ezijonga imozulu kunye notyalo-mali. Into eyenza ukuba imeko yase-Indiya ibe nomdla kukukhula kweeprojekthi eziluhlaza kunye nezinokuhlaziywa kwiminyaka ezayo ezijolise ekuqhubeleni phambili i-ajenda karhulumente yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni ngo-2070 kunye nokwandisa amandla ayo ahlaziyekayo ngo-2030.
Oku kusinceda ukuba sisasaze iplani ukuze siqonde umda kunye nokusebenza kotyalo-mali oluluhlaza kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo elinoqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi.
Ngaphaya koko, uRhulumente waseIndiya uthathe inyathelo elikhulu kuHlahlo lwabiwo-mali loNyaka lowama-2022-23 ngokumisela iiBonds eziHlaza eziMeleyo okokuqala. Ngoku iye yasungula a sikhokelo kuluntu oluqhelekileyo kwaye yakhupha iibhondi ezixabisa i-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, eziya kuthi ziqhubele phambili kwibhidi yoluntu ukusuka nge-25 kaJanuwari 2023.
Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ngakumbi ukulungela kukarhulumente ukuvuma iibhondi eziluhlaza njengezixhobo zezimali ezinokwenzeka kwaye athathe amanyathelo okudala inkqubo yendalo esingqongileyo efanelekileyo nenkxaso yolawulo kubatyali-mali ukuba benze utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwiiprojekthi zohlaza.
Ke ngoko, ngolu phuhliso, abatyali-mali ngoku banokutyala imali kuzo zombini iibhondi eziluhlaza ezizimeleyo nezizimeleyo kwilizwe. Makhe sijonge ukuba wena, njengomtyali-mali, ungakhetha njani amabhondi aluhlaza ahlukeneyo, kuquka azimeleyo, ukuba atyale imali eIndiya.
Indlela yoTyalo-mali kwiiBond eziHlaza
Abatyali-mali banokukhetha ukutyalomali kwiibhondi zohlaza zoluntu nezizimeleyo. Nantsi indlela ongayenza ngayo:
Iibhondi eziHlaza ezongamileyo
Iibhondi ezizimeleyo eziluhlaza ziya kukhutshwa yi RBI ngokusebenzisa iiFandesi zeXabiso eliFanayo. Inkqubo iya kufana nokukhutshwa kwe Izibambiso zikaRhulumente (i-G-secs), apho urhulumente eza kuboleka imali yokuxhasa iiprojekthi zoluntu ngezinga elifanayo lenzala.
Ngokwekhalenda ye-RBI, i-16000 ye-rupees exabisa eluhlaza amabhondi ziya kudweliswa kukhuphiswano lwexabiso likawonke-wonke kwiindidi ezimbini kwi-8000 ye-rupee ye-crore nganye ngomhla wama-25 kaJanuwari kunye nowe-9 kaFebruwari, ngokulandelelanayo. Ezi bhondi ziya kukhutshwa ngexesha lokuvuthwa kwe-5 kunye ne-10 iminyaka kwaye zinokuthengiswa njengezinye iibhondi.
Abatyali-zimali abathengisayo banokubhida ezi bhondi kwi RBI-Retail Direct iqonga, eliyiwebhusayithi karhulumente yokuququzelela ukubhida kwi-G-secs kuzo zombini iimarike eziziiprayimari nezizisekondari kubatyali-zimali ngabanye. Ungabhalisa kweli qonga ngokulandela le nkqubo ingezantsi:
- Tyelela RBI-Retail Direct Website.
- Yenza iakhawunti enye okanye edibeneyo. Uya kufumana i-OTP kwinombolo yakho yeselula ebhalisiweyo kunye nesazisi se-imeyile.
- Emva kokuqinisekisa i-OTP, kuya kufuneka ulayishe itshekhi erhoxisiweyo okanye unike imvume yokuqinisekisa kwi-intanethi yeenkcukacha zeakhawunti yakho.
- Kwiintsuku ezimbini, uya kufumana isaziso sokufikelela eqongeni.
Ungatyala imali kwiibhondi eziluhlaza apha emva kokufeza iikhrayitheriya ezigunyaziswe yi RBI, ezifana nokutyalomali kulo naluphi na olunye ukhuseleko lukarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zinokuba nzima kubatyali-mali abaninzi, kwaye basenokungafanelanga ukutyala imali kuyo ngokuthe ngqo.
Ke ngoko, ungatyala imali kwiibhondi ngokusebenzisa iifemu zokurhweba njengeZerodha okanye iiplatifti zokurhweba ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngeWint Wealth ngokunjalo. La maqonga akuvumela ukuba utyale imali kuzo zombini iibhondi zikarhulumente kunye nezabucala ezidadadiswa ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo.
Utyalo-mali kwiiBond eziHlaza zaBucala
Ngokufanayo norhulumente, amaqumrhu abucala afana noshishino lwezizwe ngezizwe nawo akhupha iibhondi eziluhlaza ngeqondo lenzala elimiselweyo ukuze uluntu luxhase ngemali iiprojekthi ezizinzileyo.
Ezi bhondi zingena phantsi koluhlu lweebhondi zenkampani, ezineendlela ezifanayo zokutshala imali kuzo, ngaphandle kokuba iibhondi eziluhlaza zikhululwa nge-ajenda ethile engqondweni.
Ukukhutshwa kweebhondi eziluhlaza kulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo zizikhokelo ze-SEBI "Izibambiso zamatyala aluhlaza,” ngoko ke ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani azikhuphi ii-IOUs zomgunyathi phantsi kwe-egis yeebhondi eziluhlaza.
Unokuthenga iibhondi eziluhlaza zabucala ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Ungaqhagamshelana ngqo neenkampani kwimarike yokuqala. Bakhupha izaziso zokukhutshwa kweebhondi kwiiwebhusayithi zabo, okanye unokufaka isicelo ngebhanki yakho. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka ube neakhawunti yeDemat ukugcina ngokukhuselekileyo iibhondi zakho. Nangona kunjalo, yinkqubo esemva kubatyali-mali abanemali eqingqiweyo, nabatyali-zimali bamaziko kunye namaziko emali angengawo awebhanki anenkunzi enkulu adla ngokufumaneka kolu khetho.
- Ngaphandle kokuthenga ngokuthe ngqo iibhondi eziluhlaza kwinkampani, wena, njengomtyali-mali othengisayo, unokuthenga ezi bhondi njenge. funds mutual okanye iimali ezithengiswayo (ETFs) kwimarike yesibini. Ezi zibonelelwa ziibhanki ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho yengxowa-mali ehambelanayo kumaqonga abo okanye ngeefemu zokuthengisa. Ngeli xesha, amaqonga akhethekileyo afana Wint Ubutyebi, goldenpie.com, kunye ne-thefixedincome.com zikwabonelela abatyali-zimali abathengisa ukufikelela lula kwiibhondi ezithembekileyo kunye nezixhobo zophando ezichaza umlinganiselo wetyala, umngcipheko ongagqibekanga, umngcipheko wokuhlawula amatyala, kunye nomngcipheko wenzala wenkampani kunye neebhondi.
Nge-India ekufikeleleni kwinqanaba le-3 loqoqosho olukhulu kwihlabathi ngo-2030, urhulumente kunye neenkampani ziye zalwandisa utyalo-mali lwazo ekwakheni amaziko akhoyo azinzileyo elizweni.
Ngale mbono intle iyonke, imarike ye-green bond yaseIndiya ityekele ekukhuleni ngesantya esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili, kwaye ngoku abatyali-zimali abathengisayo banethuba lokutyala imali kwibali lokukhula kwaye bafumane imbuyekezo enkulu.
Shiya iMpendulo