Xa singena kutyalo-mali kwizibambiso❶ ezibandakanya umngcipheko omncinci, sicinga ngeebhondi kunye notyalo-mali oludityanisiweyo. Iimali ezidityanisiweyo ngokwesiseko ziimali zomntu ngamnye ezidityaniswe kunye kwiqela. Makhe sijonge amaqela amabini abalulekileyo eemali zotyalo-mali namhlanje - iiBonds kunye ne-ETF okanye iiNgxowa-mali eziThengiswayo.
Iibhondi ziwela phantsi kokhuseleko lwengeniso esisigxina❷ ngelixa ii-ETF zingena phantsi kweengxowa-mali ezidityanisiweyo, iimali zamatyala➌ kwaye zinokuqwalaselwa njengezibambiso zengeniso ezisisigxina ngokusekelwe kudidi lwazo.
Usenokuba uqhelene neebhondi zexesha, kwaye ukuba unotyalo-mali olunzima, unokuba utyale imali kwii-ETF, okanye ubuncinci uvile ngazo. Makhe sibone kweli nqaku ukuba zeziphi iingenelo zotyalo-mali kwiibhondi ngokubhekiselele kuncedo kutyalo-mali kwi-ETFs. Siza kuphinda sixoxe ngemingcipheko kunye nelahleko yohlobo ngalunye lotyalo-mali.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba sifake iiBonds kwi-ETFs, masiqale siqonde imigaqo nzulu.
Qaphela: Ekugqibeleni, uya kufumana uluhlu lwamagama asetyenziswe kulo lonke eli nqaku. Uluhlu lwamagama lubandakanyiwe ukwenza ukufunda kwakho kube lula kwaye kuncede ukuqonda kwakho imigaqo yezemali esetyenzisiweyo.
bond
IBond yimali-mboleko ehlawulwa kurhulumente okanye kumbutho wabucala endaweni yenzala ehlawulwa kabini ngonyaka okanye ngonyaka. Xa uthenga ibhondi yenkampani yoluntu okanye yabucala, uboleka imali kuloo nkampani. Ngokwesiqhelo, iinkampani ziboleka ukukhulisa ishishini labo. Urhulumente kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente afana noMasipala angafuna imali-mboleko ngokweebhondi ukuze kwakhiwe iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neendlela nezikolo.
Xa uthenga iibhondi, ungumtyali-mali kwinkampani kodwa awunayo inxalenye yenkampani njengoko besenza izabelo➍ -abanini-zabelo. Abanini bebhondi bangabaniki tyala kwaye abanalizwi okanye banetyala kwiziko elibolekayo.
Ekuvuthweni kwebhondi, uhlawulwa isixa-mali esiyintloko emva. Inzala onelungelo lokuyifumana kwisithuba esibaliweyo, ngokwesiqhelo kabini ngonyaka.
Akukho tshintshiselwano➎ indawo yokuthengisa okanye indawo esembindini yorhwebo lwebhondi. Iibhondi zithengiswa kakhulu phezu kwekhawuntara nangabathengisi bebhondi. Iibhondi zinokuthengiswa ngasese phakathi komboleki kunye nombolekisi.
Imarike yebhondi, nangona ithe saa, inkulu kwihlabathi jikelele. E-Indiya, imarike yeebhondi ifumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kwaye ikhule kakhulu kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhondi, kodwa sinokuzihlela ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezi-2 eziphambili:
Iibhondi zikaRhulumente : Iibhondi ezikhutshwe nguRhulumente ophakathi kunye noRhulumente, iziphathamandla zikaMasipala kunye neenkampani zeCandelo loLuntu zingena phantsi kweeBonds zikaRhulumente. Ezi bhondi ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-Treasury Bonds.
Iibhondi zeNkampani : Ezi bhondi zikhutshwa ziinkampani zabucala ukuhlangabezana nosukelo lwazo lokukhula.
ETFs
Ii-ETF okanye iiNgxowa-mali eziTshintshiselwana, ngokungafaniyo neebhondi, zithengiswa ngokutshintshiselana. Ii-ETF liqela lezibambiso ezidityaniselwe urhwebo. Ii-ETF, njengezitokhwe, zinokuthengiswa imihla ngemihla.
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqonda ii-ETF kukucinga ngeqela lezitokhwe➎ okanye iibhondi ezivela kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo ezirhwebayo zizonke.
Ii-ETF zingabandakanya iibhondi okanye i-stocks yecandelo elithile leshishini, njenge-IT, okanye ingaba yi-motley yeebhondi / izitokhwe zamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Indlela engcono yokuqonda ii-ETFs inokuba kukufanisa neengxowa-mali ezifanayo➏ . Enyanisweni, iimali ezihlangeneyo kunye nee-ETF zabelana ngenani leempawu. Makhe sijonge.
- Zombini ii-ETF kunye neeNgxowa-mali eziHlanganisiweyo ziinketho ezingcono zotyalo-mali kubatyali-mali abangenamdla wokubandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kuhlalutyo lwemalike yemihla ngemihla kunye nomsebenzi.
- Ii-ETF kunye neeNgxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo zijolise kwiinketho zotyalo-mali ezidityanisiweyo okt zibonelela ngeendlela zotyalo-mali kumashishini ahlukeneyo okanye iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zoshishino olufanayo.
- Zombini ii-ETF kunye neengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo zithengiswa ngokutshintshiselana.
- Zombini zilawulwa ngabaphathi botyalo-mali okanye ii-brokers.
ETFs eIndiya, iwela kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
Ii-ETF zeBond
Ii-ETF zeBond zinokuqulatha iibhondi zikarhulumente okanye zeshishini okanye zombini.
Isalathiso seETFs
I-ETF ye-Index iqulethe izitokhwe zamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Icandelo le-ETFs
Ii-ETF zeCandelo ziqulethe ii-stocks zeenkampani ezivela kwicandelo elithile.
Ii-ETF zeGolide
Ii-ETF zegolide zirhweba kwimarike yegolide. Igolide yeBullion yombiwa igolide eyi-99.5% esulungekileyo. Amaxabiso e-bullion yegolide ayanyuka kwaye ehle ngexabiso legolide ebonakalayo. Ixabiso le-ETF zeGolide lisekelwe ekunyukeni nasekuweni kwe-bullion, kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo kwimarike yegolide ebonakalayo.
Ii-ETF zeBhanki
Ii-ETF zeBhanki ziqulathe izitokhwe zeebhanki.
Ii-ETF zamazwe ngamazwe
Ii-ETF zamazwe ngamazwe zityala imali kwizitokhwe kunye neebhondi zeenkampani zangaphandle.
Ngaba unomdla ekuthengeni iiBONDS ZEGOLIDE EZOLAWU? Funda eli nqaku ukuze wazi ngakumbi.
Ke kufuneka utyale phi - iiBonds okanye ii-ETF?
Ngoku makhe siphendule umbuzo ophambili - kufuneka utyale phi? Iibhondi okanye ii-ETF? Ukuphendula umbuzo ngendlela enobulungisa, makhe sijonge iingenelo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwayo nganye.
Inzuzo yoTyalo-mali kwiiBond
- Iibhondi ziimali-mboleko ezinikwa iinkampani, kwaye ufumana inzala ngamaxesha athile kwiimali-mboleko. Olu phawu lwebhondi lubenza bangabi naguquguquki ngakumbi kunezitokhwe.
- Iibhondi ziluncedo kumaxesha amafutshane naphakathi. Iibhondi zikwaluncedo ngengqiqo yokuba ekubeni iyimali-mboleko, ufumana isixa-mali esiyintloko emva kwenani elimiselweyo leminyaka. Ukuba unenjongo yokusebenzisa imali yakho kwinkcitho ethile kwiminyaka emi-2, kungcono ukutyala imali kwiibhondi kunokuya kwidiphozithi yebhanki, njengoko inzala yebhondi iya kuba phezulu.
- Utyalo-mali lwebhondi luyinzuzo ngakumbi kwisizukulwana esidala njengoko kukho isiqinisekiso sembuyekezo yesixa-mali esiyintloko.
- Ukuba neebhondi kwipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali❼ kulungisa amaqhuqhuva abonelelwa ngokwahluka kwamaxabiso esitokhwe.
Iinzuzo zoTyalo-mali kwii-ETF
- Ngee-ETF, unokurhweba ngezitokhwe, igolide, iibhondi kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezibambiso kunye (ngokuthelekisa) nomngcipheko omncinci oqhotyoshelweyo.
- Ii-ETF zirhweba ngotshintshiselwano, kungoko kukho ubutyebi obuninzi➑ obuncanyathiselwe kwii-ETF. Oku kuguqulela ekubeni ii-ETF zikwazi ukuthengiswa imini yonke kwaye zinokuthengiswa ngokufutshane➒ .
- Iireyithi ze-ETF ze-broker zincinci, njengoko zilawulwa nje. Ulawulo olungazenzisiyo lwezibambiso luthetha ukuba akukho lawulo lusebenzayo (umphathi) apho izibambiso zinokutyala imali kulo. Kutyalo-mali lwe-ETF engasebenziyo, imali etyaliweyo ifakwa kuzo zonke izabelo/iibhondi zazo zonke iinkampani ezikolu didi lwe-ETF.
- Ii-ETF zikulungele ukuhlawulelwa irhafu njengoko zikholisa ukuqonda➓ inzuzo encinci yenkunzi❶❶ . Uninzi lwee-ETF ezithengisayo nezithengiweyo zenzelwe ukuhlawulelwa❶❷ , kwaye azibizi rhafu.
Ukungalungi kweeBonds
- Ukuguquguquka kweNtengiso ❶ ➌ : Izinga lenzala yebhondi ixhomekeke kuguquguquko lwemarike. Kwiibhondi zexeshana elifutshane, ukuguquguquka kwenzala akuniki nzuzo ibalulekileyo, njengoko imali yenzala iguquguquka.
- Umngcipheko weTyala : Ngamanye amaxesha iinkampani zijongana ne-cash-crunch, kwaye zingakwazi ukuhlawula inzala. Kwimeko embi kakhulu, iinkampani zisenokungakwazi ukuhlawula eyona mali iphambili.
Ukungalungi kwee-ETFs
- Ukunyuswa kwentlawulo yoRhwebo : Ukurhweba rhoqo kwee-ETF ngexesha lokurhweba emini kuya kubangela ukunyuka kwentlawulo yorhwebo. Yongeza kuloo nto ikhomishini ye-brokerage kwintengiso nganye kunye neendleko zokulawula ii-ETFs zinyuka kakhulu.
Kwakhona, izitokhwe zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo zineentlawulo ezahlukeneyo zokurhweba, ngoko ke umntu akanakuze aqiniseke ukuba zingakanani iigobolondo egameni lekhomishini ngelixa zithengisa ii-ETF. - Ukuguquguquka kweNtengiso : Nangona zizinzile xa kuthelekiswa neebhondi kunye nezabelo, ii-ETF zikwaxhomekeke kuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kweemarike. Umzekelo, ii-ETF zeGolide zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwemarike yegolide ebonakalayo.
ETFs Vs. Iibhondi
Sinokuthelekisa iiBonds kunye nee-ETF kwiiparamitha ezilandelayo ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo sokuba yintoni isixhobo esingcono sotyalo-mali.
ukohlulwa
Ukwahluka kubhekiselele ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wotyalo-mali ngokunikezela ngemali kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali. Ngokubhekiselele kulwahlulo, ii-ETF zibonelela ngotyalo-mali olwahlukileyo ngakumbi njengezitokhwe/iibhondi zeenkampani ezininzi, kwaye amashishini amaninzi anotyalo-mali kuwo.
Umngcipheko weTyala
Ngelixa zombini iiBond kunye ne-ETFs zithwele umngcipheko omncinci wetyala kunezitokhwe, umngcipheko kwiibhondi uphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nee-ETFs. Ukwahluka kwee-ETF kwenza ukuba kungabi naguquguquki kancinci kwiingozi zetyala ngequbuliso. Xa ezinye izitokhwe okanye iibhondi ziqhekeka, abanye baya kube behlawula inzala okanye izabelo.
Umrhumo weKhomishini kunye neBroker
Iibhondi zilawulwa ngokusebenzayo okanye ngokuqhutywayo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ofuna ngayo i-broker okanye umphathi wakho aphathe iibhondi. ETFs ubukhulu becala zilawulwa nje. Nge-ETFs, kunokubakho iikhomishini ezahlukeneyo eziqhotyoshelwe kwii-stocks / iibhondi ezahlukeneyo ukuba ukuthengiswa kosuku olusebenzayo kuqhutywa. Ngamabhondi omabini kunye nee-ETF, umrhumo ohlawulweyo unokulawulwa ukuba wenza uphando oluncinci ngaphambi kokuba utyale imali, kwaye ujonge iprospectus ngokusondeleyo kwiintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezibandakanyekayo ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni.
Ingeniso eZinzileyo kunye neGuquguqukayo
Iibhondi zihlawula inzala kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka. Ezinye ii-ETF zihlawula izabelo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci xa zithelekiswa nezitokhwe. Kwakhona, iibhondi ziyavuthwa kwaye zihlawule isixa-mali esiyintloko. Uninzi lwe-ETFs aluvuthwa, kwaye awukwazi ukufumana isixa sakho senqununu ukuba awutyali imali ixesha elide.
Iinketho zoRhwebo
Ii-ETF zinokuthengiswa ngeakhawunti yakho yeDemat eqhelekileyo. Amaxabiso ee-ETF nawo aboniswa ngokuphandle kutshintshiselwano, okwenza urhwebo lucace ngakumbi. Iibhondi zithengwa ngee-brokers, kwaye kukho amathuba okuthenga ukwahluka kwexabiso ukusuka kwi-broker ukuya kwi-broker.
Masiphinde siqwalasele isihloko seeBond ETFs vs Bonds ngaphambi kokuba sifikelele kwisigqibo esiqinileyo:
- Ii-ETF zeBond ziquka iibhondi zamashishini ahlukeneyo okanye zecandelo elithile. Iibhondi zezenkampani enye kuphela. Ngokumalunga nokwahluka, ii-ETF zeBond zingcono kuneebhondi.
- Iibhondi ziyavuthwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kodwa ii-ETF zeBond azivuthwa ngokubanzi. Oku kwenza iibhondi zigqibelele kutyalo-mali olufutshane kunye noluphakathi.
- Iibhondi zibhatala ngonyaka okanye kabini ngonyaka inzala. NgeBond ETFs, kuba kukho intaphane yeebhondi, ufumana inzala ehlawulwa phantse nyanga zonke.
- Amaxabiso e-Bond ETF acace ngakumbi njengoko eboniswa kutshintshiselwano. Ii-ETF ze-Bond zinokuthengiswa ngexesha leeyure zokurhweba emini njengezitokhwe.
- Ii-ETF zeBond zinokulawulwa kwi-intanethi ngeakhawunti yakho yeDemat. Kwiibhondi zenkampani nganye, udinga i-broker yakho ukuze uthengise okanye uthenge iibhondi ezongezelelweyo.
Isigwebo sethu malunga noTyalo-mali kwiiBonds kunye nee-ETF
Singagqiba ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba zombini iiBonds kunye nee-ETF zinendawo yazo kwipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali.
Sicebisa ngamandla ukuba utyale imali kwi-ETFs ukuba:
- oqalayo, kwaye ujonge utyalo-mali olungenamngcipheko.
- isicwangciso sotyalo-mali lwexesha elide.
- ukufuna umthombo wengeniso rhoqo ngendlela yenzala.
- ujonge ukunciphisa imirhumo enxulumene notyalo-mali njenge-brokerage kunye nekhomishini.
- ufuna ukuqala ngesixa esincinci sotyalo-mali kwii-securities.
Iibhondi zikulungele ukuba:
- ukufuna utyalo-mali lwexeshana elifutshane ngenzala ephezulu kuneebhanki.
- yazi imarike yebhondi kancinci kakade, kwaye wenze uphando lwakho phambi kokuthenga.
- ukulungele ukubandakanyeka ngokusebenzayo ekufumaneni isivumelwano esifanelekileyo ekuthengeni iibhondi kuba amaxabiso ayahluka kwimarike yeebhondi.
- ukulungele ukutyala isixa esikhulu kwimarike yokhuseleko.
Kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba nangona kunjalo akukho mngcipheko, iibhondi kunye nee-ETF azikhuselekanga ekuguquguqukeni kwentengiso ngokupheleleyo.
Isixa esincinci senzala esebenzayo ngamaxesha athile ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwebhondi yakho kunye notyalo-mali lwe-ETF lunokuhamba indlela ende ekuveliseni imbuyekezo eneziqhamo kutyalo-mali.
ULUHLU LWAMAGAMA ASETYENZISIWEYO
❶ Izibambiso : Izibambiso zizixhobo zemali okanye ii-asethi ezinokuthengiswa ngexabiso eliyimali.
❷ Iziqinisekiso zoMvuzo oZinzileyo : Izibambiso zengeniso ezizinzileyo zizibambiso zamatyala ahlawula umvuzo omiselweyo ngokohlobo lwenzala.
➌ IiNgxowa-mali zamaTyala : Iimali zetyala ziingxowa-mali zotyalo-mali ezinotyalo-mali lwengeniso esisigxina njengotyalo-mali lwazo olungundoqo.
➍ Izabelo Nezabelo : Isitokhwe lukhuseleko olumele inxalenye yobunini benkampani enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Izabelo nezabelo zinentsingiselo efanayo, isitokhwe sisetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo : Ndinokuba nezitokhwe kwipotifoliyo yam yotyalo-mali, kwaye ndinezabelo ze-ABC Pvt. Ltd. Isabelo sisetyenziswa ngokukodwa ukubhekisa kwizibambiso zenkampani ethile. Isitokhwe sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-equity.
➎ Utshintshiselwano : Utshintshiselwano yindawo yokuthengisa engundoqo yokuthenga nokuthengisa izixhobo zemali ezifana nezitokhwe kunye neeNgxowa-mali eziRhwebayo.
➏ IiNgxowa-mali ezidityanisiweyo : IiNgxowa-mali ezidityanisiweyo luhlobo lotyalo-mali oludityanisiweyo apho abatyali-mali badityaniswa khona ukuze batyale imali kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali ezifana ne-ETFS, izitokhwe okanye iibhondi. IiNgxowa-mali eziBambisanayo zilawulwa kakuhle kakhulu yingcali.
❼ IPotfoliyo yoTyalo-mali : Ii-asethi zakho zizonke okanye izibambiso zenza ipotfoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali. Kanye njengokuba ipotifoliyo yakho yomsebenzi ibonisa amava akho omsebenzi, ipotfoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali ibonisa ii-asethi zakho zotyalo-mali. Njengepotfoliyo yomsebenzi, ipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali ingcono xa yahlukile, kwaye ibonisa imbuyekezo entle.
➑ Ubungakanani bemali : Kutyalo-mali, imali yokuhlawula amatyala kukukhululeka kwezibambiso zokurhweba ngemali ezinkozo ngaphandle kokufumana ilahleko.
➒ Ukuthengisa ngokufutshane : Ukuthengisa ngokufutshane licebo lotyalo-mali apho uthengisa izitokhwe ulindele ukuhla kwamaxabiso estokhwe, uze uzithenge kwakhona ngexabiso elithotyiweyo. Umbono kukwenza ingeniso ngokuthenga kwakhona ngamaxabiso athotyiweyo.
➓ Qonda : Izibambiso okanye izitokhwe “ziyaqaphela” xa zithengiswa kwimarike. Izibambiso ezifunyenweyo zichaphazela ubume berhafu yomtyali-mali. Izibambiso zingathengiswa ar inzuzo eqondayo okanye ilahleko.
❶❶ Iinzuzo zeNkunzi : Xa izibambiso zithengiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu kunexabiso elithengiweyo, oko kukhokelela kwinzuzo enkulu.
❶❷ Intlawulo yesisa : Ukuhlawulelwa kwempahla kwenzeka xa uhlawulela izibambiso ezitsha ngokwezinye izibambiso endaweni yemali.
❶➌ Ukuguquguquka kweMarike : Ukuguquguquka kwemarike kubhekiselele ekungaqinisekini okuyanyaniswa nexabiso lokunyuka nokuhla kwezibambiso ezifana nee-ETF, izitokhwe kunye neebhondi.
Shiya iMpendulo