Ngoncedo oluninzi olunomtsalane lwetyala kunye neemveliso ezibiza imali eninzi kwimarike, umthengi ngokungxama wenza izigqibo ezimbi zemali.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuwutshintsha lo mkhwa ngenxa yengcinezelo yoontanga kunye nomnqweno wokubamba yonke into oyinikwayo.
Nangona kunjalo, unokuphucula oku ngokulandela ingqondo efanelekileyo kwaye unokufezekisa oko ngeemodeli ezifanelekileyo zengqondo.
Nazi ezinye zeemodeli ezisebenzayo zengqondo ezinokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zemali.
Yeyiphi Imizekelo Yengqondo?
Kulwimi lwe-layman, imodeli yengqondo ayiyonto ngaphandle kokubonisa indlela into esebenza ngayo. Njengoko imbono yabantu ngehlabathi yahlukile, imizekelo yengqondo inceda ekuqondeni indlela umntu alijonga ngayo ihlabathi kwingqondo yakhe entsonkothileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, iimodeli zengqondo zisinceda ukuba senze izigqibo ezingcono nezikhawulezayo kwaye zinokuba luncedo olukhulu ngelixa sisenza izigqibo zemali. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imodeli yengqondo yahlukile ngokwayo, asinakuthi azinabudenge okanye zikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo.
Azisoloko zichanekile okanye zisebenza, kodwa zinokunceda ekwenzeni izigqibo ezingcono ngolwazi olupheleleyo. Ungasebenzisa iimodeli zengqondo nangona iimeko ziba nzima ngokwenene. Bahlala behlala ekhosini kwaye ngenxa yoko banokuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba basetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Kanye njengokuba kukho imigaqo yenzululwazi yeethiyori zenzululwazi, iimodeli zengqondo zisebenza njengesiseko esihle kakhulu sezigqibo zemali. Ngaloo ndlela, badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo.
Umzekelo, kumrhwebi, iimodeli zengqondo zibonelela ngesakhelo sendlela yokuqhubekela phambili kwishishini ngokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kweshishini.
Ngokufanayo, kumthengisi, ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zemali ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba imodeli yengqondo echanekileyo iya kusetyenziswa.
Zithetha ntoni iziGqibo zezeMali eziLungileyo?
Izigqibo zemali zinokubaluleke kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha kwaye ke, kufuneka zithathwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Nokuba yimali yobuqu okanye yeshishini, kufuneka uzabele ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ilahleko yemali okanye ukungazinzi.
Kufuneka uhlale uqaphile kwaye usebenzise imodeli efanelekileyo yengqondo ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zemali ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lweeModeli zeNgqondo ezi-5 ezisebenza kakhulu ezinokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zemali. Zijonge:
1. Amandla okudibanisa
Ukudibanisa kunokuchazwa ngokulula njengenkqubo yokongeza inzala kwinzala yokuqala. Le nkqubo iqhubeka ngokungaguquguqukiyo de ibe yimali yokuqala sinikezwe ifikelela ekuvuthweni kwayo.
Ngenxa yokudityaniswa, hayi nje imali yokuqala etyaliwe, kodwa nenzala efunyenwe kwinqununu yenza ingeniso ekuhambeni kwexesha. Le nkqubo iqhubeleka, ikunceda wenze ingeniso kwisixa-mali esiyintloko nakuyo yonke inzala eqokelelweyo efunyenwe ngaphambili.
Umzekelo,
Imali eyintloko = ii-Rs. 100, ROI = 10% pa, Period = 10 iminyaka
Ekupheleni koNyaka 1 = Inzala efunyenweyo kwinqununu yi-Rs.10 (10% pa nge-Rs.100)
Ke, imali etyalwe emva konyaka iba
Inqununu + Unyaka we-1 inzala = 100 + 10 = 110
Ekupheleni koNyaka we-2 = inzala efunyenweyo yi-Rs.11 [10% pa kwi-Rs.110 (Rs.100 + Rs.10)
Ekupheleni koNyaka 3 = Inzala efunyenweyo yi-Rs.12.1 [10% pa kwi-Rs.121 (Rs.100 + Rs.10 + Rs.11) Kwaye njalo…. Ngale ndlela, amandla okudibanisa anceda ekukhuleni kobutyebi bakho ngokuhamba kwexesha.
2. Iindleko zeThuba
Ngelixa usenza izigqibo zemali, kufuneka ugxininise iindleko ezifihliweyo kwaye hayi iindleko ezithe ngqo. Ixabiso lethuba lichazwa ngokubanzi njengeendleko eziphathelele kwithuba elishiyiweyo.
Sinokuthi nokuba yintoni na esiyenzayo, kukho iindleko zethuba kuyo yonke into. Iindleko zamathuba ziza emfanekisweni xa kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo. Kwimeko enye nje enye, akukho ndleko yamathuba.
Nangona kunjalo, nanini na umntu ecinga ngokutyala imali kunye nokupaka iimali zakhe, ufumana iindlela ezininzi ezizezinye. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isixa-mali esilahlekileyo ngokutyala imali kwenye indawo ka-'A' endaweni ye-'B' sinokubizwa ngokuba lithuba leendleko.
Iindleko zamathuba ngumzekelo obaluleke kakhulu wengqondo onceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba usetyenziso lwemali olunqongopheleyo lomntu lwenzelwe inzuzo yakho.
3. Ixabiso Elikhoyo ngoku
Ixabiso langoku aliyonto ngaphandle kwexabiso lemali namhlanje eliya kuthi livuthwe kwixesha elizayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ligama elinikwe ixabiso langoku lemali eya kuvuthwa kwixesha elizayo. Yimodeli yengqondo esisiseko ekunceda ukuba wenze isigqibo ngeprojekthi omawuyikhethe.
Ngokwesiqhelo, iprojekthi ene-NPV elungileyo nephezulu ikhethwa ngaphezu kwe-NPV esezantsi okanye engalunganga. I-NPV ibhekisa kuzo zonke ukuhamba kwemali okuthotyiweyo kudityaniswe kunye. Isaphulelo sibhekiselele ekusebenziseni isantya sesaphulelo esifanelekileyo kuqukuqelo lwemali ukuyiguqula ukusuka kwixabiso elizayo ukuya kwixabiso langoku.
Ngale ndlela, ngokubala okufanelekileyo okusekwe kumazinga afanelekileyo esaphulelo, iNPV ingabalwa. Inokuba luncedo olukhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zemali ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
4. Inzuzo yokuthelekisa
I-Advantage yokuthelekisa ibhekisa kwinto umntu anobuchule kuyo kwaye engqineka iluncedo kakhulu. Ubani unokuxhamla kwiingenelo ezinjalo ukuba zikhethekile.
NgokoMthetho wokuThengisa iNzuzo, izigqibo zakho kufuneka ziqwalasele iindleko zethuba. Kufuneka kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-advantage epheleleyo ikhona okanye ayikho.
Masithi ukuba kukho i-Advantage epheleleyo phakathi kwezinto ezimbini, lowo unethuba eliphantsi kufuneka akhethwe kwaye akhethelwe kuzo.
Le yinkcazo-bungcali yezoqoqosho enokunceda ukwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo zemali ukuze ube nentlalontle engcono yezemali.
5. Ukuzisola ngoNciphiso
Eyona njongo iphambili yale modeli yengqondo kukunciphisa ukuzisola kwixesha elizayo ngokuhlalutya kunye nokugocagoca izigqibo zikabani zemali ngeliso lexesha. Umbono ongemva kwale modeli yindlela umntu oza kucinga ngayo ngezigqibo azithathayo namhlanje. Igxininisa ngandlel’ ithile kwinkalo yengqondo yengqondo yomntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuzisola okukhulu kwixesha elizayo.
Ngaphezu koko, le modeli yengqondo idume ngokunxulunyaniswa nayo Jeff Bezos. Wasebenzisa le modeli yengqondo ukuyeka umsebenzi wakhe oqhelekileyo kwaye aqale i-Amazon xa i-intanethi ikwi-boom. Enkosi kule modeli yengqondo, ngoku sineAmazon njengoko siyayazi namhlanje.
Ukubuza umbuzo olula onje ngokuba isigqibo sinokukunika ukuzisola kwiminyaka embalwa ezantsi kunokukunceda ngamanye amaxesha ukuba uzenzele esona sigqibo sisiso. Ngoko cinga ngobulumko, kwaye ukhethe izigqibo ezinokubangela ukuba ungazisoli okanye uzisole kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuqulunqa
Uyakwazi ukuqonda iimodeli zengqondo njengezikhokelo ezichazwe kwangaphambili ezinokuthi zivelise isiphumo esahlukileyo kunokuba umphumo wawunokuba yintoni ukuba uthathe izigqibo zemali ngokusekelwe kwiinkolelo zabo zangaphambili. Zisebenza njengebhokisi yesixhobo sokwenza izigqibo ngempumelelo.
Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iimodeli ezifanelekileyo zisetyenzisiwe ukusombulula ingxaki ethile, njengoko ingezizo zonke izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuwo wonke umba.
Ngokukhetha imodeli efanelekileyo yesikhokelo yengqondo, unokwenza ngokulula izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zemali ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela uqinisekisa ukuba ithuba lokufumana ubutyebi obukhulu lisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Shiya iMpendulo