I-Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) iyisihloko senkulumompikiswano enkulu ezikhathini zamuva nje.
Nakuba abasekeli abaningi bephikisana ngokuthi ama-CBDC anamandla okuthuthukisa ukufakwa kwezimali, ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle, abanye bayangabaza kakhulu imiphumela engaba khona ye-CBDCs, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka njengeNdiya.
Nokho, ngaphambi kokutadisha imiphumela engemihle ye-CBDCs, ngingathanda ukuthi uqale uqonde ukuthi ayini ngempela ama-CBDC futhi kungani ezuza ukubaluleka esikhathini sanamuhla.
Yini ama-CBDC?
Ama-CBDC yimali yedijithali ekhishwe amabhange amakhulu, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi ngenye indlela yezimali zendabuko ze-fiat. Umqondo wama-CBDC ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokukhokha oluvikeleke kakhulu futhi olusebenza kahle, kuyilapho futhi kukhuliswa ukufakwa kwezimali ngokwenza kube lula ngabantu ukufinyelela izinsiza zezezimali zedijithali.
Izizathu zokuthi kungani amazwe egcina eqhubekela phambili ekwamukeleni ama-CBDC yizici nezinzuzo azithwalayo.
Okulandelayo ezinye zezici ze-CBDCs eziphawulekayo kulokhu:
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Ukufinyeleleka Okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-CBDC angasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu edijithali namadivayisi, okuwenza afinyeleleke kuhlu olubanzi lwabantu, kuhlanganise nalabo okungenzeka bangakwazi ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zamabhange zendabuko.
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Ukuvikeleka Okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-CBDC asebenzisa i-cryptography nezinye izindlela zokuphepha zedijithali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthengiselana kuvikelekile futhi akunankohliso.
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Ukusebenza Okungeziwe: Ama-CBDC ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi eshesha futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemali yephepha yendabuko, njengoba ingadluliselwa ngokushesha nangokuvikelekile ngezinkundla zedijithali.
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Ukulandelela: Ama-CBDC ahlinzeka ngerekhodi lakho konke ukuthengiselana, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulandelela ukuthengiselana nokuthola noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokukhwabanisa.
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I-Real-time Settlement: Ama-CBDC ahlinzeka ngokulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kokuthengiselana, okusho ukuthi inkokhelo ingenziwa futhi yamukelwe ngokushesha.
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Ukufakwa Kwezezimali: Ama-CBDC anamandla okwandisa ukufakwa kwezimali, ngokunikeza ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zezezimali zedijithali kubantu abangase bangakwazi ukufinyelela izinsiza zamabhange zendabuko.
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Ukonga Izindleko: Ama-CBDC angasiza ekwehliseni izindleko ezihambisana nokuphrinta, ukujikeleza, nokucubungula uhlobo lwemali oluphathekayo, futhi anganciphisa nezindleko zokuthengiselana uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsizakalo zamabhange ezivamile.
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Izinkokhelo ze-cross-border: Ama-CBDC angakwazi ukukhokhela izinkokhelo eziwela imingcele kanye nezimali ezithunyelwayo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi abantu bathumele futhi bathole imali evela phesheya.
Kungani ama-CBDC Engaba Imbangela Yokukhathazeka Kuzakhamizi ZaseNdiya?
Ngikholwa ukuthi naphezu kwezinzuzo ezingaba khona, kunezingozi ezimbalwa ezinzima ezihlobene nama-CBDC, ikakhulukazi kumongo waseNdiya.
Ngifuna ukuveza ezinye zezizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani ama-CBDC angase angazifanelekeli izakhamuzi zaseNdiya nokuthi kungani abenzi bezinqubomgomo kufanele baqaphele ngokwamukela lobu buchwepheshe obusha.
Ukukhishwa Kwezimali
Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu ngama-CBDCs ukuthi angagcina engabandakanyi ingxenye enkulu yabantu, ikakhulukazi labo abangafundile kwezobuchwepheshe noma abanokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kubuchwepheshe bedijithali.
Ngingakubona ngeso lengqondo ukukhishwa okukhulu kwezimali kwezingxenye ezinkulu zabantu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. E-India, lapho ingxenye enkulu yabantu isathembele ekuthengeni imali, lokhu kungase kubangele ukubukelwa phansi okwengeziwe futhi kubhebhethekise ukungalingani okukhona.
Ubumfihlo Obuncishisiwe
Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu nge-CBDCs umthelela angaba nawo kubumfihlo.
Njengoba ama-CBDC kungenzeka agadwe uhulumeni, lokhu kungabukela phansi ubumfihlo bezakhamizi. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi ezweni elifana ne-India, lapho ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo sekuvele kuphezulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithetho eqinile yokuvikela idatha.
Uhulumeni angase asebenzise ulwazi oluqoqwe emisebenzini ye-CBDC ukuze aqaphe imisebenzi yezezimali yezakhamuzi, okungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yobumfihlo kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi.
Ukulawulwa Okumaphakathi
Angikwazanga ukugcizelela ngokwanele kuleli phuzu. Ama-CBDC ajwayelekile akhishwa futhi alawulwa ngu amabhange amakhulu, okusho ukuthi zingaphansi kokulawulwa okumaphakathi.
Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ezweni elifana ne-India, lapho uhulumeni enomlando wokulawula ukuhamba kolwazi kanye nokukhawulela ukufinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zolwazi.
Uma uhulumeni ubengasebenzisa ama-CBDC ukuze alawule ukuhamba kolwazi noma akhawulele ukufinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemisebenzi, lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni ulawula ngokugcwele le mali futhi angamisa ukuhamba kwama-CBDC noma nini. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungabheka kanjani ukwenziwa kwedemothi okwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-2016. Nokho, kulokhu, kungaba lula kakhulu kuhulumeni ngama-CBDC.
Ukuqina Kwezomnotho
Ama-CBDC angaphinde aholele ekungazinzini okukhulu komnotho, njengoba angase abe ngaphansi kokuguquguquka ngokushesha kwenani, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka aneminotho ebuthakathaka.
Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekuzinzeni kohlelo lwezezimali, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zobunzima.
Isibonelo, uma inani elikhulu labantu lingalahlekelwa ngokuzumayo ukuzethemba ngenani le-CBDC, lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni ngokushesha kwenani layo, nemiphumela engaba yingozi kakhulu emnothweni obanzi.
Ukukhathazeka Kwezokuphepha
Okunye okukhathazayo okukhulu ngama-CBDC amandla obugebengu be-inthanethi.
Ama-CBDC angaba sengozini yokugetshengwa nezinye izinhlobo zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni yimali kwezakhamizi. Lokhu kungase kube nemiphumela engathi sína ekuzinzeni kwesistimu yezezimali futhi kungase kuthuntubeze ukuzethemba ezimalini zedijithali.
Ezweni elinjenge-India, lapho ubugebengu be-inthanethi sebuvele buyinkinga enkulu, lokhu kungenye into ekhathaza kakhulu.
Ukuncintisana Nohlelo Lwebhange
Ama-CBDC angaphinde aholele ekuqhudelaneni nohlelo lwamabhange olukhona, okungaholela ekuvaleni amabhange amaningi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Ngisho uyazi ukuthi akuwona wonke amabhange anosekelo olwanele lwengqalasizinda ukuze asebenzise ama-CBDC.
Lokhu kungase kubangele ukunqwabelana okwengeziwe kwamandla ezimali ezandleni zezikhungo ezimbalwa ezinkulu, kube nemiphumela emibi yokuncintisana nokuzinza kwezezimali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ama-CBDC azosetshenziswa kabanzi, angasusa izimali zendabuko, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwamabhange, ikakhulukazi uma engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha ngokwanele.
Ukuntula Umthethonqubo
Ukwengeza, ama-CBDC angase abe inselele ukulawula kahle, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.
Lokhu kungase kuholele ekuntulekeni kokuvuleleka nokuziphendulela, okungaba nomthelela omubi ezakhamuzini.
Kungaba inselele ukuthi izakhamizi zibambe labo abanesibopho sokuziphendulela esimweni sokwephulwa kwezokuphepha noma enye inkinga, isibonelo.
Lokhu kungase futhi kubangele ukuthi abantu balahlekelwe ukholo ohlelweni, okungaba yingozi emandleni e-CBDC okuphumelela.
Ngamafuphi
Ngingathatha i-Bitcoin phezu kwe-CBDC noma yiluphi usuku.
Ngenhloso ye-Digital India, amaNdiya abheke ekwamukeleni ubuchwepheshe ngayo yonke indlela.
I-UPI ingenye yezinguquko ezinkulu embonini yokukhokha eyaziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ubani obecabanga ukuthi sizokwazi ukukhokha ngezinombolo zocingo noma ngokuskena ikhodi ye-QR nje?
Ngingalindela ukuthi ama-CBDC angaletha uguquko olukhulu olulandelayo embonini yezinkokhelo kanye nohlelo lwemali yaseNdiya lulonke.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba ama-CBDC angase anikeze izinzuzo ezithile ezingaba khona, kuphinde kube nezingozi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile nezinselele ezihlobene nokuqaliswa kwazo.
Endabeni yaseNdiya, lezi zingozi zingase zivezwe ikakhulukazi, futhi abenzi benqubomgomo kufanele bakucabangele lokhu ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuqhubekela phambili nokuthuthukiswa kwe-CBDC.
Ngikholwa ukuthi uhulumeni waseNdiya kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi udlulisela ulwazi olufanele mayelana nama-CBDC ezakhamuzini zakhe.
Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubandakanya Okwenziwa Nokungamelwe Ukwenze ngenkathi usebenza kuma-CBDC, kanye nezinyathelo okufanele izakhamizi ziziqinisekise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakamisa zonke izigaba zabantu ukuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe kuzodlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba ama-CBDC eyimali yedijithali.
Uhulumeni angabhekana nobunzima ekukhuliseni ukusetshenziswa kwama-CBDC ngenxa yabantu abangenalo ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe ngokwanele ukuba bahwebe kuma-CBDC, futhi kumelela inqwaba yabantu bethu. Ukwenziwa, ukuphatha, kanye nokulawulwa kwama-CBDC kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yawo ezweni elinabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.4.
shiya impendulo