Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kuyitemu kanye nomzwelo. Ngikhumbula ubaba nomalume bexoxa ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi njengesikhathi sokusebenza engadini nokunakekela abazukulu.
Izikhathi zishintshile, futhi ngokudabukisayo, abantu abaningi abakaze bathathe umhlalaphansi ngomqondo wangempela manje. Abantu abaningi abafuni ngisho nokuthatha umhlalaphansi! Bangase babe nesigqoko esiphezulu esisemthethweni eminyakeni yabo yokusebenza nenhlangano, kodwa ngokuya abantu bayawenqaba umqondo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuphelele.
Esinye sezizathu esenza siwulahle kakhulu umqondo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi yingoba sinamathisele umqondo ongemuhle ekuziphumuleni. Siqhutshwa umqondo wokuba “siwusizo” futhi “sikhiqize,” kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iminyaka yethu iyasivumela.
Kungani Uhlela Ukutshala Imali Yomhlalaphansi
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyini umbono wakho ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi - ukujabulela ukuzijabulisa noma ukuqala ibhizinisi elisha, into eyodwa wonke umuntu azovumelana ngayo ngazwi linye ukuthi kufanele sihlinzekele iminyaka ngemva kokuhlanganisa iminyaka engama-60. Kufanele sibe nemali ethile yokonga sisize siphishekele indlela esifuna ukuphila ngayo lapho sinciphise ubungqabavu.
Njengoba sonke sazi (kodwa mhlawumbe sidinga ukukhunjuzwa njalo), lapho siqala ukutshala izimali, kuba ngcono.
Esinye sezizathu zokuqala ukutshalwa kwezimali kusenesikhathi empilweni ukonga kangcono iminyaka yomhlalaphansi. Abantu abasemsebenzini kahulumeni akumele bakhathazeke kancane, njengoba bethola isamba semali uma sebethatha umhlalaphansi. Baphinde babe nohlelo lwempesheni olusebenzayo. Laba bantu abanenhlanhla bangakhathazeka kancane ngokufinyelela iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kubantu abasebenza ezimbonini ezizimele noma abanebhizinisi, ngokuvamile ayikho isamba semali abangayithwala ekhaya ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, noma uhlelo lwempesheni. Ezinye izinkampani ezizimele ziyahlinzeka, kodwa izinkampani eziningi ziyazibalekela izindleko ezengeziwe zokuhlinzeka ngempesheni.
Lokhu kubangela ingxenye enkulu yabantu abaneminyaka engu-60 ubudala e-India bathembele ezinganeni zabo ukuze banakekele izidingo zabo. Lokhu kuphinde kwanyusa isibalo samacala okuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abadala eNdiya. Nakuba kungase kube okudabukisayo, kuyiqiniso.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukunakekela iminyaka yakho endala kusukela ebusheni bakho. Sikulethela amaphutha ajwayelekile okutshala imali omhlalaphansi ongawagwema ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unempilo enokuthula ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
GWEMA LA MPHUTHA 10 WOKUTSHALWA KOMHLALAPHANSI
1. Ukungatshali imali ohlelweni lwempesheni
Uma indawo osebenzela kuyo ingalunikezi uhlelo lwempesheni, ungangenela i-National Pension Scheme noma enye yezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ezihlinzekwa ngamabhange afana ne-HDFC ne-ICICI.
Iningi lezinhlelo zempesheni zinesikhathi sokuvala kuze kube yiminyaka ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imali etshaliwe igcinwa iminyaka emva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Ukutshala imali ohlelweni lokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma ohlelweni lwempesheni kuyindlela eya phambili yokuvikela iminyaka yakho yangemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Uma ungatshali imali kwenye, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utshala kwezinye izimpahla ezinesikhathi sokuvaleleka kuze kufike isikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Ngenkathi ukhetha uhlelo lwempesheni olunikezwa amabhange ahlukene, qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda yonke imigomo nemibandela yalolu hlelo, futhi uthole izinzuzo ezinhle ekutshalweni kwezimali.
2. Ukusebenzisa isikhwama se-akhawunti ye-PF ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi
Umbono omkhulu we-Employees Provident Fund kwakuwukuhlinzekela iminyaka ezayo yabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ukuthi kusetshenziswe izimali eziqoqiwe esiKhwameni se-Provident ukuze zisetshenziswe emfundweni yezingane noma emishadweni.
Ngakho-ke, ama-akhawunti amaningi e-Provident Fund awanikezi ngempela umuntu osiphethe, kodwa kunalokho ahlinzekela izingane zakhe nomndeni. Esikhundleni sokuba yithemba labo lezezimali iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, izimali zePF ziye zasetshenziselwa ukutshala izidingo nezimfuno zomkhaya.
Ezimweni eziningi, lezo zidingo kanye nezinto ezifunwayo zingahlehliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma kukhulunywe ngazo ukuze izimali zomhlalaphansi zingadingi ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ungakhetha ukubolekwa imali yabafundi yengane yakho esikhundleni sokuyeka isamba sakho se-provident fund.
Kubalulekile ukugcina isamba sakho se-Provident Fund sinjalo kuze kube uthatha umhlalaphansi. Ukuthola isamba semali ku-akhawunti yakho yesiKhwama se-Provident kuzosho ukuthi uzoba nesamba esihle semali ongayitshala ebhizinisini noma ukuyisebenzisela izindleko zenyanga ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
3. Ukungatshali imali kuma-ETF
Ama-ETF noma i-Exchange Traded Funds ayindlela eyongayo yokutshala imali ezibambiso, ngaphandle kobunzima bokuhweba kwansuku zonke. Yiqiniso, ama-ETF angathengiswa ngokuhweba ngosuku, kodwa avame ukwenza inzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ama-ETF abhekwa njengempahla ephelele yomhlalaphansi njengoba enezimali ezikhokhwayo eziphansi kanye nokuphathwa kokungenzi lutho. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala imali kuma-ETF, kufanele wenze ucwaningo lwakho kahle, njengoba ama-ETF ehluka ekuphatheni, ekuhlukaniseni, njll.
Uma unelungiselelo lokwenza utshalomali olukhulu, hamba uthole amabhondi. Amabhondi abuyisela isamba esiyinhloko futhi akhokhele amanani enzalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
4. Ukungabi Nediphozithi Egxilile
Njengezwe, sigxile ekongeni. Amabhange ayintandokazi yethu yezimali yazo zonke izinto ezihlobene nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yobungozi obuncane obuhambisana nokonga kwebhange. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, amanani enzalo ebhange abelokhu eguquguquka njengemakethe yezabelomali, amazinga enzalo yokonga ehle aze afike ngaphansi kuka-3%. Noma kunjalo, ukwesaba ukuguquguquka kwenza abantu abaningi baqhele emakethe ye-equity.
Ukonga imali enhle njengediphozithi egxilile yesikhathi esisodwa bese ubuyisela inani lokuvuthwa futhi uyifake ediphozini egxilile kungaba yingxenye yokuhlela ukutshala kwakho imali yomhlalaphansi.
Noma uqala uneminyaka engama-35 bese utshala ama-Rs 50,000 njengediphozithi emisiwe yesikhathi sonyaka ongu-1.5 ngenani lenzalo engu-6%, lapho usuneminyaka engama-60, uzobe ususondele kuma-2 lakh rupees nangaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi isilinganiso senzalo.
Ngingancoma kakhulu idiphozi elungisiwe yesikhashana olokhu uyiqhuba uze uyeka. Ungaqala ngenani elincane lediphozithi futhi mhlawumbe wengeze kulo kancane njalo uma uvuselela isikhathi sakho sediphozithi. Kuzoba usizo olukhulu phakathi neminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
5. Ukungalondolozi iphesenti lemali engenayo ekongeni noma ekutshaleni imali
Uma uqala umsebenzi wakho kusenesikhathi, qala ukonga imali yakho yomhlalaphansi ngemva konyaka wokuqala.
Uma uqala umsebenzi wakho sekwephuzile, qala ukonga imali yakho yomhlalaphansi eholweni lokuqala.
Umbono oyiphutha ovame kakhulu mayelana nokuthatha umhlalaphansi ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ukuthi zizobe zifanelekile futhi ziqine eminyakeni yawo-60 njengoba zinjalo manje futhi zingafaka amahora angu-10 omsebenzi onzima.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi awudingi ukonga isikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi njengoba uzobe ukhuthele ngokwanele ukuze uthole umsebenzi othile ogcwele, cabanga futhi.
Ngisho nakubantu abasebhizinisini, ukusebenza amahora amade ngemva kweminyaka ethile kungase kubangele ukutubeka ngokuphelele. Futhi yingakho kufanele songe lapho sikwazi khona ukuze siphumelele lapho singakwazi.
Kufanele songe okungenani u-10% wemali yethu engenayo futhi siyitshale. Ingxenye yalolu tshalomali lwanyanga zonke kufanele ibekwe eceleni njengengxenye yokutshala kwethu umhlalaphansi.
Ungabi omunye walabo bantu abadala ababheka emuva futhi babone ukuthi bebengalondoloza yonke imali abayisebenzisile kumaphathi e-soda nangezimpelasonto. Impela lezo zibalulekile, kodwa sidinga ukulinganisela ukuze songe kanye nokusebenzisa imali.
6. Ukungagcini iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali ehlukahlukene
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokugcina iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali ehlukahlukene wukuqinisekisa ukuthi uma inani lempahla elilodwa lehla, amanye azoyibuyisela. Iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene isabalalisa ubungozi ngokulinganayo, okwenza utshalomali lube nenzuzo isiyonke.
Iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene iphinde isho ukuthi uhlanganisa kokubili isikhathi eside kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi esifushane. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kumabhondi noma ama-ETF kunganikeza izinzuzo ezinhle zeminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene ingase futhi ibe nempahla efana nempahla, efakazela ukuthi ingumthombo omuhle kakhulu wemali engenayo yeminyaka emidala.
7. Ukuthengisa impahla yokhokho/impahla yesigodi ukuze kuzuze isikhashana
Nakuba leli phuzu lingase libonakale liyinqaba, lifaka phakathi ukugcina imibono yami siqu mayelana nokuthenga nokudayiswa kwezakhiwo zamadlozi kanye nemiphumela yalokho kuthengiselana.
Abaningi besizukulwane sethu esidala abathuthela emadolobheni beyosebenza bathengisa umhlaba wabokhokho ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Abanye bathenga izindlu zabo edolobheni; abanye batshala imali emfundweni yezingane zabo zasekolishi.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo ezweni lakithi kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, eziningi zalezi zindawo zikhule zaba amadolobha aphumelelayo kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni ezinamabhizinisi amaningi kanye nomsebenzi.
Ngakho-ke iseluleko sami kungaba ukuthi ungasheshi ukuthengisa impahla yomuzi wokhokho bakho. Ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ungayisebenzisela inhloso ethile yebhizinisi.
Ungayiguqulela endaweni ye-Airbnb noma uyiguqule ibe inkundla yemicimbi yemishado nemicimbi.
8. Ukuchitha konke ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhosini emikhulu enamafutha
Imishado yonke imnandi futhi iyadansa, kodwa ukuqeda konke ukonga nokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze uhlelele izingane zakho imishado kanokusho kungalimaza impilo yakho yezezimali.
Sifaka isigcwagcwa emphakathini kubantu abakhetha imigubho ethengekayo esikhundleni sokuzitika. Kodwa yilokho okuyikho - ukucwaswa emphakathini. Cabanga ngaphambi kokutshala imali emicimbini yokugubha - ingabe ikubiza imali oyilondolozile yomhlalaphansi?
Uma kunjalo, udinga ukunciphisa ukunethezeka. Kungcono ukugubha ngesizotha kunokuthi ugcine usenkingeni lapho usumdala.
Ungakwazi ukonga futhi utshale ngokuhlukene ngamasu esikhathi esifushane otshalomali emicimbini efana nemishado, kodwa zama ukuthi ungathinti utshalomali lwakho oluhlobene nomhlalaphansi ukuze wenze okufanayo.
9. Ukungalugcini uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo
Ukungabi nalo uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo kuwukuphuthelwa okukhulu. Sonke siyazi ukuthi ukulaliswa esibhedlela esisodwa ngenxa yokugula okungathí sina kungasilahlekisela ingcebo futhi kungasifaka ezikweletini.
Uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo lunganakekela amaphesenti amakhulu ezindleko zezempilo. Ukuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuthi izindleko zezempilo zikhuphuka ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Ngakho-ke noma ungabaza ukuzithengela uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo oseminyakeni yama-30, luthole ngaphambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-40.
10. Ukungabi nawo umshwalense wempilo
Lokhu ikakhulukazi kulabo bantu abangakabi nabo uhlelo lomshwalense wempilo.
Umshwalense wokuphila uyimpahla enenzuzo. Uthola imali oyikhokhile ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sakho, futhi uma kwenzeka ushona, umndeni wakho uthola isamba esiqinisekisiwe.
Qinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sakho somshwalense wempilo sibekiwe ukuze uthole inani lakho lokuvuthwa ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ungabe usukhetha ukuvikela isamba ediphozini egxilile noma usifake emcabangweni othile webhizinisi.
Umbono oyisisekelo mayelana nokubhala lesi sihloko ukuqondisa ukunaka kwakho kuleli qiniso elilodwa - ngicela ucabange ngeminyaka yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kusenesikhathi. Ukutshala imali esikhathini esizayo kubaluleke njengokuphila impilo yakho manje.
Uma uneziphakamiso mayelana nokuhlela umhlalaphansi, usazise! Singathanda ukuzwa!
Yabelana ngesihloko nabangani nomndeni noma wabelane ngaso ngemidiya yakho yezokuxhumana. Kungase kusebenze njengesikhumbuzo esihle kakhulu sothile omthandayo noma omaziyo.
shiya impendulo