Umhlalaphantsi ligama kunye nemvakalelo. Ndikhumbula utata nomalume bexoxa ngokuthatha umhlala-phantsi njengexesha lokulihambisa egadini nokunyamekela abazukulwana.
Amaxesha atshintshile, kwaye ngelishwa, uninzi lwabantu aluze luthathe umhlala-phantsi ngokwenyani ngoku. Abantu abaninzi abafuni nokuthatha umhlala-phantsi! Banokuba ne-caps ephezulu esemthethweni kwiminyaka yabo yokusebenza nombutho, kodwa ngokunyukayo abantu bayayigatya ingcamango yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngokupheleleyo.
Esinye sezizathu ezisenza siwulahle ngakumbi uluvo lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kungenxa yokuba siye sancamathela intsingiselo engalunganga kulonwabo. Siqhutywa yingcamango yokuba “luncedo” kunye “nemveliso,” enoba iminyaka yethu iyasivumela.
Kutheni uCwangcisa uTyalo-mali loMhlalaphantsi
Kodwa nokuba ithini na imbono yakho malunga nomhlalaphantsi - ukonwabela ulonwabo okanye ukuqalisa ishishini elitsha, eyona nto wonke umntu aya kuvumelana ngamxhelo mnye kukuba kufuneka silungiselele iminyaka emva kokuba sineminyaka engama-60. sincede sisukele indlela esifuna ukuphila ngayo xa sisephantsi amandla.
Njengoko sonke sisazi (kodwa mhlawumbi kufuneka sikhunjuzwe ngoku kwaye ngoko), okukhona siqala ukutyala imali, kungcono.
Esinye sezizathu zokuqalisa utyalo-mali kwangethuba ebomini kukulondoloza ngcono iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi. Abantu abasebenza kurhulumente kufuneka bangakhathazeki kancinci, njengoko befumana isixa-mali xa bethatha umhlala-phantsi. Bakwanayo nenkqubo yomhlalaphantsi esebenzayo. Aba bantu banethamsanqa banokukhathazeka kancinci malunga nokufikelela kwiminyaka yomhlalaphantsi.
Kubantu abasebenza kumashishini abucala okanye abangabanini beshishini, akusoloko kukho isixa esisixa-mali sokugoduka nabo emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, okanye isikim sepenshini. Ezinye iinkampani zabucala ziyabonelela, kodwa uninzi lweenkampani ziyazibaleka iindleko ezongezelelekileyo zokubonelela ngepenshini.
Oku kukhokelela ekubeni uninzi lwabantu abaneminyaka engama-60 ubudala baseIndiya baxhomekeke kubantwana babo ukuze banyamekele iimfuno zabo. Oku kwakhona kubangele inani lamatyala okuxhatshazwa kwabantu abadala eIndiya. Nangona kusenokuba lusizi, yinyaniso.
Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukunyamekela iminyaka yakho yobudala kwasebutsheni bakho. Sikuzisela ezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo zotyalo-mali lomhlalaphantsi onokuthi uziphephe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphila ubomi obunoxolo emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi.
ZIPHEPHE EZI IIMPAZAMO ZILI-10 ZOKUTALISA UMHLALA-PHANTSI
1. Ukungatyali mali kwi pension scheme
Ukuba indawo osebenza kuyo ayiboneleli ngeskimu somhlalaphantsi, ungakhetha i-National Pension Scheme okanye esinye sezicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi ezibonelelwa ziibhanki ezifana ne-HDFC kunye ne-ICICI.
Uninzi lwezicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi zinexesha lokuvaleleka de kube yiminyaka ethile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixa-mali esityaliweyo sigcinwa iminyaka emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
Ukutyala imali kwisicwangciso somhlalaphantsi okanye kwisicwangciso somhlalaphantsi yindlela eya phambili yokukhusela iminyaka yakho yasemva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Ukuba awutyali mali kwenye, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba wenza utyalo-mali kwezinye ii-asethi ezinexesha elivaliweyo de kufike ixesha lomhlalaphantsi.
Ngelixa ukhetha isicwangciso somhlalaphantsi esibonelelwa ziibhanki ezahlukeneyo, qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda yonke imimiselo nemiqathango yesicwangciso, kwaye ufumane imbuyekezo entle kutyalo-mali.
2. Ukusebenzisa ingxowa-mali ye-akhawunti yePF phambi kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi
Owona mbono uphambili ngeNgxowa-mali yesiBonelelo yabaSebenzi yayikukubonelela ngeminyaka ezayo yabasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukusetyenziswa kweemali ezifunyenweyo kwiProvident Fund ukuze zisetyenziswe kwimfundo yabantwana okanye emitshatweni.
Ke, iiakhawunti ezininzi zeNgxowa-mali ye-Provident aziboneleli ngenene kumntu oyiphetheyo, kodwa kunoko zibonelela abantwana kunye nosapho lwabo. Endaweni yokuba ibe lithemba labo lezezimali leminyaka emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, imali yePF iye yasetyenziselwa ukutyala kwiimfuno neemfuno zosapho.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezo mfuno kunye neemfuno zinokurhoxiswa emva kwexesha elithile okanye kusetyenzwe ukuze iingxowa-mali zomhlalaphantsi zingasetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ungakhetha ukubolekwa imali yomfundi yomntwana wakho endaweni yokuncama isixa sakho seprovident fund.
Kubalulekile ukugcina isixa sakho seNgxowa-mali ye-Provident sinjalo de ube urhola umhlala-phantsi. Ukufumana isixa kwi-akhawunti yakho yeProvident Fund kuya kuthetha ukuba uya kuba nesixa esilungileyo semali oza kuyityala kwishishini okanye ukuyisebenzisela iindleko zenyanga emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
3. Ukungatyali mali kwii-ETF
Ii-ETF okanye iiNgxowa-mali eziThengiswayo ziindlela zotyalo-mali ezonga imali kwizibambiso, ngaphandle kobunzima bokuthengisa imihla ngemihla. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ii-ETF zinokuthengiswa ngokurhweba ngemini, kodwa zihlala zinenzuzo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ii-ETF zijongwa njengee-asethi ezigqibeleleyo zomhlalaphantsi njengoko zinemirhumo ephantsi kunye nolawulo olungenamsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba utyale imali kwii-ETF, kufuneka wenze uphando lwakho kakuhle, njengoko ii-ETF zihluka kulawulo, ukuhlukahluka, njl.
Ukuba unelungiselelo lokwenza utyalo-mali olukhulu, yiya kwiibhondi. Iibhondi zibuyisela isixa-mali esiyintloko kwaye zihlawule izixa-mali zenzala ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo.
4. Ukungabinayo iDiphozithi eZinzileyo
Njengelizwe, sizimisele ukonga. Iibhanki yindawo yethu yemali esiyithandayo kuzo zonke izinto ezinxulumene notyalo-mali.
Oku mhlawumbi kungenxa yomngcipheko omncinci onxulumene nokonga kwebhanki. Okubangela umdla kukuba, kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, izinga lenzala yebhanki liye laguquguquka njengemarike yezabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo, izinga lenzala yokonga lihle laya kutsho ngaphantsi kwe-3%. Nangona kunjalo, uloyiko lokuguquguquka lugcina abantu abaninzi bekude ne-equity market.
Ukugcina isixa esilungileyo semali njengediphozithi esisigxina yexesha elinye kwaye emva koko ubuyisele imali evuthwayo kwakhona kwidiphozithi emiselweyo kungenza inxalenye yesicwangciso sakho sotyalo-mali lomhlalaphantsi.
Nokuba uqala ukwiminyaka engama-35 kwaye utyala imali engama-50,000 njengediphozithi esisigxina yexesha eli-1.5 kunye nenqanaba lenzala le-6%, xa uneminyaka engama-60, uya kuba sele usondele kwi-2 lakh rupees nangaphezulu, kuxhomekeke umgangatho wenzala.
Ndingacebisa ngamandla idipozithi esisigxina yexesha elifutshane oqhubeka uyiqengqeleka de urhoxe. Ungaqala ngedipozithi encinci kwaye mhlawumbi wongeze kuyo kancinci ngalo lonke ixesha uhlaziya ixesha lakho ledipozithi. Iya kuba luncedo olukhulu ngexesha leminyaka yomhlalaphantsi.
5. Ukungagcini ipesenti yomvuzo ekongeni okanye kutyalo-mali
Ukuba uqala umsebenzi wakho kwangethuba, qalisa ukonga imali yakho yomhlalaphantsi emva konyaka wokuqala.
Ukuba uqala umsebenzi wakho emva kwexesha, qala ukugcina imali yakho yomhlalaphantsi kumvuzo wokuqala.
Eyona ngcamango iphosakeleyo ixhaphakileyo malunga nokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwi-millennials kukuba baya kuba befanelekile kwaye bomelele kwiminyaka yabo ye-60 njengoko benjalo ngoku kwaye banokufaka iiyure ezili-10 zomsebenzi onamandla.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba akufuneki ulondolozele umhlalaphantsi kuba uza kukwazi ukusebenza ngokwaneleyo ukuze ufumane umsebenzi osisigxina, cinga kwakhona.
Kwanakwabo bakwishishini, ukusebenza iiyure ezininzi emva kweminyaka ethile kunokukhokelela ekudinweni ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka songe xa sinako ukuze siphumelele xa singakwazi.
Kufuneka songe ubuncinane i-10% yengeniso yethu kwaye siyityale. Inxalenye yolu tyalo-mali lwenyanga kufuneka ibekwe bucala njengenxalenye yotyalo-mali lwethu lomhlalaphantsi.
Musa ukuba ngomnye waba bantu bakudala bajonga ngasemva kwaye baqonde ukuba bebenokonga yonke imali abayichithile kwisoda kunye namaqela eempelaveki. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezo zibalulekile, kodwa kufuneka silinganisele ukuze songe kunye nenkcitho.
6. Ukungagcini ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali eyahluka-hlukeneyo
Esona sizathu siphambili sokugcina ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali eyahluka-hlukeneyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba xa ixabiso le-asethi elinye liyehla, abanye baya kuyibuyisela. Ipotfoliyo eyahlukileyo isasaza umngcipheko ngokulinganayo, yenza utyalo-mali lube nengeniso.
Ipotfoliyo eyahlukileyo ikwathetha ukuba ubandakanya zombini ixesha elide kunye notyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane. Utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwiibhondi okanye kwii-ETF zinokunika imbuyekezo entle kwiminyaka yomhlalaphantsi.
Iipotfoliyo ezahlukeneyo zinokuqulatha ii-asethi ezifana nepropathi, ezibonisa ukuba ngowona mthombo ubalaseleyo wengeniso yokungenzi nto kwiminyaka yobudala.
7. Ukuthengisa ngempahla yezinyanya/ipropathi yelali ngenzuzo yexesha elifutshane
Nangona le ngongoma isenokubonakala ingaqhelekanga, iqukwa ukugcina iingqwalasela zam zobuqu malunga nokuthenga nokuthengisa impahla yezinyanya kunye neziphumo zentengiselwano enjalo.
Uninzi lwesizukulwana sethu esidala esafudukela ezidolophini ngenxa yomsebenzi sathengisa ngomhlaba wookhokho babo ezilalini ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Abanye bathenga izindlu zabo esixekweni; abanye batyala imali yabo kwimfundo yasekholeji yabantwana babo.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo kwilizwe lethu kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, uninzi lwezi lali zikhule zaba ziidolophu ezichumileyo kunye neendawo ezisezidolophini ezinamashishini amaninzi kunye nomsebenzi.
Ngoko ke ingcebiso yam ingakukuba ungangxami ukuthengisa impahla yelali yezinyanya zakho. Emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, ungayisebenzisela injongo ethile yeshishini.
Unokuyiguqula ibe yindawo ka-Airbnb okanye uyiguqule ibe yindawo yemisitho yomtshato neziganeko.
8. Ukuchitha lonke utyalo-mali kwiMibhiyozo etyebileyo
Imitshato yonke iyonwabisa kwaye iyadanisa, kodwa ukuphelisa konke ukonga kunye notyalo-mali ukulungiselela imitshato emnandi yabantwana bakho kunokonakalisa impilo yakho yezemali.
Sincamathelisa ibala lentlalo ebantwini abakhetha imibhiyozo efikelelekayo endaweni yokuziyolisa. Kodwa nantso into eyiyo – ibala lentlalo. Cinga ngaphambi kokuba utyale imali kwimisitho yemibhiyozo - ngaba ikubiza imali oyongele umhlalaphantsi?
Ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka unciphise ubunewunewu. Kungcono ukubhiyoza ngokuthozamileyo kunokuphelela ebuhlwempu ebudaleni.
Ungagcina kwaye utyale imali ngokwahlukeneyo kwizicwangciso zexesha elifutshane zotyalo-mali kwimisitho efana nemitshato, kodwa zama ukungaluchukumisi utyalo-mali lwakho olunxulumene nomhlalaphantsi ngokufanayo.
9. Ukungasigcini isicwangciso se-inshorensi yezempilo
Ukungabi nayo isicwangciso se-inshorensi yezempilo kukuphoswa kanobom. Sonke siyazi ukuba ukulaliswa nje esibhedlele ngenxa yesigulo esiyingozi kunokusiphulukanisa nobutyebi bethu yaye kunokude kusifake ematyaleni.
Isicwangciso se-inshurensi yezempilo sinokukhathalela ipesenti enkulu yeendleko zempilo. Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba iindleko zempilo zonyuka emva kweminyaka engama-40. Ke nokuba uyathandabuza ukuzithengela isicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo kwiminyaka engama-30, fumana enye phambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-40.
10. Ukungabi nayo inshorensi yobomi
Oku ingakumbi kwabo bantu basenazo isicwangciso se-inshorensi yobomi.
I-inshorensi yobomi yi-asethi enenzuzo. Uyayibuyisela imali oyihlawule emva kokuba ixesha lakho liphelile, kwaye kwimeko engalindelekanga yokusweleka, usapho lwakho lufumana isixa esiqinisekisiweyo.
Qinisekisa ukuba ixesha lakho le-inshorensi yobomi libekwe ixesha ukuze ufumane isixa sakho sokukhula emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Emva koko unokukhetha ukukhusela isixa kwidiphozithi esisigxina okanye usibeke kumbono othile weshishini.
Umbono osisiseko malunga nokubeka eli nqaku kukwalathisa ingqalelo yakho kule nyaniso inye - Nceda ucinge ngeminyaka yakho yomhlalaphantsi kwangaphambili. Utyalo-mali lwekamva lubaluleke njengokuphila ubomi bakho ngoku.
Ukuba unazo naziphi na iingcebiso xa kufikwa kucwangciso lomhlalaphantsi, sazise! Singathanda ukuva!
Yabelana ngenqaku nabahlobo kunye nosapho okanye wabelane ngalo ngemidiya yakho yoluntu. Isenokusebenza njengesikhumbuzo esigqibeleleyo kumntu omthandayo okanye omaziyo.
Shiya iMpendulo