Izibambiso zikahulumeni, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-G-Secs, ziyindlela yokutshala imali edumile e-India. Lezi zibambiso zidumile ngenxa yengozi yazo ephansi kanye nembuyiselo eqinile.
Zikhishwa uHulumeni waseNdiya ukuze zixhase ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokuboleka futhi zisekelwa ukholo olugcwele kanye nekhredithi kahulumeni.
Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekuthengeni izibambiso zikahulumeni eNdiya. Ngizofaka izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-G-Secs atholakalayo, indlela yokufaneleka yokuwathenga, kanye nenqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa ama-G-Secs.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umtshali-zimali ongumakadebona noma osaqalayo, lo mhlahlandlela uzokusiza uqonde indlela yokutshala imali kuma-G-Secs futhi wenze izinqumo zokutshala izimali unolwazi. Ake siqale.
Ziyini Izibambiso Zikahulumeni?
Izibambiso zikahulumeni, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-G-Secs, zingamabhondi akhishwa uHulumeni wase-India ukuze axhase ukusetshenziswa kwawo kanye nokuboleka. Babhekwa njengenketho yokutshala ephephe kakhulu ngenxa yokholo olugcwele kanye nekhredithi kahulumeni obasekelayo.
I-G-Secs ikunikeza isilinganiso esinqunyiwe sembuyiselo futhi ikhishwa ngokuvuthwa okusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Angabanjwa ngendlela engokwenyama noma engashintshiwe (i-demat) futhi adayiswa emakethe yesibili ngokuhwebelana ngamasheya noma amashaneli e-over-the-counter (OTC).
Yiziphi Izici ze-G-Secs?
Ezinye izici eziyinhloko zama-G-Secs e-India zifaka okulandelayo:
- Izinga lembuyiselo eligxilile: Ama-G-Secs anikeza inani eligxilile lenzalo, elikhokhwa njalo (isb, ngonyaka, ingxenye yonyaka, noma ngekota) kuze kube yilapho ibhondi ivuthwa.
- Ingozi ephansi: I-G-Secs iyi-investimenti ephephile ngoba uhulumeni uyayisekela lezi zibambiso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi buncane ubungozi bokuzenzakalela noma ukungakhokhi.
- zezimali: Ama-G-Secs anguketshezi oluningi futhi athengwa kalula futhi athengiswa emakethe yesibili.
- diversification: Ama-G-Secs angakwazi ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo futhi anciphise ingozi iyonke.
Izinhlobo Zezibambiso Zikahulumeni eNdiya
I-Reserve Bank of India ikhipha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibambiso; izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-G-Secs yilezi:
- Izikweletu zikaMgcinimafa: Lawa amathuluzi esikweletu sesikhathi esifushane akhishwe uhulumeni izinsuku ezingama-91, 182, nezingu-364. Akhishwa ngesaphulelo senani lawo lobuso futhi asetshenziswa ngenani elibonakalayo ekuvuthweni. Izikweletu zikaMgcinimafa zithathwa njengamathuluzi angenabungozi njengoba uhulumeni ezikhipha.
- Izibambiso ezinedethi: Lawa amathuluzi esikweletu sesikhathi eside akhishwe uhulumeni izikhathi ezisukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwengama-30. Zikhokha inzalo kumnikazi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zisetshenziswa ngenani elibonakalayo ekuvuthweni.
- Izimalimboleko zokuthuthukiswa kombuso: Lezi yizibambiso zezikweletu ezikhishwe ohulumeni bezifunda ukuze kuxhaswe ingqalasizinda kanye nemiklamo yentuthuko. Ngokuvamile zikhishwa isikhathi esisukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweyi-15.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uhulumeni uphinde akhiphe ezinye izinhlobo zezibambiso: ama-CMB, AMA-TIPS, ama-Zero-Coupon Bond, ama-Capital Indexed Bond, ama-Floating Rate Bond, njll.
Wonke lawa ma-G-Secs asohlwini lwezimakethe futhi angathengwa futhi adayiswe abatshalizimali. Zibhekwa njengezinketho eziphephile zokutshala izimali njengoba uhulumeni ezikhipha, kodwa futhi zivame ukuba nenzuzo ephansi kunezinye izibambiso, njengamabhondi ezinkampani.
Imibandela Yokufaneleka Yezibambiso Zikahulumeni e-India
Imibandela yokufaneleka yokubamba iqhaza ezindalini nasekuthengeni ama-G-Secs imi kanje:
- Ubudala: Awukho umkhawulo weminyaka wokuthenga ama-G-Secs.
- Imali engenayo: Asikho isidingo semali engenayo yokuthenga ama-G-Secs.
- Ubuzwe: Izakhamizi zaseNdiya kanye namaNdiya angewona abahlali (ama-NRIs) angathenga ama-G-Secs. Kodwa-ke, ama-NRI kufanele athobele uMthetho Wokuphathwa Kokushintshana Kwemali Yangaphandle wase-India (i-FEMA) neminye imithetho yokutshala izimali.
Ukuze ubambe iqhaza endalini futhi uthenge ama-G-Secs, wena nanoma iyiphi inhlangano kufanele nibe ne-akhawunti yedemo. Kufanele ube ne-akhawunti yokuhweba esebenzayo nomthengisi obhalisiwe we-SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) noma umhlanganyeli we-depository.
Inqubo yokuthengisa endalini yama-G-Secs yenziwa ngoHlelo Lokusebenzelana Okuxoxiwe ngalo (i-NDS) kanye nenkundla yokubika yeZikimu Zomholo (R-PIS), izinkundla ze-elekthronikhi eziphethwe yi-RBI.
Kufanele futhi uqaphele ukuthi indlela yokufaneleka yokuthenga i-G-Secs ingase yehluke kuye ngokuvikeleka okunikezwayo kanye nemigomo yendali. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uxhumane nomeluleki wezezimali noma i-RBI ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezimfuneko ezithile zokuthenga ama-G-Secs.
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokuthenga Izibambiso Zikahulumeni eNdiya
Inqubo yokuthenga i-G-Secs ibandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Vula i-akhawunti ye-Demat
I-akhawunti yedemo iyadingeka ukuze ubambe i-G-Secs ngekhompyutha. Ukuze uvule i-akhawunti ye-depository, kufanele uye ku-Depository Participant (DP). Kufanele ibhaliswe ne-National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) noma i-Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).
Uzodinga ukugcwalisa ifomu lesicelo bese uhambisa imibhalo edingekayo, njengobufakazi bokuthi ungubani, ubufakazi bekheli, nekhadi le-PAN.
2. Khetha Umthengisi
Ukuze ubambe iqhaza endalini ye-G-Sec, uzodinga ukukhetha umthengisi obhalisiwe we-SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) oyilungu le-NDS (Negotiated Dealing System) kanye ne-R-PIS (Inkundla Yokubika Yezinhlelo Zokuthola Imali) .
Ungakhetha umthengisi ngokusekelwe kusithunzi sakhe, izinkokhelo, kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende.
3. Faka I-oda
Ukuze ufake i-oda le-G-Secs, kufanele ulandele izinyathelo ezichazwe umdayisi wakho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukugcwalisa ifomu eliku-inthanethi elinemininingwane efana nohlobo lwesivikelo ofuna ukusithenga, inani, kanye nenani ozimisele ukulikhokha. Umdayiseli uzobe esehambisa ibhidi yakho ngenkundla ye-NDS noma ye-R-PIS.
4. Linda Indali
I-RBI yenza izindali ze-G-Sec njalo futhi imemezele imininingwane yezibambiso ezinikezwayo kanye nohlelo lwendali kusenesikhathi. Ungahlola ishejuli futhi ubambe iqhaza endalini ngokufaka ibhidi yakho ngomthengisi wakho.
5. Thola Izibambiso
Uma ibhidi lakho liphumelela, izibambiso zizofakwa ku-akhawunti yakho yedethi ngosuku lokukhokha, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezimbili zebhizinisi ngemva kwendali. Uma isicelo sakho singaphumeleli, izimali zakho zizobuyiselwa kuwe.
Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa I-Zerodha njengomthengisi wakho, nansi indlela ongathenga ngayo ama-G-Secs:
- Okokuqala, kuzodingeka uhlole ukuthi i-RBI isiyiqalile yini indali ofuna ukubamba iqhaza kuyo.
- Uma usuqinisekile, hamba ku I-Coin Web bese ungena usebenzisa imininingwane yakho ye-Kite.
- Kudeshibhodi, uzobona okuthi “Amabhondi kahulumeni” cindezela kuyo.
- Ngaphansi kohlobo ngalunye, uzobona ukufakwa kuhlu kokunikezwayo okuningi lapho kuvulelwe uku-oda.
- Okwamanje, awekho amabhondi noma izibambiso eziphila ukuze zithengwe kwa-RBI.
- Ungathepha okuthi “Chofoza lapha” ukuze uhlole ukuthi izibambiso zizovulelwa nini ukutshalwa kwezimali.
- Uma ama-oda ebukhoma, ungakhetha i-G-Sec ofuna ukutshala imali kuyo bese uchofoza okuthi “Place Order”
Isithombe sesikweletu: Twitter Zerodha
- Bese ukhetha inani lamayunithi ofuna ukuwathenga.
- Chofoza okuthi “Qinisekisa” ukuze uqedele i-oda lakho
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokuthengisa Izibambiso Zikahulumeni eNdiya
Inqubo yokuthengisa ama-G-Secs icishe ifane nenqubo yokuthenga, ngezinguquko ezincane njengoba ufinyelela endaweni yokuthengisa yangempela. Ake sikuhlole:
1. Faka I-oda
Ukuze uthengise ama-G-Secs, uzodinga ukulandela izinyathelo ezishiwo umdayisi wakho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukugcwalisa ifomu eliku-inthanethi elinemininingwane efana nohlobo lokuphepha ofuna ukulithengisa, inani, kanye nenani ozimisele ukuyamukela.
Umdayiseli uzobe esethumela isipho sakho nge-NDS noma inkundla ye-R-PIS.
2. Linda Umthengi
Ama-G-Secs azotholakala ukuze athengwe abanye abatshalizimali nge-NDS noma inkundla ye-R-PIS. Uma umthengi etholwa, izibambiso zizodluliselwa ku-akhawunti yedethi yomthengi ngedethi yokukhokha, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezimbili zebhizinisi ngemuva kokudayiswa.
3. Thola Inkokhelo
Uma izibambiso sezidlulisiwe, uzothola inkokhelo yokuthengisa. Inkokhelo izofakwa ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange noma yenziwe ngesheke, kuye ngemibandela yokuthengisa kanye nezinqubomgomo zomdayiseli wakho.
Ake ngikunike isibonelo sendlela yokuthengisa ama-G-secs uma usebenzisa i-Zerodha njengomthengisi wakho:
- Yiya kuwe I-Zerodha ukubanjwa kwe-akhawunti; ungachofoza lapha futhi.
- Khetha amasekhondi e-G ofuna ukuwathengisa, chofoza okuthi “Izinketho”, bese uchofoza okuthi “Phuma”
- Manje khetha inketho yomkhawulo, bese ufaka inani ofuna ukuthengisa ngalo.
- Chofoza ku-"Thengisa" ukuze udayise izimpahla zakho.
Izingozi Nezimbuyiselo Zezibambiso Zikahulumeni e-India
Ubungozi Bezibambiso Zikahulumeni eNdiya
Izingozi ezingaba khona zokutshala imali kuma-G-Secs e-India zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ingozi yesikweletu: Uhulumeni ubhekene nezinkinga zezezimali njalo. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo bezezimali, ingase ingakwazi ukwenza izinkokhelo ezifika ngesikhathi zikathishanhloko kanye nenzalo yezibambiso. Kodwa-ke, le ngozi ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephansi kuma-G-Secs akhishwe uhulumeni waseNdiya ikakhulukazi. Ngoba thina, njengezwe, sinomlando oqinile wokukhokha ngesikhathi ezibophweni zethu zezikweletu.
- Ingcuphe yezinga lenzalo: Ama-G-Secs ayazwela ezinguqukweni zezilinganiso zenzalo. Uma izilinganiso zenzalo zikhuphuka, inani lama-G-Secs akhona anezilinganiso zenzalo eziphansi lingase lehle. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali kumtshali-zimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma amanani enzalo ehla, inani lama-G-Secs anezilinganiso zenzalo eziphezulu lingase lenyuke, linikeze inzuzo enkulu.
- Ubungozi bamandla emali: Ama-G-Secs ngokuvamile anenani lenzalo eligxilile. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni angase acekele phansi inani lemali oyitholayo ngenzalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lingaphezulu kwenzalo ku-G-Sec, inani lezinkokhelo zenzalo emandleni okuthenga lingase lehle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukubuyiselwa Kwezibambiso Zikahulumeni e-India
Imbuyiselo engaba khona yokutshala imali kuma-G-Secs e-India ihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Imali engenayo evamile: Ama-G-Secs ngokuvamile anikeza inani lenzalo eligxilile, elikhokhelwa umtshali-zimali njalo (isb., nyanga zonke, ngekota, noma ngonyaka). Lokhu kungahlinzeka ngomthombo ovamile wemali engenayo kubatshalizimali.
- Ukubongwa kwemali: Inani lama-G-Secs lingase lenyuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko kuzilinganiso zenzalo noma isidingo semakethe sezibambiso. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandiseni imali kumtshali-zimali.
- Ukuphepha: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-G-Secs ngokuvamile abhekwa njengokutshalwa kwezimali okuphephile njengoba ekhishwa uhulumeni wase-India, onamandla okuqoqa izintela nezinye izimali ezingenayo ukuze enze izinkokhelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokuyinhloko nenzalo.
Isiphetho
I-G-Secs, noma izibambiso zikahulumeni, zingamathuluzi esikweletu akhishwe uhulumeni ukuze aqongelele izimali ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-G-secs aphephile ngoba uhulumeni angakwazi ukuqoqa izintela nezinye izimali ezingenayo ngaphandle kokunaka izimo zomnotho. Lokhu kuvumela uhulumeni ukuthi akhokhele uthishanhloko kanye nenzalo ngesikhathi kubanikazi bezibambiso.
Izingozi ezingaba khona zokutshala imali kuma-G-Secs zifaka ingozi yekhredithi, ingcuphe yezinga lenzalo, nobungozi bokwehla kwamandla emali. Kodwa-ke, imbuyiselo engaba khona yokutshala imali kuma-G-Secs ihlanganisa imali engenayo evamile, ukwazisa ngemali enkulu, nokuphepha.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo, kufanele ucabange ngokucophelela izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nembuyiselo yokutshala imali kuma-G-Secs. I-G-Secs ingaba utshalomali oluhle uma ufuna umthombo wemali engenayo ophephile futhi ozinzile noma unentshisekelo yokulondoloza amandla okuthenga otshalomali lwakho esikhathini eside.
Sekukonke, ama-G-Secs angaba isengezo esibalulekile kuphothifoliyo yezezimali ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukutshala kunketho yokutshala ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzile.
shiya impendulo